IL-4/STAT6在变应性鼻炎豚鼠鼻黏膜的表达及鼻用糖皮质激素对其表达的影响

目的:研究IL-4/STAT-6在变应性鼻炎豚鼠鼻黏膜的表达和丙酸氟替卡松鼻喷雾剂对其表达的影响,进一步探讨变应性鼻炎的发病机制。方法:45只豚鼠随机分为对照组(NC组)、变应性鼻炎无干预组(AR组)和变应性鼻炎糖皮质激素干预组(Glu组),每组15只。其中AR、Glu组采用卵清白蛋白致敏法制备变应性鼻炎豚鼠模型;NC组用生理盐水替代卵清白蛋白进行同步处理。动物建模后用丙酸氟替卡松鼻喷雾剂(每次50μl/侧)治疗,每天2次,连续5d。观察各组大鼠行为学改变及鼻黏膜病理学改变,免疫组织化学法检测各组豚鼠鼻黏膜中IL-4、STAT6蛋白的表达并观察其变化情况及相关性。结果:与NC组比较,AR组豚鼠喷嚏及搔鼻次数明显增加,IL-4、STAT6表达增强;与AR组比较,Glu组激素干预后豚鼠喷嚏及搔鼻次数明显减少,IL-4、STAT6表达减弱,NC组与Glu组相比结果无明显差异。结论:IL-4/STAT6在Th2分化中起关键作用,丙酸氟替卡松鼻喷雾剂干预后可以通过影响IL-4/STAT6的表达发挥治疗作用。     

Phase Transformation after Heat Treatment of Cr-Ni Stainless Steel Powder for 3D Printing

Today, Ni-Cr steel is used for advanced applications in the high-temperature and electrical industries, medical equipment, food industry, agriculture and is applied in food and beverage packaging and kitchenware, automotive or mesh. A study of input steel powder from various stages of the recycling process intended for 3D printing was conducted. In addition to the precise evaluation of the morphology, particle size and composition of the powders used for laser 3D printing, special testing and evaluation of the heat-treated powders were carried out. Heat treatment up to 950 °C in an air atmosphere revealed the properties of powders that can appear during laser sintering. The powders in the oxidizing atmosphere change the phase composition and the original FeNiCr stainless steel changes to a two-phase system of Fe₃Ni and Cr₂O₃, as evaluated by X-ray diffraction analysis. Observation of the morphology showed the separation of the oxidic phase in the sense of a brittle shell. The inner part of the powder particle is a porous compact core. The particle size is generally reduced due to the peeling of the oxide shell. This effect can be critical to 3D printing processing, causing defects on the printed parts, as well as reducing the usability of the precursor powder and can also change the properties of the printed part.     

Inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine makes chemotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma more efficient

Objectives

A combination of platinum-based chemotherapy and radiotherapy is the standard treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, the efficacy of chemotherapy has reached a plateau. Many autophagy studies suggest that autophagy can either promote or suppress to cancer progression. Thus, a role of autophagy in the acquisition of chemoradioresistance has recently been a notable event. Therefore, we examined the relationship between autophagy and chemotherapy in NPC.

A neural model of 3D shape-from-texture: multiple-scale filtering, boundary grouping, and surface filling-in

A neural model is presented of how cortical areas V1, V2, and V4 interact to convert a textured 2D image into a representation of curved 3D shape. Two basic problems are solved to achieve this: (1) Patterns of spatially discrete 2D texture elements are transformed into a spatially smooth surface representation of 3D shape. (2) Changes in the statistical properties of texture elements across space induce the perceived 3D shape of this surface representation. This is achieved in the model through multiple-scale filtering of a 2D image, followed by a cooperative-competitive grouping network that coherently binds texture elements into boundary webs at the appropriate depths using a scale-to-depth map and a subsequent depth competition stage. These boundary webs then gate filling-in of surface lightness signals in order to form a smooth 3D surface percept. The model quantitatively simulates challenging psychophysical data about perception of prolate ellipsoids [Todd, J., & Akerstrom, R. (1987). Perception of three-dimensional form from patterns of optical texture. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 13(2), 242-255]. In particular, the model represents a high degree of 3D curvature for a certain class of images, all of whose texture elements have the same degree of optical compression, in accordance with percepts of human observers. Simulations of 3D percepts of an elliptical cylinder, a slanted plane, and a photo of a golf ball are also presented.     

HPLC同时测定麦冬中3种高异黄酮含量

采用反相高效液相色谱法同时测定麦冬中6-甲酰基沿阶草酮甲、甲基沿阶草酮甲和沿阶草酮甲的含量,选用乙腈-0.5％磷酸溶液(58:42)作为流动相,检测波长为296nm(0～14min),275nm(14～22min).6-甲酰基沿阶草酮甲、甲基沿阶草酮甲和沿阶草酮甲检测的线性范围分别为0.165～0.990(r=0.9999),0.153～0.918(r=0.9999),0.270～1.620μg(r=0.9999),平均加样同收率分别为99.76％(RSD0.95％),99.86％(RSD0.82％),99.41％(RSD1.1％).研究所建立的反相高效液相色谱法法简便快速、准确度高,可用于麦冬药材的质量控制.     

