Xeroderma pigmentosum variant associated with multiple cancers

A 62-year-old Japanese man with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) variant is reported. The patient had developed at least 6 basal cell carcinomas, a squamous cell carcinoma, and a malignant melanoma on sun-exposed areas, and an atypical carcinoid on the right lung. In vivo phototesting showed a normal response. The minimal erythema dose of ultraviolet B (UVB) was not lowered and no delayed peaking of the erythema reaction was observed. His skin fibroblasts exhibited higher sensitivity to UV irradiation, but a normal level of unscheduled DNA and RNA synthesis. Cell fusions with XP group A, C, D, E, F, and G cells after UV irradiation were all complemented. Previous reports together with this case suggest that older XP variant patients have a high frequency of not only skin cancers, but also internal malignancies.     

Multiple cutaneous fibrous histiocytomas in association with systemic lupus erythematosus

Cutaneous fibrous histiocytomas are usually regarded as superficial lesions and commonly known as dermatofibromas; however, unusual cases histologically showing fibrohistiocytic proliferation extending into the deeper dermis or subcutaneous tissues are occasionally experienced. Some authors propose this type as benign fibrous histiocytoma of the skin, distinct from dermatofibroma. We describe herein a case of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who developed multiple nodules on the face, trunk and extremities. The nodule on the forehead did not present a typical clinical appearance of dermatofibroma, and histopathological examination showed fibrohistiocytic proliferation with a storiform pattern extending into the deep dermis and subcutaneous tissues. By contrast, histology of the nodule on the abdomen showed fibrohistiocytic proliferation confined to the dermis and compatible with dermatofibroma. Although multiple dermatofibromas are occasionally seen in patients with SLE, benign fibrous histiocytoma of the skin showing deeper invasion than dermatofibroma is rarely associated with SLE.     

Familiäres Auftreten einer segmentalen Typ‐2‐Manifestation der kutanen Leiomyomatose

Background: There are several malignant or benign skin diseases which can be explained by the phenomenon of mosaicism or segmental manifestation, e. g. segmental neurofibromatosis 1 or cutaneous leiomyomatosis. Loss of heterozygosity is a crucial element for segmental manifestations. Two types of segmental manifestations can be defined in autosomal dominant skin diseases such as cutaneous leiomyomatosis. Type 1 is caused by a novel postzygotic segmental mutation; type 2 reflects an additional postzygotic loss of heterozygosity of the gene locus responsible for cutaneous leiomyomatosis in a initially heterozygous embryo. Loss of heterozygosity is a genetic process when a heterozygous cell becomes homozygous or hemizygous by loosing the corresponding wild‐type allele. This phenomenon can be regarded as a precondition for tumor growth. In type‐2 cases, the segmental manifestation is more distinctive with additional disseminated disease because of a germline mutation with heterozygosity of all somatic cells outside the strongly affected area. Patients and Methods: A 74‐year‐old female patient and her 52‐year‐old son presented with segmental leiomyomas following the lines of Blaschko as well as disseminated skin tumors. The woman has undergone hysterectomy at the age of 29 because of multiple uterine leiomyomas, as had her mother and grandmother. Results: Based on their typical clinical appearance, these cases represent the rare familial occurrence of type‐2 manifestation of leiomyomas which indicates a postzygotic loss of the wild‐type allele. Conclusion: Very unusual is the familial occurrence in mother and son of this type‐2 manifestation of cutaneous leiomyomatosis. Apparently the gene locus is prone to a postzygotic loss of heterozygosity.     

多重细菌感染性眼病病原学分析

目的回顾性分析眼科细菌培养中多重病原菌的分布及变化。设计回顾性研究。研究对象眼部细菌培养标本。方法对北京同仁医院眼科1994～2004年眼部7786份标本进行细菌分离培养，对多重感染的标本培养结果进行回顾性分析。主要指标多重细菌培养阳性率、病原菌眼部分布情况及其耐药性。结果细菌培养阳性者1966株，其中多重感染者393株（患者191例）（20．0％）。在多重感染者中，革蓝阳性与阴性球菌分别占51．7％、6．1％；革蓝阳性与阴性杆菌分别占23．4％、18．8％。在多重感染者中，表皮葡萄球菌占首位（23．6％），其次为棒状杆菌属（21．8％）。眼部多重感染者多数为2种细菌的感染（94．8％），少数为3种或3种以上细菌感染。多重细菌感染的标本分布为结膜占54．5％，角膜占19、4％，玻璃体及房水占6．3％，泪器及其他部位占19．8％。儿童占27．8％，成年人占52．9％，老年人占19．3％。393株培养阳性细菌对氧氟沙星、环丙沙星、庆大霉素及妥布霉素的敏感率分别为78．6％、78．2％、72．0％及62．2％。结论多重细菌感染者以两种细菌同时感染为主，多数菌株对氧氟沙星和环丙沙星敏感。（眼科，2007，16：55-58）     

A case of multiple disseminated eruptive Spitz nevi

Spitz nevus is usually a solitary lesion. However, multiple Spitz nevi do arise and can be divided into two variants, agminated (grouped) or disseminated. We report an interesting case of multiple disseminated eruptive Spitz nevi with an unusual feature. The appearance of most of the nevi resembled that of melanocytic nevi, and clinically it was impossible to distinguish these multiple disseminated eruptive Spitz nevi from eruptive melanocytic one.     

