接枝环氧树脂水分散液的合成、分离与表征

控制不同的反应条件,采用甲基丙烯酸、苯乙烯与环氧树脂在丙二醇丁醚/正丁醇溶剂中接枝共聚,合成了粒径在87～104nm范围的环氧树脂水分散液。通过环己烷/乙醇和丙酮两步萃取,对接枝共聚产物进行分离,用FTIR表征,并估算了接枝共聚物的组成。实验结果表明,所制备的粒径为纳米级的环氧树脂水分散液,具有良好的机械稳定性、冻融稳定性及贮存稳定性。ξ电位测定表明,产物在pH>8的条件下更为稳定。     

联合应用口服水剂和水灌肠肠道充盈法的MSCT研究

目的：评价口服水剂、水灌肠及两者联合应用充盈肠道后,使用MSCT显示成人正常肠道的能力。材料和方法：将43名非肠道病变志愿者分别采用口服水剂法(21例)、水灌肠法(12例)、双重法(口服水剂和水灌肠联合应用,10例)充盈肠道,然后行MSCT平扫和增强扫描并进行图像重建,对小肠和大肠各肠段充盈状态进行评价。结果：口服水剂法回肠充盈良好,水灌肠法大肠充盈良好,双重法回肠及大肠均充盈良好。口服水剂法小肠充盈优于水灌肠法,与双重法无显著差异,大肠充盈状态水灌肠法明显优于口服水剂法,与双重法无显著差异。结论：口服水剂和水灌肠联合应用可以在MSCT同时较好地充盈显示小肠和大肠,而两种方法单独使用则仅能分别充盈显示小肠和大肠,需要根据显示目的选择相应的充盈方法。     

Bronchial response to breathing dry gas at 3.7 MPa ambient pressure

In diving, pulmonary mechanical function is limited by the increased density of the gas breathed. Breathing cold and dry gas may cause an additional increase in airways resistance. We have measured forced vital capacity, forced expired volume in 1 s (FEV₁) and forced midexpiratory flow rate (FEF_25%–75%) before and after breathing dry or humid gas at 29–32°C during a standardized exercise intensity on a cycle ergometer at an ambient pressure of 3.7 MPa. The atmosphere was a helium and oxygen mixture with a density of 6.8 kg · m^–3. Six professional saturation divers aged 26–37 years participated in the study. There were no significant differences in convective respiratory heat loss between the exposures. The mean evaporative heat loss was 67 W (range 59–89) breathing dry gas and 37 W (range 32–43) breathing humid gas, corresponding to water losses of 1.7 g · min^–1 (range 1.5–2.2) and 0.9 g · min^–1 (range 0.8–1.1), respectively. There was a significant reduction in FEV₁ of 4.6 (SD 3.6)% (P<0.05), and in FEF_25%–75% of 5.8 (SD 4.7)% (P<0.05) after breathing dry gas. There were no changes after breathing humid gas. By warming and humidifying the gas breathed in deep saturation diving bronchoconstriction may be prevented.     

人参银杏合剂对模拟海拔8000米低氧大鼠的保护作用研究

目的 :研究人参银杏合剂对模拟海拔 80 0 0米低氧大鼠脑组织及血液内丙二酰二甲醛 (MDA)、乳酸含量的影响 ,并探讨其机理。方法 :用成年 SD大白鼠随机分为常氧对照组 (NC组 ) ,急性低氧组 (AH组 ) ,人参银杏合剂加低氧组 (GH组 ) ;分别测定各组的脑含水量、脑组织和血液 MDA和乳酸的含量。结果 :(1)与 NC组相比 ,AH组的脑含水量明显增高 (P<0 .0 1) ,GH组脑含水量较 AH组显著降低 (P<0 .0 5 )。(2 ) AH组脑组织匀浆和血液 MDA含量明显高于 NC组 (P<0 .0 1) ,GH组的 MDA含量较 AH组显著降低 (P<0 .0 1)。 (3) AH组脑组织匀浆和血液乳酸含量明显高于 NC组 (P<0 .0 1) ,GH组的乳酸含量较 AH组显著降低 (P<0 .0 1)。结论 :人参银杏合剂对高原缺氧脑损伤具有保护作用 ,其机理与其抗氧自由基、与膜脂质过氧化作用、改善细胞能量代谢有关。     

Fast decomposition of water and lipid using a GRASE technique with the IDEAL algorithm.

