单侧腭黏骨膜瓣修复腭裂116例临床分析

目的: 探讨单侧腭黏骨膜瓣后推修复腭裂的方法。方法: 术中将患侧腭黏骨膜瓣彻底松解、腭帆提肌吊带重建、血管蒂牵拉提升,使腭瓣松弛充分、后退,对侧裂缘仅作简单切口,即可将裂隙封闭。结果: 本法修复单侧腭裂116例,仅2例于近期出现腭瘘;术后语言质量和发音明显改善。结论: 单侧腭黏骨膜瓣修复腭裂手术创伤小、术中出血少、手术时间短,临床应用方便可行。     

Sternalis muscle,what every anatomist and clinician should know

The sternalis muscle is a well documented but rare muscular variation of the anterior thoracic wall. It lies between the superficial fascia and the pectoral fascia and is found in about 8% of the population. It presents in several morphological variants both unilaterally and bilaterally and has no apparent physiological function. There is still much disagreement about its nerve supply and embryological origin. With the advent of medical imaging and thoracic surgery the clinical importance of this muscle has been re‐emphasized. It has been implicated in misdiagnosis of breast masses on routine mammograms owing to its parasternal location and relative unfamiliarity among radiologists. When undetected before any thoracic surgery, it has the potential to interfere with and prolong such procedures. When present and detected preoperatively it can be used as a muscular flap in reconstructive surgeries of the breast and neck. This article will present the sternalis muscle with special emphasis on its morphology, homology, and clinical significance. Clin. Anat. 27:866–884, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Anatomical status of the human musculus uvulae and its functional implications

In our ongoing series of anatomical studies to determine the three‐dimensional architecture of the human velar muscles, we have previously reported on the palatopharyngeus. The present study deals with the musculus uvulae (MU), in which the positional relationships of its origin to the posterior nasal spine and the palatine aponeurosis, as well as the interrelation between its anatomical status and functions, have yet to be clarified. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations were performed on 25 and 2 cadavers, respectively. In the former, bilateral MUs and their adjacent structures were exposed mainly from the nasal aspect. In the latter, the soft palates embedded in paraffin were cut into frontal and sagittal sections and alternately processed with HE and Azan stains. The left and right MUs adjacent to each other were found to run longitudinally along the midline beneath the nasal aspect of velum. It was overlaid by glandular tissue that increased in amount as it coursed distally. After originating from the oral surface of palatine aponeurosis, it ran backward to cross above the sling formed by the levator veli palatini muscles of both sides and reached the tip of uvula with its muscle fibers intermingled with glandular tissue. Past studies have proposed three functions of MU to enhance the efficiency of velopharyngeal closure: space occupier, stiffness modifier, and velar extensor. All of the above‐described anatomical characteristics of MU could be explained as being adapted for these functions. This implies that MU is actively responsible for maintaining the velopharyngeal closure efficiency. Clin. Anat. 27:1009–1015, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

小家鼠群体基因组连锁不平衡研究

模式动物小鼠是复杂性状相关疾病遗传研究的重要资源.连锁不平衡(linkage disequilib-rium,LD)是群体基因组遗传的重要信息.如果群体LD程度高,相关连锁区段大,有助于用少量遗传位标来对目标基因进行初步定位;反之,如果群体LD程度低,相关连锁区段小,则利用高密度的遗传位标可以对目标基因进行精细定位.本文介绍了实验小鼠群体和野生小鼠群体相关的LD、与LD相关的部分遗传参数以及利用LD进行相关基因定位研究.并提示实验小鼠和野生小鼠各具优势,都是复杂性状基因定位的重要遗传资源.     

Reproducibility of surface EMG during dynamic shoulder forward flexions: a study of clinically healthy subjects

There is a shortage of studies concerning the reproducibility of surface electromyography (EMG) during dynamic contractions. The movement per se introduces factors that could have the potential to affect the characteristics of the electromyogram. The aim of this study was to investigate the during-the-day reproducibility (using intra-class coefficient, ICC) of the peak torque (PT) and the EMG variables (without removing electrodes) of dynamic shoulder forward flexions. Eleven healthy women performed three sets of 10 dynamic maximum right-shoulder flexions at 1 h intervals using an isokinetic dynamometer. The PT of each flexion was determined. EMG signals were recorded from four muscles (trapezius, deltoid, infraspinatus and biceps brachii) using surface electrodes, and the mean frequency of the power spectrum (MNF [Hz]) and the signal amplitude (RMS [μV]), were computed. The ability to relax between maximum flexions was calculated as a ratio between the RMS during the passive extension phase and the RMS during the active flexion phase of each contraction cycle. This ratio is the signal amplitude ratio (SAR). The present study showed good reproducibility for PT, MNF and RMS, while the reproducibility of SAR was generally acceptable (fair) according to the criteria used.     

贵州省鼠体内锥虫的报道

对贵州省9县市捕获的341只鼠体和62只麝鼩的血中锥虫进行了首次报道,阳性率为6.2％,感染率室内高于野外,据其形态观察及各项量度测量,暂定名为路氏锥虫Trypanosoma lewisi。     

Neck-shoulder loading in wordprocessor use

Summary The loading of wordprocessor workers was followed over a four month period of a re-education course with the aid of electromyography of the trapezius and frontalis muscles in order to study the effect of learning. Working with the word processor increased the electrical activities in both muscles. The increase did not diminish with the learning of the work. On the contrary the electrical activity increased significantly in the frontalis muscle. Intervening gymnastics during work decreased the electrical activities. The screen (on/off) did not affect the activity. Most effective in lowering the myoelectrical activity in both muscles were the armsupports. A significant positive linear correlation was observed in the electrical activities of the trapezius and frontalis muscles both at rest and during wordprocessor work.     

溴杀灵对三种家鼠的毒力测定及灭效研究

本文报道辽宁省化工研究院研制的溴杀灵，对福建省常见３种家鼠的毒力和灭鼠效率。溴杀灵对褐家鼠的ＬＤ５０为１．８０１±０．２３３ｍｇ／ｋｇ，对黄胸鼠的ＬＤ５０为３．２９２±０．４２１ｍｇ／ｋｇ，对小家鼠的ＬＤ５０为１１．００３±１．４３１ｍｇ／ｋｇ。０．０１％溴杀灵大米毒饵对黄胸鼠平均摄食系数为１．７５，室内灭效为１００％，现场灭鼠对褐家鼠的杀灭率为８９．９６％。     

上海市青浦区小家鼠对第一代、第二代抗凝血灭鼠剂抗药性研究

目的了解青浦区小家鼠对第一代和第二代抗凝血灭鼠剂的抗药性,分析原因,制定对策。方法现场捕获小家鼠,按照全国鼠类抗药性监测协作组统一的方法进行无选择性摄毒试验,分别摄食0.05%杀鼠灵毒饵和0.01%溴敌隆毒饵。结果 25只小家鼠对杀鼠灵抗药性发生率为0.00%,平均致死剂量为736.49mg/kg;26只小家鼠对溴敌隆抗药性发生率为0.00%,平均致死剂量为141.88mg/kg。结论以小家鼠为优势种的我区广大农村地区目前对第一、第二代抗凝血灭鼠剂均未产生抗药性,可以考虑轮流使用这两类灭鼠剂进行灭鼠工作,但应加强对其抗药性的监测,合理用药。