Incomplete colonoscopy: Maximizing completion rates of gastroenterologists

BACKGROUND

Cecal intubation is one of the goals of a quality colonoscopy; however, many factors increasing the risk of incomplete colonoscopy have been implicated. The implications of missed pathology and the demand on health care resources for return colonoscopies pose a conundrum to many physicians. The optimal course of action after incomplete colonoscopy is unclear.

OBJECTIVES:

To assess endoscopic completion rates of previously incomplete colonoscopies, the methods used to complete them and the factors that led to the previous incomplete procedure.

METHODS:

All patients who previously underwent incomplete colonoscopy (2005 to 2010) and were referred to St Paul’s Hospital (Vancouver, British Columbia) were evaluated. Colonoscopies were re-attempted by a single endoscopist. Patient charts were reviewed retrospectively.

RESULTS:

A total of 90 patients (29 males) with a mean (± SD) age of 58±13.2 years were included in the analysis. Thirty patients (33%) had their initial colonoscopy performed by a gastroenterologist. Indications for initial colonoscopy included surveillance or screening (23%), abdominal pain (15%), gastrointestinal bleeding (29%), change in bowel habits or constitutional symptoms (18%), anemia (7%) and chronic diarrhea (8%). Reasons for incomplete colonoscopy included poor preparation (11%), pain or inadequate sedation (16%), tortuous colon (30%), diverticular disease (6%), obstructing mass (6%) and stricturing disease (10%). Reasons for incomplete procedures in the remaining 21% of patients were not reported by the referring physician. Eighty-seven (97%) colonoscopies were subsequently completed in a single attempt at the institution. Seventy-six (84%) colonoscopies were performed using routine manoeuvres, patient positioning and a variable-stiffness colonoscope (either standard or pediatric). A standard 160 or 180 series Olympus gastroscope (Olympus, Japan) was used in five patients (6%) to navigate through sigmoid diverticular disease; a pediatric colonoscope was used in six patients (7%) for similar reasons. Repeat colonoscopy on the remaining three patients (3%) failed: all three required surgery for strictures (two had obstructing malignant masses and one had a severe benign obstructing sigmoid diverticular stricture).

CONCLUSION:

Most patients with previous incomplete colonoscopy can undergo a successful repeat colonoscopy at a tertiary care centre with instruments that are readily available to most gastroenterologists. Other modalities for evaluation of the colon should be deferred until a second attempt is made at an expert centre.     

肝脏影像学检查在土三七引起的肝小静脉闭塞性疾病中的诊断价值

目的探讨肝脏影像学改变在肝小静脉闭塞性疾病(HVOD)患者诊断中的价值。方法对45例HVOD患者临床表现、肝脏影像学检查及肝穿刺组织学变化进行分析。结果 45例患者肝脏超声检查有28例患者可见"斑片状"或"豹纹状"低回声区;CT检查均有"地图状"密度改变,肝脏MRI T1WI均呈大片状低信号,T2WI信号呈略高信号,增强后呈"地图状"不均匀强化。肝脏超声诊断HVOD符合率62.2%(28/45);肝脏CT、MRI诊断HVOD符合率100%,二者差异有统计学意义(χ2=15.06,P<0.05)。21例作肝组织穿刺确诊的HVOD患者,检查均显示肝脏有"地图状"的高、低密度改变。结论肝脏CT、MRI诊断HVOD较肝脏超声检查有更高敏感性和特异性。肝脏CT、MRI可替代肝穿刺组织学检查诊断HVOD。     

血浆白三烯-B4浓度与冠状动脉斑块相关性的临床研究

目的通过测定不同类型冠心病患者血浆白三烯-B4(LT-B4)的水平,探讨其与冠心病(CHD)及冠状动脉病变的关系。方法入选400例患者,冠心病组310例,其中急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)组217例,稳定性心绞痛(SAP)组93例,对照组90例。检测患者外周血浆LT-B4浓度。同时经选择性冠状动脉造影检查,明确冠状动脉病变情况。CHD组中85例患者接受64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像检查,对冠状动脉内的主要斑块进行评价。结果冠心病组LT-B4水平明显高于对照组(t=12.365,P<0.05),ACS组LT-B4水平又明显高于SAP组(t=7.664,P<0.05)。随冠状动脉病变类型和冠状动脉病变程度的加重,LT-B4浓度逐渐升高;CHD患者的软斑块组、纤维斑块组较钙化斑块组血浆LT-B4浓度明显升高,差异有统计学意义;逐步回归分析表明LT-B4浓度与冠状动脉病变Gensini评分有显著相关性。结论 ACS患者白三烯-B4水平增高,并与冠脉病变的严重性明显正相关,血浆白三烯-B4检测结合64层螺旋CT测定能否提高判断ACS患者冠状动脉斑块性质的准确性,对ACS的诊断及对冠脉病变的判断有一定的预测作用。     

