超声内镜联合CT对胃间质瘤的临床诊断价值

目的:评价超声内镜联合C T对胃间质瘤(gastric stromal tumors,GST)的临床诊断价值.方法:胃镜检查发现胃隆起性病变的病例同时行超声内镜及CT检查,将超声内镜和CT检查的诊断结果与手术后组织病理检查结果进行对比.结果:27例胃黏膜下隆起性病变中,直径<3cm为11例,超声内镜诊断率为85.2%,CT诊断率为62.7%;直径为3-5cm为9例,超声内镜诊断率为68.4%,CT诊断率为76.2%;直径>5cm为7例,超声内镜诊断率为59.2%,CT诊断率为83.7%,同时行超声内镜及CT检查诊断率为95.3%.结论:超声内镜联合CT检查是胃间质瘤的最佳诊断方法.     

血液标志物与胰腺外炎症CT评分对急性胰腺炎严重性早期预测的比较

目的:比较血液标志物及胰腺外炎症CT评分(extrapancreatic inflammation on CT score,EPIC)对急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis,AP)严重性的早期预测价值.方法:对2010-09/2011-09住院的96例AP患者首个24h内的临床、实验室及CT资料进行分析.临床上重症急性胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP)的标准为:死亡或持续器官衰竭及/或入住ICU,及/或手术治疗.对重症急性胰腺炎组及轻症急性胰腺炎(mild acute pancreatitis,MAP)组患者血液标志物及胰腺外炎症CT评分进行t检验,血液标志物及EPIC预测AP严重性的相关性检验及预测AP严重性的ROC分析,并计算预测敏感性、阳性预测值及准确度.结果:MAP76例,SAP20例.重症患者的血液标志物及胰腺外炎症CT评分均明显较轻症患者的大[白细胞:(15.16±5.06)×109/Lvs(11.05±1.76)×109/L,中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值:18.95±12.13vs6.63±3.44,高敏C-反应蛋白:58.35mg/L±20.47mg/Lvs28.59mg/L±12.92mg/L,D-二聚体:1596.95μg/L±1409.05μg/Lvs412.52μg/L±316.66μg/L,胰腺外炎症CT评分:3.30±0.86vs1.50±0.96,P=0.000].白细胞、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值、高敏C-反应蛋白、D-二聚体及胰腺外炎症CT评分与AP严重性的Spearman相关系数(rs)分别为0.419、0.571、0.568、0.434及0.61(P=0.000).白细胞、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值、高敏C-反应蛋白、D-二聚体及胰腺外炎症CT评分对AP严重性预测的曲线下面积分别为0.798(0.670-0.925)、0.906(0.830-0.981)、0.904(0.838-0.970)、0.808(0.638-0.938)以及0.917(0.851-0.983);预测敏感性分别为70.00%、85.00%、85.00%、75.00%及85.00%;阳性预测值分别为58.33%、73.91%、51.52%、48.39%及72.00%;预测准确度分别为83.33%、90.63%、80.21%、78.13%及90.63%.结论:白细胞及D-二聚体对AP严重性的预测价值中等,中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值、高敏C-反应蛋白及胰腺外炎症CT评分的预测价值较高,其中中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值和胰腺外炎症CT评分预测的准确度最高,胰腺外炎症CT评分与AP严重性的相关系数最大,其预测AP严重性的受试者曲线下面积最大.     

肺癌患者介入治疗前后血液学肿瘤标志物与CT影像学检测的变化

目的探讨肺癌患者介入治疗前后血液学相关肿瘤标志物与CT影像学检测的变化。方法原发性肺癌患者40例,均采用介入治疗,介入前后进行肿瘤标志物与CT影像学相关指标检测并进行疗效评价。结果经过治疗后,40例患者有效率为32.5%。不同疗效分组治疗前肿瘤标志物水平无显著差异(P>0.05)。治疗后PR组SCC、CEA、NSE及VEGF明显减低(P<0.05),而NC+PD组CEA及VEGF明显升高(P<0.05)。CT影像学检测显示肺动脉AT下降、AC增加明显,EDV流速明显减低,治疗前后有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论介入治疗具有比较好的临床效果,可以明显改变血液学肿瘤标志物相关指标与CT影像学指标。     

