全文获取类型
收费全文 | 158688篇 |
免费 | 13022篇 |
国内免费 | 5402篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 1072篇 |
儿科学 | 2905篇 |
妇产科学 | 1485篇 |
基础医学 | 23848篇 |
口腔科学 | 2992篇 |
临床医学 | 15684篇 |
内科学 | 20654篇 |
皮肤病学 | 1540篇 |
神经病学 | 7789篇 |
特种医学 | 3201篇 |
外国民族医学 | 22篇 |
外科学 | 12984篇 |
综合类 | 25140篇 |
现状与发展 | 11篇 |
一般理论 | 25篇 |
预防医学 | 10885篇 |
眼科学 | 4213篇 |
药学 | 18424篇 |
18篇 | |
中国医学 | 9665篇 |
肿瘤学 | 14555篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 472篇 |
2023年 | 2121篇 |
2022年 | 4491篇 |
2021年 | 5995篇 |
2020年 | 5269篇 |
2019年 | 5156篇 |
2018年 | 4969篇 |
2017年 | 4900篇 |
2016年 | 5023篇 |
2015年 | 5071篇 |
2014年 | 7897篇 |
2013年 | 8987篇 |
2012年 | 7484篇 |
2011年 | 8634篇 |
2010年 | 7525篇 |
2009年 | 7358篇 |
2008年 | 7407篇 |
2007年 | 8514篇 |
2006年 | 7850篇 |
2005年 | 7899篇 |
2004年 | 6919篇 |
2003年 | 6211篇 |
2002年 | 4561篇 |
2001年 | 4536篇 |
2000年 | 3663篇 |
1999年 | 3418篇 |
1998年 | 2435篇 |
1997年 | 2152篇 |
1996年 | 2246篇 |
1995年 | 2171篇 |
1994年 | 1904篇 |
1993年 | 1719篇 |
1992年 | 1494篇 |
1991年 | 1300篇 |
1990年 | 1088篇 |
1989年 | 1029篇 |
1988年 | 960篇 |
1987年 | 749篇 |
1986年 | 589篇 |
1985年 | 670篇 |
1984年 | 706篇 |
1983年 | 451篇 |
1982年 | 560篇 |
1981年 | 467篇 |
1980年 | 400篇 |
1979年 | 320篇 |
1978年 | 259篇 |
1977年 | 208篇 |
1976年 | 246篇 |
1975年 | 152篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
62.
Sofikitis N; Miyagawa I; Yamamoto Y; Loutradis D; Mantzavinos T; Tarlatzis V 《Human reproduction update》1998,4(3):197-212
This review refers to the evolution of ooplasmic injectionsof round spermatid nuclei ROSNI) or intact round spermatidsROSI). Conclusions from their preliminary application in thehamster, rabbit, mouse and human are discussed. Criteria foridentification of round spermatids and guidelines/quality controlfor application of ROSNI/ROSI techniques are emphasized. Althoughall the animal offspring and the human newborns delivered afterROSNI/ROSI are healthy additional research efforts are necessaryto confirm the safety of these procedures and improve theiroutcome 相似文献
63.
R. Berkels A. Bertsch T. Zuther S. Dhein K. Stockklauser P. Rsen R. Rsen 《European journal of haematology》1997,58(5):307-313
Abstract: We tried to characterize the porcine platelet nitric oxide (NO) synthase and its L-arginine (L-arg)/NO metabolism. Using RT-PCR we could show a constitutive endothelial NOS (ecNOS) and an inducible NOS (iNOS) similar mRNA in platelets. The NOS protein could be evidenced by an ecNOS specific antibody which also bound in platelets. This finding could be confirmed by Western blot showing an ecNOS in the membrane but not the cytosolic fraction; iNOS protein could not be detected. Using NADPH-diaphorase staining we could show NO synthase in preactivated platelets but not in resting platelets, indicating that the platelet NOS may be activated during platelet activation/aggregation. Porcine L-arg plasma levels (9.31 × 10–5 mol/l ± 10%) could be shown to be in the same range as human plasma levels. Moreover, we could show that the NO precursor L-arg and hydroxy-L-arginine (OHarg) concentration dependently inhibited collagen induced platelet aggregation. Summarizing these results confirm the existence of and further characterize porcine platelet NO synthases. 相似文献
64.