三维适形低分割高剂量放射治疗非小细胞肺癌的临床探讨

目的：观察非小细胞肺癌行三维适形低分割高剂量放射治疗的疗效与并发症,探讨适合的分割模式和照射剂量。方法：回顾性分析682例非小细胞肺癌,采用三维适形放射治疗,90％-95％的剂量曲线覆盖胛V,单次分割剂量5Gy,1次／日或隔日,3—5次／周,DT50～70Gy／10—14次,中位照射剂量60Gy／12次,等效生物剂量88—90Gy。结果：682例患者中,完全缓解（CR）87例（12．8％）,部分缓解（PR）561例（82．2％）,总有效率（CR＋PR）为95％,其中111级以上放射性肺炎发生率5．2％（36／682）,未出现明显的放射性食管炎。结论：非小细胞肺癌采用三维适形低分割高剂量放射治疗（5Gy／次,每周3—5次,中位照射剂量60Gy／12次）,是相对安全的;而且局部控制率高,有较好的近期疗效,并发症低,值得推广使用。     

儿童川崎病合并轻微脑炎/脑病伴可逆性胼胝体压部病变综合征1例并文献复习

报道1例川崎病合并轻微脑炎/脑病伴可逆性胼胝体压部病变综合征(mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion，MERS)患儿的临床诊疗经过，并回顾相关文献报道，总结疾病特点，提高对该病的认识。本例患者为7岁余男孩，持续高热6 d，伴草莓舌、双眼球结膜充血、全身大片红斑样充血样皮疹和颈部淋巴结肿大，符合川崎病诊断标准。丙种球蛋白(2 g/kg)静脉滴注24 h后患儿仍有发热，且出现头痛、嗜睡表现，头颅磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging，MRI)显示胼胝体压部局限性梭形肿胀，T1稍低、T2稍高异常信号，扩散加权成像(diffusion-weighted images，DWI)呈明显高信号，表观扩散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient，ADC)图呈明显低信号，提示MERS，予甲泼尼龙2 mg/(kg·d)静脉滴注，数小时后患儿热退，头痛、嗜睡症状消失。1周后复查头颅MRI正常，出院时没有神经系统异常和冠状动脉扩张。共检索到符合条件的外文文献12篇，未检索到中文文献，共报道17例川崎病合并MERS患儿，中位年龄6.5岁(1~14岁)，其中5岁以上儿童11例，合并冠状动脉扩张者4例。所有患儿均有不同程度的意识障碍、幻视、惊厥等神经系统症状，头颅MRI符合MERS影像学改变，经积极治疗, 所有患儿的神经系统症状完全消失，其中13例患儿复查了头颅MRI，影像学改变均恢复正常，所有患儿均未遗留神经系统后遗症。川崎病合并MERS的病例报道非常少见，并发MERS的川崎病多发生在5岁以上年长儿童，头颅MRI检查有助于早期诊断，及时积极治疗可以使MERS病情短期内逆转，不留神经系统后遗症。     

中危非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的最佳膀胱镜监测强度

目的为中危非肌层浸润性膀胱癌确定最佳的膀胱镜监测频率方法回顾性分析2001年1月至2019年10月于北京大学人民医院行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术的中危非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者，收集患者的临床、病理学和随访资料。术后2年每3至6个月对患者进行膀胱镜检测，根据患者复发和进展的情况，在术后2年假设3种强度的监测策略：模式1：间隔3个月，模式2：间隔6个月，模式3：间隔12个月，比较3种模式间检测复发和进展的延迟个数和时间差异。结果共纳入185例患者，其中男性144例(77.8%)，女性41例(22.2%)，中位年龄68 (59~76)岁。单发肿瘤有118例(63.8%)，多发肿瘤有67例(36.2%)。术后病理Ta期179例(96.8%)，T1期有6例(3.2%)。高级别病变108例(58.4%)，低级别病变77例(41.6%)。在术后2年随访期间内，52例(28.1%)患者出现复发，133例(71.9%)未出现复发；11例(5.9%)患者发生进展，174例(94.1%)未发生进展。相比于模式1，模式2出现复发检测延迟的个数为29例(55.8%)，模式3为41例(78.8%)，两者之间差异有统计学意义(P=0.012)。模式1、模式2和模式3检测复发的中位延迟时间分别为1.00、1.99和4.19个月。模式1与模式2和模式3之间差异均有统计学意义(P=0.001, P=0.013)。与模式1相比，模式2出现进展检测延迟的个数为5例(45.4%)，模式3为8例(72.7%)，两者之间差异无统计学意义。模式1、模式2和模式3检测进展的中位延迟时间分别为1.00、2.00和3.00个月，三者之间差异无统计学意义。结论6个月间隔的膀胱镜检测模式与3个月相比，虽然会稍微延迟检测到肿瘤复发和进展，但不会造成严重的不良结局，并能够减少患者的痛苦和经济负担，在中危非肌层浸润性膀胱癌是可行的。     