艾滋病合并肺结核35例CT征象分析

目的 分析艾滋病合并肺结核35例患者的临床资料及CT征象分析,总结其CT影像特点,提高对艾滋病合并肺结核的影像诊断水平.方法 收集35例艾滋病合并肺结核患者的临床资料及CT征象,分析和探讨艾滋病合并肺结核的CT特点.结果 艾滋病合并肺结核患者,其临床症状重,但胸部影像表现多不典型:(1)双肺不典型血播多见,表现为双肺弥漫粟粒结节影并广泛间质增厚,部分融合成小片状.(2)1～2个肺段的片团状实变多见,出现干酪坏死少见.(3)双肺毛玻璃影多见.(4)合并多浆膜腔积液(双侧胸腔积液及心包积液)多见.(5)空洞少见.结论 艾滋病合并肺结核的临床表现不典型,CT表现有一定特点,早期临床医生应该高度重视,提高其诊断率.     

100例煤工尘肺的胸部X线与CT征象分析

目的 探讨X线胸片与CT在煤工尘肺的诊断价值.方法 分析我院1998年至今资料完整的煤工尘肺患者的X线胸片及CT片.结果 在单纯性煤工尘肺及尘肺合并肺癌的诊断上,CT都优于X线胸片.结论 特别是尘肺合并肺癌的病例,需要CT与X线胸片相结合,以提高诊断的准确性.     

非酒精性脂肪肝与冠脉病变关系的研究

目的探讨非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFLD）与冠脉病变的关系。方法广东省人民医院2009年12月1日至2011年12月1日行冠脉CT发现冠脉病变的患者142例,所有患者同时行肝脏超声,体格检查及相关血清学检测。其中合并NAFLD者57例作为观察组,不合并NAFLD者85例作为对照组。比较两组冠心病（CHD,一支或一支以上主要冠状动脉狭窄〉50％）发生率,非钙化及钙化斑块发生率,代谢综合征（MS）及其具体组分的发生率,以及相关血清学指标的变化;其后用二分类Logistic回归分析冠心病的危险因素,评价NAFLD在其中的地位。结果NAFLD组冠脉狭窄达CHD标准者,非钙化和钙化斑块发生率均比对照组明显升高,分别为53％vs13％（P〈0．01）,44％VS27％（P〈0．05）,53％vs34％（P〈0．05）;MS发生率也较对照组明显高（49％vs19％,P〈0．01）,有明显差异的具体指标包括HOMA—IR（3．06vs2．75,P〈0．05）,BMI（32．1vs27．5,P〈0．05）,TRIG（5．62vs4．28,P〈0．01）,ALT（47．2vs34．6,P〈0．01）,HS—CRP（12．02vs6．46,P〈0．01）;对CHD患者进行危险因素分析,影响因子由高到低依次为NAFLD,MS,TRIG,CRP,ALT（OR分别为31．21,14．02,2．54,1．85,1．08）。结论在冠脉CT发现冠脉病变的患者中,NAFLD患者的冠脉病变比非NAFLD患者更严重及活动度更高,一方面表现为更易伴发影响冠脉病变的疾病及危险因素,另一方面在排除其他因素影响后,NAFLD仍对冠脉病变有独立的影响。     

256层螺旋CT三维血管成像与三维DSA诊断颅内动脉瘤的对比分析

目的对比256层螺旋CT三维血管成像（3D．CTA）与三维数字减影血管造影（3D-DSA）诊断颅内动脉瘤的价值。方法回顾性分析46例就诊时临床表现疑似为蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）或MR血管成像检查怀疑为颅内动脉瘤的患者,全部行头颈联合3D-CTA及3D-DSA检查,两名影像科医师使用盲法独立判读所有患者的3D-CTA图像,3D．DSA的图像由1名从事血管介入的神经科医师和1名介入影像科医师共同判读确定。以3D-DSA检出动脉瘤的数目为标准,评估3D-CTA的敏感性、特异性以及两名3D-CTA阅片者、3D-CTA与3D-DSA技术之间,在动脉瘤检出数量的一致性;测量动脉瘤瘤体最大径,以3D．DSA图像测量值为标准,比较两名3D-CTA阅片者用3D．CTA容积重建图像测量瘤体最大径的差异以及3D-CTA容积重建与3D-DSA图像在瘤体最大径测量上的差异。结果3D-DSA对46例患者中的37例共检出49个动脉瘤,其余9例未被发现动脉瘤。①3D-CTA在检出动脉瘤数目方面的敏感性为91．8％-93．9％,特异性为77．8-100％。②对〈3mm的动脉瘤,3D-CTA的敏感性均为83．3％,特异性为77．8％-100％。③从动脉瘤的检出率方面,3D-CTA阅片者以及3D．CTA与3D．DSA技术之间一致性均较高（分别为K=0．730,K=0．686-0．777）。④两名医师采用3D-CTA法测量的瘤体最大径与3D-DSA法的测量值,以及两名医师的3D-CTA测量值之间均存在高度相关性,均r值=0．996,均P值〈0．001。结论256层螺旋CT3D-CTA对动脉瘤检出的敏感性和特异性均较高,3D-CTA对动脉瘤的检出率和瘤体最大径测量与3D-DSA一致性较高,可以作为疑似动脉瘤患者的首选筛查方法。但其对瘤体最大径〈3mm的动脉瘤仍有假阴性的表现。在高度怀疑动脉瘤而3D-CTA结果显示为阴性时,仍需进一步行3D-DSA检查。     