做好严重创伤早期救治的几个关键环节

做好严重创伤早期救治的各个环节对提高创伤救治的整体水平具有非常重要的意义.应尽量缩短院前时间,做好院前急救的各项措施;充分发挥绿色通道的作用;处理好检诊和早期手术的关系;掌握多发伤的伤情特点和救治程序,做好多专业的合作;救治过程中优先处理危及生命的损伤;合理应用损害控制技术.     

多发性骨髓瘤抗原致敏树突状细胞介导的体外抗瘤活性

目的：探讨多发性骨髓瘤KM3细胞株冻融抗原和弱酸洗脱抗原肽负载树突状细胞（DC）后诱导的特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTL）对KM3细胞的杀瘤作用。方法：联合GM-CSF,IL-4和TNF-α,体外诱导单核细胞生成DC,并使其致敏KM3特异性冻融抗原或酸洗脱抗原,然后与自体T淋巴细胞共同培养3d,生成特异性CTL,并采用MTT法检测其对KM3细胞的杀伤率。结果：在细胞因子作用下,体外培养的外周血单个核细胞可诱导分化为成熟的DC;应用KM3肿瘤抗原致敏DC,诱导生成的CTL对KM3肿瘤细胞具有较强的杀伤效应。结论：KM3冻融抗原和酸洗脱抗原激发的DC与自体T淋巴细胞孵育能诱生抗KM3细胞特异性CTL。     

Immunomodulatory active compounds from Tinospora cordifolia

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Tinospora cordifolia mentioned as “Rasayana” is extensively used in various herbal preparations for the treatment of different ailments for its general tonic, antiperiodic, antispasmodic, antiinflammatory, antiarthritic, antiallergic and antidiabetic properties. It is extensively used in Ayurveda due to its potential in improving the immune system and the body resistance against infections.

Aim of the study

The aim of the study was to isolate and characterise the immunomodulatory active compounds of Tinospora cordifolia.

Materials and methods

The immunomodulatory activity of different extracts, fractions and isolated compounds in relation to phagocytosis and reactive oxygen species production in human neutrophil cells have been investigated using the PMN phagocytic function studies, NBT, NO and chemiluminescence assay.

Results

The results obtained indicate that ethyl acetate, water fractions and hot water extract exhibited significant immunomodulatory activity with an increase in percentage phagocyctosis. Chromatographic purification of these fraction led to the isolation of a mixture of two compounds 2, 3 isolated for the first time from natural source and five known compounds 1, 4–7 which were characterized as 11-hydroxymustakone (2), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (3), N-formylannonain (1), cordifolioside A (4), magnoflorine (5), tinocordiside (6), syringin (7) by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) and comparing the spectral data with reported one. Cordifolioside A and syringin have been reported to possess immunomodulatory activity. Other five compounds showed significant enhancement in phagocytic activity and increase in nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species generation at concentration 0.1–2.5 μg/ml.

Conclusions

Seven immunomodulatory active compounds belonging to different classes have been isolated and characterised indicating that the immunomodulatory activity of Tinospora cordifolia may be attributed to the synergistic effect of group of compounds.     

白藜芦醇对KBv200细胞多药耐药逆转作用的研究

目的 探讨白藜芦醇对人口咽腔上皮癌KBv200耐药细胞株的多药耐药逆转作用及可能的逆转机制.方法 采用四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法检测KBv200耐药细胞中白藜芦醇对长春新碱、多柔比星和紫杉醇的逆转倍数,流式细胞仪检测细胞的凋亡情况,应用反转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和蛋白质印迹法(Western blot)检测每组KBv200细胞中肿瘤多药耐药相关基因1(multidrug resistance 1,MDR1)和B细胞淋巴瘤基因2(Bcl-2)mRNA和蛋白水平的表达.结果 白藜芦醇对化疗药物具有协同增效作用,显著逆转KBv200耐药性.200 umol/L白藜芦醇对长春新碱、紫杉醇和多柔比星(阿霉素)的逆转倍数达到77.1、61.3和5.9.白藜芦醇能显著降低Bcl-2、MDR1mRNA和蛋白的表达,100 umol/L、200 umol/L白藜芦醇处理组与未加白藜芦醇组的MDR1、Bcl-2mRNA表达差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为2.98、3.51和3.12、4.56,P值均<0.05).结论 白藜芦醇对口咽腔上皮癌耐药细胞具有耐药逆转作用,该逆转作用可能是通过降低耐药基因表达、促进细胞凋亡实现的.     

Characterization of the polysensitized patient: a matched case–control study

Background: Polysensitization ( ≥ 3 contact allergies) may be regarded as a special entity in patients with contact allergies. However, this group of polysensitized patients is poorly characterized. Filaggrin mutations are associated with atopic eczema and lead to impaired skin barrier which may predispose to contact allergy. Therefore, it is of interest to consider atopic eczema and contact allergies, especially in patients with multiple allergies.
Objective: To characterize polysensitized patients regarding occurrence, duration and course of dermatitis, and examine potential risk factors for polysensitization, including atopic eczema.
Methods: A questionnaire case–control study of 562 polysensitized and 1124 single/double-sensitized individuals was performed.
Results: The results show that 45% of polysensitized and 31% of single/double-sensitized patients had or had had atopic eczema, and atopic eczema was identified as a risk factor for polysensitization. Patients with leg ulcer constituted only a minor part of the polysensitized group and leg ulcers were not identified as a risk factor for polysensitization in this study. The influence of contact allergies on duration and course of disease diverged between the group of patients with atopic eczema and the group without atopic eczema.
Conclusion: Patients with atopic eczema were overrepresented in the group of polysensitized patients and polysensitized patients should be viewed in the light of occurrence or lack of atopic eczema.