过敏性紫癜的心肌损害

目的观察儿童过敏性紫癜并心肌损害的发生率及临床特点。方法回顾性分析93例过敏性紫癜患儿并心肌损害的临床资料，对其发生率、临床表现及其他系统损害的关系和预后进行分析。结果497例过敏性紫癜患者中有93例（18．71％）有心肌受损，主要表现为心肌酶学异常和（或）心电图异常。所有病例应用肾上腺皮质激素治疗后均治愈。结论过敏性紫癜合并心肌损害是临床较常见的表现，早期识别并及时应用激素治疗及对症处理可避免严重并发症的发生，提高治疗效果。     

Prognostic value of supine scintigraphic heart function and simultaneous conventional exercise response in patients after myocardial infarction

A total of 240 survivors of one or more myocardial infarctions were consecutively admitted to perform supine exercise radionuclide ventriculography. Within 3 years after the test, 22 died; this group was compared to an age-matched control group of 22 survivors for left and right ventricular function during rest, exercise, and simultaneously assessed exercise performance as well as ECG variables. Evaluation of 3-year survival by linear discriminant analysis revealed an accuracy of 82% for discriminant models using ECG and exercise performance variables. Implementation of resting left ventricular ejection fraction and change of right ventricular ejection fraction during exercise, as well as scintigraphic presence or absence of dyskinesia, improved the accuracy of the model to 91% of correctly classified patients.     

急性心肌梗塞静脉溶栓治疗冠脉再通者早期ST段再抬高的临床意义

急性心肌梗塞早期静脉溶栓治疗后，一些溶栓再通患者中，可见早期降低的ＳＴ段再度出现抬高现象。本文回顾溶栓成功者８１例，其中早期出现ＳＴ段再度抬高者２１例（占３５％），与ＳＴ段非再度抬高者相比，ＣＰＫ、ＣＰＫ－ＭＢ峰值，心功能及院内死亡率等无显著差异。笔者认为，此现象也为再通的标志之一。因此，急性心肌梗塞溶栓治疗的早期连续监测心电图对确认再通与否非常重要     

无心肌梗死冠心病患者心功能变化与室性心律失常的关系

目的：探讨冠心病心力衰竭对各种室性心律失常的影响。方法：选择381例冠心病住院患者，根据心功能分级标准（NYHA）分为4组，检测24h动态心电图（Holter），分析室性心律失常类型及发生率，进行统计分析。结果：各级心功能组其室性心律失常发生率经x^2检验示，室性心律失常的发生率除联律和持续性或非持续性室性心动过速外各组间差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。结论：非心肌梗死冠心病患者室性心律失常发作频率与心力衰竭的程度无关，但联律和持续或非持续性室性心动过速在重度心力衰竭患者发生率增加。     

Role of group II and group III metabotropic glutamate receptors in spinal cord injury.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) produces an increase in extracellular excitatory amino acid (EAA) concentrations that results in glutamate receptor-mediated excitotoxic events. An important class of these receptors is the metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). mGluRs can activate a number of intracellular pathways that increase neuronal excitability and modulate neurotransmission. Group I mGluRs are known to modulate EAA release and the development of chronic central pain (CCP) following SCI; however, the role of group II and III mGluRs remains unclear. To begin evaluating group II and III mGluRs in SCI, we administered the specific agonists for group II, APDC, or group III, L-AP4, by interspinal injection immediately following SCI. Contusion injury was produced at spinal segment T10 with a New York University impactor (12.5-mm drop, 10-g rod 2 mm in diameter) in 30 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (175-200 g). Evoked and spontaneous behavioral measures of CCP, locomotor recovery, changes in mGluR expression, and amount of spared tissue were examined. Neither APDC nor L-AP4 affected locomotor recovery or the development of thermal hyperalgesia; however, L-AP4 and APDC attenuated changes in mechanical thresholds and changes in exploratory behavior indicative of CCP. APDC- and L-AP4-treated groups had higher expression levels of mGluR2/3 at the epicenter of injury on post contusion day 28; however, there was no difference in the amount of spared tissue between treatment groups. These results demonstrate that treatment with agonists to group II and III mGluRs following SCI affects mechanical responses, exploratory behavior, and mGluR2/3 expression without affecting the amount of tissue spared, suggesting that the level of mGluR expression after SCI may modulate nociceptive responses.     

Severe myocardial injury and rhabdomyolysis from acute oral amphetamine abuse

We report a case of a previously healthy young man who developed severe myocardial injury and rhabdomyolysis after a single oral ingestion of amphetamine. Such major toxicity is more usually associated with the use of intravenous amphetamine or chronic amphetamine abuse. Both physicians and potential drug users need to be aware that a single oral ingestion of amphetamine may produce severe, life-threatening toxicity.     

血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂在急性心肌梗塞早期的应用

对２５例急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）并左心功能不全患者早期应用血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂（ＡＣＥＩ）治疗的对照性临床分析，结果：用小剂量的ＡＣＥＩ治疗对患者心率、血压无显著的影响〔治疗前后心率分别为８９．９０±１０．２２次／分与８９．４２±８．１９次／分，血压分别为１５．３７±３．４６／９．７４±２．３２ｋＰａ（１ｋＰａ＝７．５ｍｍＨｇ）〕和１４．９６±２．６０／９．４６±１．７６ｋＰａ〕；对合并轻、中度泵衰竭患者的疗效显著，但对重度泵衰竭的疗效与对照组比较无显著性差异；治疗组恶性心律失常的发生率较对照组减低１３．３８％，警告性室早的发生率治疗组较对照组减少２６．３９％，但Ⅱ°～Ⅲ°房室传导阻滞的发生率治疗组高于对照组；两组４周病死率比较无显著性差异。作者认为：ＡＣＥＩ治疗ＡＭＩ并轻、中度泵衰竭安全有效；ＡＣＥＩ有一定抗心律失常作用，但应注意传导系统的并发症，使用中应注意各种副作用的发生。     

显微外科技术治疗周围神经陈旧性损伤

目的探讨应用显微外科技术治疗需再次手术的周围神经损伤的方法和疗效。方法对33例周围神经损伤第一次手术效果差的患者,应用显微外科技术进行再次手术治疗。结果本组获得随访30例,共41条神经,随访时间为9个月～6年,平均为27个月,优良率为73.2%。结论对周围神经损伤初次手术效果差的患者,应尽早再次手术探查,应用显微外科技术,选择合适的手术方式,可取得较满意的手术疗效。     

Activated prothrombin complex concentrate (FEIBA®) treatment during surgery in patients with inhibitors to FVIII/IX

Non-activated and activated prothrombin complex concentrates (PCC/aPCC) have been used successfully to treat bleeds in haemophilia patients with inhibitors, but most physicians do not consider these products as effective as factor VIII/IX (FVIII/IX) concentrates in non-inhibitor patients. Thus, surgical procedures in inhibitor patients have been performed reluctantly. We have performed 14 minor and five major surgical and invasive diagnostic procedures in eight patients with congenital haemophilia A and inhibitors and in two patients with acquired haemophilia. When a loading dose of 100 U kg-1 of FEIBA was given followed by 200 U kg-1 day-1 in three divided doses every 8 h for 3 days, and then, when the daily dose was tapered to 100-150 U kg-1, no severe or unexpected bleeding complications were observed. However, one adverse event was observed. A 69-year-old man who suffered a myocardial infarction the third postoperative day following sigmoidectomy was managed safely with opiate analgesia, nitrates and diuretics, and the continued use of FEIBA(R).