Three-point Dixon techniques achieve good lipid-water separation by estimating the phase due to field inhomogeneities. Recently it was demonstrated that the combination of an iterative algorithm (iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation (IDEAL)) with a fast spin-echo (FSE) three-point Dixon method yielded robust lipid-water decomposition. As an alternative to FSE, the gradient- and spin-echo (GRASE) technique has been developed for efficient data collection. In this work we present a method for lipid-water separation by combining IDEAL with the GRASE technique. An approach to correct for errors in the lipid-water decomposition caused by phase distortions due to the switching of the readout gradient polarities inherent to GRASE is presented. The IDEAL-GRASE technique is demonstrated in phantoms and in vivo for various applications, including pelvic, musculoskeletal, and (breath-hold) cardiac imaging.     

2006年新疆且末县饮水氟砷及地方性氟中毒调查报告

目的 了解新疆且末县生活饮用水氟、砷含量及地方性氟中毒(下简称地氟)病情. 方法 2006年5～9月对且末县30个行政村饮用水氟含量和15个行政村水砷含量进行了筛查,对20个行政村降氟、降砷改水工程使用情况进行了调查及水氟、水砷含量检测;地方性氟中毒病情检查3 164人,其中8～12岁学生检查1 242人,成人检查1 922人.结果 且末县56.3%地下水水氟含量偏高,水砷不高,儿童氟斑牙率40.41%. 结论 新疆且末县尚有部分居民患地氟病,应引起重视.     

氨乙基氨丙基聚二甲基硅氧烷改性水性聚酯型聚氨酯的研究

由聚酯二元醇、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和二羟甲基丙酸合成聚氨酯预聚体，以氨乙基氨丙基聚二甲基硅氧(AEAPS)为扩链剂，制备了AEAPS改性聚氨酯水分散液。与未改性的聚氨酯水分散液相比，AEAPS改性聚氨酯水分散液的粒径增大，但粒径分布和表面张力基本不变，说明疏水的聚二甲基硅氧烷侧链被包裹于分散颗粒的内部；此外，改性聚氨酯水分散液的冻融稳定性显著增强。AEAPS改性聚氨酯水分散液成膜后，吸水率明显下降，水在膜表面的接触角增加，400℃时热失重下降，具有良好的疏水性和耐热性。     

富氧水防治急性高原病的效果观察

目的:观察饮用富氧水防治急性高原病的效果。方法:36名受试者自海拔1400m驻地乘汽车2天到达海拔3700m当日随机分两组,实验组(18人)口服5%葡萄糖注射液制成的富氧水,对照组(18人)口服5%葡萄糖注射液,均每次500mL,一日2次,直至进入海拔5200m某哨卡第6天,共服液8天。以军用卫生标准GJB1098-91"急性高原反应的诊断和处理原则"随访记录受试者进入哨卡第2天、4天、6天急性高原反应症状,然后分度与评分。同时检测血氧饱和度(SaO2)和脉率。结果:进驻哨卡第2天和第4天实验组较对照组急性高原反应分值减少,而SaO2增高(P<0.05或P<0.01),进驻哨卡第2天实验组较对照组脉率降低(P<0.05)。结论:饮用富氧水有防治急性高原病的效果。     

正确饮水与安全用药

目的：探讨服药时饮水量及水的成分对所服药物的影响。方法：通过文献查阅和总结．对服药时需多饮水的药物、服药时需少饮水及不需饮水的药物、服药时对水的成分要求分别进行阐述。结果：服药时正确饮水，才能发挥最大治疗作用。结论：药师和医生应重视服药时饮水对疾病治疗的影响，给予患者正确的指导，保证患者用药安全、有效达到预期的治疗目的。     

Tape-stripping method in man: comparison of evaporimetric methods

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: If the occlusion time of a closed chamber evaporimeter on the skin is too long, saturation might occur. We previously compared an open chamber and a closed chamber device on healthy volunteers. Comparable data on stripped skin with higher evaporation rates are not available. This study compares the sensitivity and correlation of open and closed chamber devices in a tape-stripping human model. The amount of tape removed SC was also quantified with a protein assay method. METHODS: Ten healthy volunteers (six male and four female; seven Caucasians and three Asian; mean age 38+/-16) were enrolled. In a randomized manner, one forearm was measured by an open chamber device and the opposite by a closed chamber device. After recording baseline measurements, 20 strippings were taken on each test site with tape disks. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was measured at the end of 10 and 20 tape strippings at each test site. Stratum corneum (SC) aggregates in the strips was assayed. RESULTS: The mean values obtained from two devices were similar after 10 trips and 20 strips. There was no statistically significant difference. The closed chamber device showed a slightly higher (but not significant) inter-individual coefficient of variation. SC aggregates in the strips were similar and without a statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION: The study suggests that both devices might yield similar TEWL values on stripped human skin in vivo.