Utilization of chicken feather hydrolysate as a novel fermentation substrate for production of exopolysaccharide and mycelial biomass from edible mushroom Morchella esculenta

This study was performed to investigate the usability of chicken feather hydrolysate (Chicken feather peptone (CFP)) as substrate for mycelial biomass and extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) production from edible mushroom Morchella esculenta. The ability of CFP to support biomass and EPS production in edible mushroom M. esculenta was compared to those of two commercial peptones (Tryptone peptone (TP) and Fish peptone (FP)). The maximum biomass (16.3 g/l) and EPS (4.8 g/l) concentrations were achieved with TP. Second, high biomass (15.9 g/l) and EPS (4.6 g/l) concentrations were obtained with CFP. Also, biomass and EPS concentrations in CFP medium were statistically near to those in the TP medium. CFP and TP resulted in not only uniform pellets with smaller size (5 mm) but also faster mycelial growth compared to FP. This study showed for the first time that CFP could be effectively used as a novel EPS production substrate.     

海蜇糖胺聚糖提取、纯化及其降血脂作用研究

目的以海蜇为原料,研究海洋软体动物的糖胺聚糖的提取、纯化工艺步骤,优化酶解条件;同时,对其糖胺聚糖的降血脂作用进行初探。方法经多酶水解、醇沉后得海蜇糖胺聚糖粗制品(R-GAG),再经吸附、透析、醇沉及CTAB络合沉淀后得海蜇糖胺聚糖纯化物;动物实验,造高脂血症小鼠模型,灌喂海蜇糖胺聚糖粗品20d后,分别通过LRC法、乙酰丙酮显色法测定小鼠血清总胆固醇和甘油三酯水平。结果海蜇糖胺聚糖粗提工艺中最适酶解条件是:木瓜蛋白酶1.5%,枯草蛋白酶1.5%,酶解5h;动物实验,10 g.kg-1R-GAG灌喂高脂血症小鼠20d后,其血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)水平分别下降为6.83±1.09(P<0.05),4.06±1.28mmol.L-1(P<0.01)。结论经多酶水解得海蜇糖胺聚糖粗制品具有显著的降血脂作用。     

商陆治疗肾病综合征水肿的文献研究

目前由于西药利尿剂效果明显的原因,中医很少再重视峻下逐水药物在肾病水肿治疗的应用,所以对于峻下逐水药物是否仍具有临床应用价值持怀疑态度。鉴于此,笔者提出商陆具有理论和临床研究的意义,初步对历代本草以及古今医家对商陆的认识进行论述。     

α1-Adrenoceptors antagonize activated chloride conductance of amphibian skin epithelium

 The effects of adrenoceptor agonists on the transepithelial Cl^– conductance (G ^Cl) in the skin of several amphibian species, both toads and frogs, were studied. Epinephrine (Epi) from the serosal side selectively and reversibly inhibited the voltage-activated G ^Cl in toad skin and the short-circuit G ^Cl in frog skin. The main effects of activation of the adrenoceptors must reside in the skin epithelium and not in the glands, since measurements were made both from intact skins and split epithelia with essentially the same results. Effective concentrations of Epi were variable among individual tissues. G ^Cl was reduced to 34±17% (n=46) with 1 μmol/l Epi, but in some tissues 0.1 μmol/l inhibited more than 80% of G ^Cl, whereas some preparations were little influenced at >3 μmol/l Epi. The affected receptor type was identified by the use of the α₁-agonist phenylephrine, which mimicked the response of Epi at concentrations above 30 μmol/l, whereas the α₂-agonists xylazine and iodoclonidine had no effect at supramaximal concentrations. Prazosin, a specific α₁-antagonist, reduced or eliminated the inhibition by Epi, but the response pattern suggests a low affinity. The α₂-antagonist yohimbine, at concentrations ≤0.3 μmol/l, had a minimal effect, but reduced the inhibition by Epi at concentrations of 1–10 μmol/l. This might indicate affinity to α₁-adrenoceptors in amphibian skin. Activation of β-adrenoceptors by isoproterenol (0.1–5 μmol/l) led to a transient increase of the baseline inactivated component of G ^Cl with a slight reduction of the voltage-activated G ^Cl at the higher concentrations, but the inhibitory effect of Epi was not altered. Epi, on the other hand, neither prevented nor reversed the induction of a voltage-insensitive G ^Cl in toad skin caused by application of cAMP at supramaximal concentrations (>100 μmol/l CPT-cAMP). Preincubation of the serosal medium with Ca²⁺-free solution (in the presence of 2 mmol/l EGTA) for extended periods of time (>30 min) eliminated the response to Epi. It is concluded that α₁-adrenoceptors participate in the physiological control of voltage-activated Cl^– conductance in amphibian skin epithelium via modulation of intracellular Ca²⁺, presumably by efflux from intracellular stores. Received: 11 March 1998 / Received after revision: 2 June 1998 / Accepted: 8 June 1998     

Effects of Taro (Colocasia esculenta) Water-Soluble Non-Starch Polysaccharide,Lactobacillus acidophilus,Bifidobacterium breve,Bifidobacterium infantis,and Their Synbiotic Mixtures on Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Interleukin-8 Production