Background The skin microdiallysis technique makes it possible to measure histamine release in intact human skin in vivo directly. In this study we have used the microdialysis technique to characterize histamine release by codeine after intracutaneous injectioin and following skin challenge by a novel atraumatic delivery technique. Objective The purpose of the study was to compare histamine release in human skin by codeine. delivered by an intraprobe drug delivery system (IPD) and intracutaneous injections (ICT), with respect to dose-response relations, kinetics of histamine appearance and decay, corelations between histamine release and skin respones, and reproducibility. Methods Hollow dialysis fibres were inserted intradermally in 12 healthy subjects. Twelve fibres were inserted in each subjects, six fibres in each arm. Each fibre was perfused at a rate of 3 μL/min, and samples were collected in 2 min fractions. By the IPD technique, codeine was administrered to the skin by adding codeine to the perfusion medium. Sequential IPD challenges were performed in one arm. and ICTs were done on the other arm. Results Sixfold serial dilutions of codeine (0.01-3 mg/mL) caused a significant doserelated histamine release by ICT and IPD. Peak histamine release was found within the first 4 min after skin challenge by ICT and IPD, followed by a fast decline with a dialysate histamine half life of approximately 2-3 min. Peak hisamine release was linearly correlates with cumulative release of the 20 min sampling period, and histamine release correlated with weal soze. The coefficient of variation on peak histamine releae was 18.9% and 4.8% for codeine ICT and IPD, respectively. Conclusioin We have described in detail codeine-induced histamine release in intact human skin in vivo by the microdialysis technique. It was possible to administer codeine atraumaticallyl to the skin by intraprobe delivery. The skin microdialysis codeine atraumaticallly to the skin by intraprobe delivery. The skin microdialysis technique opens up possibilities for measurement of infllammatory mediators release in normal and diseases skin, and it will be possible to deliver immunopharmacologically active drugsto the skin by intraprobe delivery. 相似文献
65.
Eduardo E. Castilla María Luísa Martínez-Frías 《American journal of medical genetics. Part A》1995,58(2):106-112
Congenital “healed” cleft lip (CHCL) is an unusual anomaly including a paramedian “scar” of the upper lip, which appears as if a typical cleft lip has been corrected in utero. The CHCL is frequently associated with an ipsilateral notch in the vermilion, and “collapsed” nostril. Twenty-five CHCL cases are presented, eighteen of which were an isolated malformation found among the 3,950,715 births examined in two similar birth defect registries: ECEMC in Spain and ECLAMC in Latin America. Like open cleft lip, of which it seems to be a variant, CHCL is most frequently seen among males (14/18 isolated cases), it preferentially affects the left side (10/18 cases), and it segregated together with cleft lip in one family. The five CHCL cases with other congenital anomalies included: two cases with hydrocephalus, two VACTERL associations, and one atypical oblique facial cleft infant with single umbilical artery. CHCL may result from a defective fusion of the frontonasal and maxillary processes (before week 7 of embryonic life), or from a spontaneously repaired open cleft lip, later on. In either way, these cases heal with a visible scar, and the pre-occurrence of CHCL in two families suggests a familial predisposition to this phenomenon. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
66.
I. Hilakivi L. Ahtee J. O. Rinne T. Taira L. M. J. Attila P. Marjamäki 《Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)》1995,102(2):139-148
Summary Rats were treated with desipramine 5mg/kg, nomifensine 10mg/kg, zimelidine 25 mg/kg or with 0.9% sodium chloride once a day during the second and third weeks after birth, and brain stem, caudate/putamen and cortical monoamines, and caudate/putamen dopamine D1 (3[H]SCH 23390) and D2 (3[H]spiroperidol) receptor binding were measured when rats were at two months of age. In the brain stem, the concentration of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenyl glycol was increased in nomifensine rats and the ratio of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid to 5-hydroxytryptamine was increased in zimelidine rats. In the caudate/putamen, the concentrations of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid and the ratio of homovanillic acid to dopamine were increased in desipramine rats; neither3[H]SCH 23390 nor3[H]spiroperidol binding were affected by any of the three monoamine uptake inhibiting antidepressants studied. In the cortex, the ratio of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid to 5-hydroxytryptamine was increased in desipramine and zimelidine rats. The findings suggest that desipramine but not nomifensine increases the metabolism of dopamine in the caudate/ putamen and nomifensine but not desipramine increases the metabolism of norepinephrine in the brain stem, and furthermore that the metabolism of serotonin is affected by desipramine as well as by zimelidine. It is possible that also treatment of women with these drugs during late pregnancy causes long-lasting changes in the brain of human fetus. 相似文献
67.