Metabolic disturbances identified by SPECT-CT in patients with a clinical diagnosis of sacroiliac joint incompetence

Purpose

To establish the sensitivity and specificity of cross-sectional scintigraphy [single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)] combined with computed X-ray tomography (CT) in the detection of sacroiliac joint (SIJ) mechanical dysfunction and evaluate reproducibility of reporting.

Methods

Patients with pelvic girdle pain either on the basis of peri-partum SIJ dysfunction or trauma were included. These patients were imaged with bone scintigraphy with hybrid imaging with SPECT/CT.

Results

The study group comprised 100 patients (72 females, 28 males). Trauma accounted for 52 % and the remainder were patients with peri-partum pain. Average age was 43 years and average length of history was >2 years. The major finding was increased uptake in the upper SIJ and posterior soft-tissues/ligaments. Hybrid imaging had a sensitivity of 95 % and specificity of 99 %. Positive predictive value was 99 % and negative predictive value 94 %. Power of the test was 1.0. Reproducibility of the test was good with kappa values of 0.85.

Conclusion

Hybrid imaging with SPECT/CT reproducibly demonstrates metabolic alterations around the SIJ in patients with SIJ dysfunction, which we have termed SIJ incompetence. The condition is more common than previously recognised and frequently occurs after trauma, which has not been reported previously.     

A clinical morphologic study of the C2 pedicle and isthmus

Purpose

This anatomic, radiographic study investigated locational differences in the C2 pedicle and isthmus [pediculoisthmic component (PIC)] and characterized its narrowest section for clinical application in posterior C2 screw fixation.

Methods

Structures surrounding the transverse foramina of 30 dry C2s and 10 C3s were compared morphologically. Spinal CT scans of 32 Chinese adults were subjected to volume rendering and multiplanar reconstruction to identify the narrowest C2 PIC, and correlative parameters were measured and analyzed.

Results

Inferior C2 and C3 structures were morphologically similar. In superior view, the C2 superior facets lay on the transverse foramen and the upper portion between superior and inferior facets was flat (average mediolateral angle, 11.1° ± 2.4°). In inferior view, the posteroinferomedial portion of the C2 transverse foramen displayed a partially tubular structure (average mediolateral angle of projection, 42.6° ± 4.9°). Average height and width were 11.6 and 6.9 mm. The inner medullary cavity was elliptical and the middle site of endosteal diameter was 3.3 ± 1.9 mm. Medial internal cortical bone was significantly thicker than lateral bone (P < 0.01).

Conclusions

The PIC is located between superior and inferior C2 facets. The superior flat area is the isthmus and the inferomedial area connecting the inferior facet and vertebral body is the pedicle. The pedicle is partially tubular and projects posteromedially to the transverse foramen. The narrowest PIC section is the narrowest point of the C2 pedicle. Considering its thin lateral cortical bone, medial and superior pedicle screw placement and preoperative CT reconstruction are recommended.     

CT angiography of anterior spinal artery in cervical spondylotic myelopathy

Purpose

To identify anterior spinal artery (ASA) infarct or occlusion by CT angiography (CTA) in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM).

Methods

Fourteen patients with CSM were performed CTA of ASA after admission. T2-weighted hyperintensity of MR image was compared with image of CTA of ASA.

Results

All patients presented spinal canal sagittal diameter compression from 10 to 80 % and different T2-weighted hyperintensity of MR images. No ASA infarct or occlusion was found in CSM patients.

Conclusion

ASA infarct or occlusion is not commonly seen in CSM patients with spinal canal sagittal diameter compression less than 80 %. Pathological changes about T2-weighted hyperintensity of MR image in CSM have no close correlation with ASA infarct.