In the past decades, the regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine production, including interleukin-8 (IL-8), has been the goal of many targeted therapeutic interventions for Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC), a gastrointestinal disease commonly associated with a very low birth weight in preterm infants. In this study, the ability to regulate the production of IL-8 of the water-soluble non-starch polysaccharide (WS-NSP) from taro corm (Tc-WS-NSP) extracted using a conventional (CE) or improved conventional (ICE) extraction method, of the probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium breve, and Bifidobacterium infantis, and their synbiotic mixtures were evaluated. The TNF-α stimulated HT-29 cells were incubated with undigested or digested Tc-WS-NSPs (CE or ICE), probiotics, and their synbiotic mixtures with Klebsiella oxytoca, an NEC-positive-associated pathogen. Overall, the synbiotic mixtures of digested Tc-WS-NSP-ICE and high bacterial concentrations of L. acidophilus (5.57 × 10⁹), B. breve (2.7 × 10⁸ CFU/mL), and B. infantis (1.53 × 10⁸) demonstrated higher (42.0%, 45.0%, 43.1%, respectively) ability to downregulate IL-8 compared to the sole use of Tc-WS-NSPs (24.5%), or the probiotics L. acidophilus (32.3%), B. breve (37.8%), or B. infantis (33.1%). The ability demonstrated by the Tc-WS-NSPs, the probiotics, and their synbiotics mixtures to downregulate IL-8 production in the presence of an NEC-positive-associated pathogen may be useful in the development of novel prophylactic agents against NEC.     

商陆皂甙甲抑制小鼠巨噬细胞和抗体生成

商陆皂甙甲(EsA)体外在0.01～10μmol·L^-1范围内,对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬中性红和LPS诱导的巨噬细胞合成及释放白介素1都呈明显的抑制作用。体内给药2.5～5mg·kg^-1可显著减少绵羊红细胞致敏的小鼠血清溶血素的含量。提示EsA的抗炎作用可能主要通过抑制巨噬细胞的吞噬和分泌功能。EsA间接作用于B细胞,抑制抗体生成。     

斑鸠菊果实中总黄酮的提取工艺研究

目的：优选斑鸠菊果实中总黄酮的最佳提取工艺。方法：采用分光光度法,通过单因素实验考察乙醇浓度、提取次数、提取时间以及液料比对斑鸠菊果实中总黄酮提取率的影响。结果：最佳提取条件为乙醇浓度70%、提取4次,每次1 h、料液比为1:20。结论：采用最佳提取条件,得到的斑鸠菊果实中总黄酮含量为103.55 mg·g^-1。     

HPLC法测定木薯叶中芦丁的含量

目的:建立测定木薯叶中芦丁含量的方法。方法:采用高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse XDB C18(0.105006～mm0.×046.06mmgm.,m5Lμ-1m范)围,流内动与相峰为面甲积醇积-分0.1值%呈磷良酸好(1的2:线88性),关流系速(为r=10.m99L.9m9)i;n-平1,均检加测样波回长收为率35为4n1m00。.7结2%果,:R芦SD丁=的2.检3%测(浓n=度6)在。结论:本方法操作简便、准确、重复性好,可作为木薯叶中芦丁的含量测定方法。     

商陆中三种新皂甙的分离与鉴定

从商陆科植物商陆(Phytolacca esculenta Van Houtte)中分离得三种新的三萜皂甙,根据化学性质和光谱分析(UV,IR,¹HNMR,¹³CNMR,MS),确定甙Ⅰ为3-O-β-D-吡喃木糖基商陆酸,甙Ⅱ为3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-羟基商陆酸,甙Ⅲ为3-O-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→4)-β-D-吡喃木糖基(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基]-2-羟基商陆酸,分别命名为商陆皂甙O,P,Q。     

一种新型乌贼墨糖胺聚糖的分离纯化、理化性质及其抗氧化活性研究

目的 从金乌贼墨(Sepia esculenta ink)中提取其活性成分乌贼墨多糖。并首次对其理化性质及体外抗氧化活性进行研究。方法 依次用两步酶解法提取乌贼墨粗多糖,用Q Sepharose 4 Fast Flow 阴离子交换层析柱对其进行分离纯化,获得主要组分。通过高效液相(HPLC)、紫外光谱(UV)、红外光谱(IR)、离子色谱法对乌贼墨多糖进行理化性质研究以及初步的结构判定,采用ABTS法对乌贼墨进行总的体外抗氧化活性研究。结果 两步酶解后乌贼墨粗多糖的得率为3%,分离纯化后得到0.05、0.25、0.5 mol/L NaCl三个洗脱组分,分别命名为SE-1、SE-2、SE-3,其中以SE-2为最主要组分,故主要对SE-2进行分析。经过离子交换柱层析,SE-2得率为50%。SE-2主要含有半乳糖胺(GalN)、岩藻糖(Fuc)、葡萄糖胺(GlcN)、乙酰氨基半乳糖(GalNAc)、葡萄糖醛酸(GlcUA)以及甘露糖(Man)等单糖,紫外扫描无蛋白质的特征吸收峰;该多糖为均一性多糖,分子量8.5 kD;SE-2的总糖含量、蛋白质含量、硫酸根含量、氨基己糖含量分别为54.2%、3.92%、7.74%、20.5%;IR光谱进一步证明该糖为SE-2糖胺聚糖,构象为D-吡啶环结构,并有硫酸根的存在;SE-2对ABTS自由基的清除能力较强,其半数清除质量浓度为0.21mg/mL。结论 金乌贼墨多糖SE-2是一种硫酸酯化的新型糖胺聚糖,具有较强的体外抗氧化性活性。