胃癌D17S261和D17S799位点二核苷酸重复序列不稳定性的意义 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
目的研究二核苷酸重复序列不稳定性〔DRSI〕在胃癌发生中的作用及其临床意义.方法采用PCR方法检测了D17S261和D17S799位点二核苷酸重复序列不稳定性.结果胃癌总DRSI发生率为34%(17/50),其中高中分化腺癌DRSI阳性率(667%,10/15)显著高于低分化癌(194%,6/31,P<001);肠型胃癌DRSI阳性率(556%,10/18)显著高于胃型胃癌(20%,6/30,P<005),DRSI与胃癌部位、大小、浸润、分期、淋巴结转移无显著相关.结论DRSI在胃癌的发生中可能起重要作用. 相似文献
68.
69.
花生四烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸对海马神经细胞生长发育的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
【目的】观察不同浓度花生四烯酸 (AA)和 (或 )二十二碳六烯酸 (DHA)对体外培养海马神经细胞生长发育的影响。【方法】无血清培养液中分别加入不同剂量的AA和 (或 )DHA ,采用噻唑蓝比色试验 (MTT法 )反映各组海马神经细胞存活状况 ,神经元特异性烯醇化酶 (NSE)染色鉴定神经细胞 ,图像分析技术测量神经细胞的胞体大小和突起长度。【结果】培养液中分别添加AA为 4~ 8μmol/L、DHA为 2~ 8μmol/L时 ,神经细胞活力高于对照组 ;当培养液中AA和DHA总浓度为 4μmol/L、比例为 2∶1或 4∶1时 ,神经细胞的活力、胞体面积、最大长径、最大短径和平均突起长度均显著高于单一添加 4μmol/LAA、4μmol/LDHA和对照组。【结论】AA、DHA均具有促进体外培养海马神经细胞生长发育的作用 ;与单独添加AA、DHA相比 ,AA和DHA共同作用的促海马神经细胞生长发育作用更好。 相似文献
70.
Kodama Hideya; Fukuda Jun; Karube Hiroko; Matsui Toshihiko; Shimizu Yasushi; Tanaka Toshinobu 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1995,10(8):1962-1967
This study was aimed at assessing the outcome of in-vitro fertilization(IVF) and embryo transfer in patients with polycystic ovariansyndrome (PCOS). The results of IVF and embryo transfer in PCOSpatients (PCOS group, 78 cycles of 26 patients) were comparedwith those of a control group (423 cycles in 202 patients withoutmale factor; age and ovarian stimulation protocol were matched).Although the pregnancy rate per transfer was not different inthe two groups of patients (25 versus 34%, PCOS versus controlgroup), the PCOS group had a significantly lower pregnancy rateper follicle aspiration (19 versus 31%, P < 0.05). A notableresult was a significantly higher incidence of embryo transfercancellations in the PCOS group (22 versus 8%, P < 0.01),which resulted from unpredictable failure of either oocyte recoveryor fertilization. The incidence of unexplained complete failureof fertilization was significantly higher in the PCOS group(18 versus 5%, P < 0.01). These results may reflect a reducedquality of the oocytes in the PCOS group, and there was a subgroupof PCOS patients who repeatedly produced poor results of treatment.Although the ovarian stimulation regimen best suited to PCOSpatients remains to be determined, special care should be takenduring ovarian stimulation, especially when the PCOS patientshad experienced unexplained failure of oocyte recovery or fertilizationin the previous treatment cycle(s). 相似文献