上尿路尿路上皮癌组织中脂肪因子表达与临床病理特征及预后的相关性

目的基于生物信息数据分析及免疫组织化学染色，探究上尿路尿路上皮癌(upper tract urothelial carcinoma，UTUC)患者脂肪因子表达水平与临床病理特征及预后的相关性。方法纳入研究的脂肪因子包括脂联素(adiponectin，AdipoQ)、瘦素(leptin，LEP)、白细胞介素(interleukin, IL)-6、IL-10及各脂肪因子的受体(AdipoR1、AdipoR2、LEPR、IL-6R、IL-10RA、IL-10RB)。选取2014年1月至2021年4月在北京大学人民医院接受手术治疗的UTUC患者组织标本进行免疫组织化学染色，使用H-Score评估表达水平，同时回顾性收集患者临床数据并进行随访。从基因表达数据库(Gene Expression Omnibus database，GEO){"type":"entrez-geo","attrs":{"text":"GSE134292","term_id":"134292"}}GSE134292数据集中下载UTUC患者“转录组测序”数据进行对比。采用t检验比较非肌层浸润肿瘤与肌层浸润性肿瘤组间脂肪因子表达水平的差异，采用Cox回归分析和Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析两队列中患者预后指标的独立预测因素，双侧P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果共选取UTUC患者的组织切片63例，免疫组织化学染色结果表明AdipoQ(P=0.003 6)、AdipoR1(P=0.006 5)、LEP(P=0.007 7)、IL-10(P=0.006 9)、IL-10RA(P=0.008 9)在肌层浸润性肿瘤中呈高表达。同时纳入了{"type":"entrez-geo","attrs":{"text":"GSE134292","term_id":"134292"}}GSE134292数据集中的57例UTUC患者，AdipoR1(P=0.000 4)、AdipoR2(P=0.000 4)、IL-6(P=0.005 0)、IL-10(P=0.001 7)、IL-10RA(P=0.008 1)在肌层浸润性肿瘤中呈高表达。生存曲线及多因素分析结果显示，IL-10RA高表达是无膀胱复发生存的独立保护因素(P=0.044，HR=0.996，95%CI：0.992~0.998)，{"type":"entrez-geo","attrs":{"text":"GSE134292","term_id":"134292"}}GSE134292队列数据也同样验证了这一点(P=0.014，HR=0.515，95%CI：0.304~0.873)。结论AdipoQ、AdipoR1、IL-10及IL-10RA在肌层浸润性肿瘤中呈高表达，表明AdipoQ和IL-10及其受体参与肿瘤进展过程。IL-10RA高表达是UTUC患者术后无膀胱复发生存的保护性因素，预示其在肿瘤复发中发挥重要作用。     

拉曼技术在泌尿系统肿瘤检测中的应用

Urinary system tumors affect a huge number of individuals, and are frequently recurrent and progressing following surgery, necessitating lifelong surveillance. As a result, early and precise diagnosis of urinary system cancers is important for prevention and therapy. Histopathology is now the golden stan-dard for the diagnosis, but it is invasive, time-consuming, and inconvenient for initial diagnosis and re-gular follow-up assessment. Endoscopy can directly witness the tumor''s structure, but intrusive detection is likely to cause harm to the patient''s organs, and it is apt to create other hazards in frequently examined patients. Imaging is a valuable non-invasive and quick assessment tool; however, it can be difficult to define the type of lesions and has limited sensitivity for early tumor detection. The conventional approaches for detecting tumors have their own set of limitations. Thus, detection methods that combine non-invasive detection, label-free detection, high sensitivity and high specificity are urgently needed to aid clinical diagnosis. Optical diagnostics and imaging are increasingly being employed in healthcare settings in a variety of sectors. Raman scattering can assess changes in molecular signatures in cancer cells or tissues based on the interaction with vibrational modes of common molecular bonds. Due to the advantages of label-free, strong chemical selectivity, and high sensitivity, Raman scattering, especially coherent Raman scattering microscopy imaging with high spatial resolution, has been widely used in biomedical research. And quantity studies have shown that it has a good application in the detection and diagnosis of bladder can-cer, renal clear cell carcinoma, prostate cancer, and other cancers. In this paper, several nonlinear imaging techniques based on Raman scattering technology are briefly described, including Raman spectroscopy, coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, stimulated Raman scattering, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. And we will discuss the application of these techniques for detecting urologic malignancy. Future research directions are predicted using the advantages and limitations of the aforesaid methodologies in the research. For clinical practice, Raman scattering technology is intended to enable more accurate, rapid, and non-invasive in early diagnosis, intraoperative margins, and pathological grading basis for clinical practice.