螺旋CT血管成像在肺动静脉畸形诊断中的应用

目的探讨多层螺旋CT肺血管成像在肺动静脉畸形(PAVM)中的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析7例PAVM患者的多层螺旋CT三维肺血管成像的影像表现,1例为多发,6例单发。2例经手术证实,5例经其他影像学及随访证实。结果 7例PAVM患者均清晰显示瘤体形态、大小、位置以及供血动脉、引流静脉数目、走行、直径。单纯型4例,复杂型2例,弥漫型1例。结论多层螺旋CT肺血管成像可以明确PAVM的瘤体、供血动脉、引流静脉的空间关系和解剖细节,可作为PAVM的首选检查和随访方法。     

320排CT头颈联合扫描评价颈动脉血运重建术前后脑血流动力学变化

目的:采用320排CT头颈联合多参数扫描模式,对拟行颈动脉血运重建术的患者进行扫描,探讨颈动脉狭窄解除与脑灌注参数改善间的关系,并进一步探讨脑血流动力学改变,对血运重建术前不同类型患者选择的意义。方法:30例经超声证实颈动脉狭窄并拟行颈动脉血运重建术的患者,分别于术前及术后2w内进行320排CT头颈联合多参数扫描,对颈动脉狭窄程度及脑灌注各参数相对值进行分析。参数包括相对脑血流量(rCBF)、相对脑血容量(rCBV)、相对平均通过时间(rMTT)、相对达峰时间(rTTP)及相对延迟时间(rDelay)。由2名有经验的放射科医生分别根据脑灌注成像结果,将患者定性分为双侧大脑半球灌注对称组12例、双侧大脑半球灌注不对称组18例。结果:颈动脉血运重建术后患侧rTTP及rDelay较术前改善,其余灌注参数手术前后的差异无统计学意义。根据术前脑灌注状态不同,对术前患者进一步分层研究,术前灌注对称组,术后患侧脑灌注各参数数值改善不明显;术前灌注不对称组,术后rCBV、rMTT、rTTP及rDelay较前改善。结论:320排CT头颈联合多参数扫描模式,可以全面地显示颈动脉血运重建术前后,颈动脉狭窄的形态学改变,及其所导致的患侧供血区血流动力学的改变,为患者术前评价、治疗方案的选择及术后疗效的观察提供依据。     

双气囊小肠镜在小肠克罗恩病中的诊断价值研究

目的 探讨双气囊小肠镜在小肠克罗恩病(CD)诊断中的价值.方法 回顾性总结141例临床怀疑小肠CD行双气囊小肠镜检查患者的临床资料,以病理诊断结合内镜表现和临床随访结果为最终诊断结果,对比分析小肠CD双气囊小肠镜、CT小肠成像以及胶囊内镜的检出率和确诊率.结果 双气囊小肠镜检出小肠CD 128例,检出率为90.8％( 128/141),最终经病理及临床随访确诊126例,确诊率为98.4％ (126/128);CT小肠成像检出小肠CD 19例,检出率为76.0％( 19/25),最终经病理及临床随访确诊17例,确诊率为89.5％ (17/19);胶囊内镜镜检出小肠CD 15例,检出率为60.0％( 15/25),最终经病理及临床随访确诊14例,确诊率为93.3％ (14/15).双气囊小肠镜组小肠CD检出率和确诊率均高于胶囊内镜和CT小肠成像.结论 双气囊小肠镜在小肠CD诊断中具有较好的应用价值,对存在内镜检查禁忌证者CT小肠成像可作为首选辅助检查手段.     

小覆盖范围CT灌注成像对急性大脑中动脉供血区脑卒中的评价

目的探讨用较小扫描范围的CT灌注成像检查对急性大脑中动脉供血区脑卒中的诊断效能。方法回顾性分析急诊接治的22例连续脑卒中患者,均在发病1～24 h行CT平扫和CT灌注成像检查。应用Z轴80 mm范围灌注参数,得出脑梗死核心区、半暗带的体积。计算半暗带/(半暗带+梗死核心区)比值。根据Z轴长度80 mm的CT灌注结果的治疗方案为基线,将较小覆盖范围获得的结果制定的治疗方案,计算较小范围灌注评价治疗的敏感性与特异性。结果当半暗带/(半暗带+梗死核心区)比值>0.2时,较小覆盖范围应用40 mm范围的CT灌注检查,可以准确评价梗死核心区与半暗带。结论大脑中动脉供血区脑卒中患者,当半暗带/(半暗带+梗死核心区)>0.2时,40 mm的Z轴覆盖范围CT灌注成像能够对病灶的范围与性质做出诊断。