Statement of severe trauma management in France; teachings of the FIRST study

IntroductionThe blunt trauma victim management is still a matter of debate and comparing studies involving different emergency medical services and health care organization remains fictitious. Hence, the French Intensive care Recorded in Severe Trauma (FIRST) was conducted in order to describe the severe blunt trauma management in France. The present paper aimed at recalling the main results of FIRST study.MethodsThe FIRST study was based on a multicenter prospective cohort of patients aged 18 or over with severe exclusive blunt trauma requiring admission to university hospital care unit within the first 72 h and/or managed by medical-Staffed Emergency Mobile Unit (SMUR). Multiple data were collected about patient characteristics, clinical initial status, typology of trauma and the main endpoints were 30-day mortality.ResultsSixty-one percent of trauma patients were road traffic victims and 30% were domestic, sport or leisure trauma. Patients who benefited from medical pre-hospital management were globally more severely injured than those who received basic life support care by fire brigades. Therefore, they were delivered more aggressive treatment in the pre-hospital setting and the median time for their hospital admission was lengthened. However, their 30-day mortality was significantly reduced. The probability of death was also decreased when casualties were transported by SMUR helicopter directly to the university hospital. In the in-hospital setting, the performance of a whole-body computed tomography (CT) was associated with a significant reduction in the mortality risk compared with a selective CT.ConclusionThe FIRST study suggests the benefit of a medical management in the pre-hospital setting on the survival of trauma patients. The emergency physician (EP) expertise in the pre-hospital and initial hospital phases would lead to the concept of the appropriate care for the appropriate trauma patient. It also highlights the necessity to set up organized regional sectors of care and registries.     

Effect of Implant Design on Knee Flexion

From March 2006 to August 2008, 93 subjects (186 knees) underwent simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty performed by eight surgeons at North American centers. This randomized study was conducted to determine whether non-weight-bearing passive flexion was superior for knees receiving a posterior stabilized high flexion device compared to a posterior stabilized standard device in the contra-lateral knee. Weight-bearing single leg active flexion was one secondary endpoint. Follow-up compliance was 92.5%. Results show small, but significant superiority in the motion metrics for the high flexion device compared to the standard device 12 months after surgery, especially for a subgroup of patients with pre-operative flexion less than 120° in both knees. Thus, the ideal candidate for the high flexion device may be one with lesser pre-operative flexion.     

Clinical validation of an artificial intelligence-enabled wound imaging mobile application in diabetic foot ulcers

There is a lifetime risk of 15% to 25% of development of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) in patients with diabetes mellitus. DFUs need to be followed up on and assessed for development of complications and/or resolution, which was traditionally performed using manual measurement. Our study aims to compare the intra- and inter-rater reliability of an artificial intelligence-enabled wound imaging mobile application (CARES4WOUNDS [C4W] system, Tetsuyu, Singapore) with traditional measurement. This is a prospective cross-sectional study on 28 patients with DFUs from June 2020 to January 2021. The main wound parameters assessed were length and width. For traditional manual measurement, area was calculated by overlaying traced wound on graphical paper. Intra- and inter-rater reliability was analysed using intra-class correlation statistics. A value of <0.5, 0.5–0.75, 0.75–0.9, and >0.9 indicates poor, moderate, good, and excellent reliability, respectively. Seventy-five wound episodes from 28 patients were collected and a total of 547 wound images were analysed in this study. The median wound area during the first clinic consultation and all wound episodes was 3.75 cm² (interquartile range [IQR] 1.40–16.50) and 3.10 cm² (IQR 0.60–14.84), respectively. There is excellent intra-rater reliability of C4W on three different image captures of the same wound (intra-rater reliability ranging 0.933–0.994). There is also excellent inter-rater reliability between three C4W devices for length (0.947), width (0.923), and area (0.965). Good inter-rater reliability for length, width, and area (range 0.825–0.934) was obtained between wound nurse measurement and each of the C4W devices. In conclusion, we obtained good inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of C4W measurements against traditional wound measurement. The C4W is a useful adjunct in monitoring DFU wound progress.     

Development and field testing of Teen Pocket PATH®, a mobile health application to improve medication adherence in adolescent solid organ recipients

Applying principles of user‐centered design, we iteratively developed and tested the prototype of TPP, an mHealth application to promote medication adherence and enhance communication about medication management between adolescents and primary caregivers. A purposive sample of seven adolescent solid organ transplant recipients who were ≥one yr post‐transplant and their primary caregivers participated. Participants completed up to three face‐to‐face laboratory usability sessions, a 6‐week field test, and a debriefing session. Primary caregivers participated in an additional usability telephone session. Participants completed usability and satisfaction measures. Sample included liver (n = 4), heart (n = 2), and lung (n = 1) recipients aged 11–18 yr (57% were female, 86% were Caucasian), and nine primary caregivers aged 42–61 yr (88.9% were parents, 88% were female, 88% were Caucasian). Ninety percent of the adolescents endorsed the graphs or logs of missed/late medication dosing as useful and 100% endorsed the remaining features (e.g., medication list, dose time reminders/warnings) as useful. All adolescents expressed interest in using TPP for monitoring medications and satisfaction with the automatic messaging between adolescent and caregiver versions of the application. Adolescents unanimously found TPP easy to use. TPP shows promise as an mHealth adherence tool.     

移动互联网环境下医疗服务质量评价方法的创新应用

目的在移动互联网环境下,建立医疗服务质量关键指标,对医疗服务质量评价方法进行创新。方法将患者就医过程中的每一项服务进行量化,建立SERVQUAL服务质量评价体系。结果借助移动互联网智能终端,构建医疗服务质量指标体系包括有形性、可靠性、响应性、保证性、关怀性、经济性和有效性等7个一级指标,25个二级指标。结论在移动互联网的环境下,为医患沟通搭建平台,及时进行医患互动,对医院的医疗服务质量进行客观评价。     

医养结合机构非卧床老年人衰弱现状及影响因素分析

目的 了解医养结合机构非卧床老年人衰弱现状,并分析其影响因素,以期为机构内医护人员优化非卧床老年人护理和健康教育方案提供参考依据。方法 采用便利抽样法选取杭州市3家医养结合机构的489名非卧床老年人为研究对象,采用中文版Tilburg衰弱量表对其进行调查。结果 非卧床老年人衰弱得分5.00（3.00,8.00）分,衰弱发生率为53.99%;logistic回归分析显示,文化程度、家人探望频率和刷牙频次是衰弱发生的保护因素,使用移动辅助器具、每日静坐时间和假牙数量是衰弱发生的危险因素（均P＜0.05）。结论 医养结合机构非卧床老年人衰弱发生率较高,影响因素较多。护理人员应重视非卧床老年人的衰弱现状,采取综合性策略进行个体化干预。     

东莞市流动儿童保健现状及对策

目的了解东莞市流动儿童保健情况,找出存在问题,分析原因,提出相应解决办法。方法对东莞市820名流动儿童和300名本地儿童的保健情况进行分层抽样调查。结果流动儿童在正规医院接生、体检率、保健建卡率、接种建证率、四苗接种率、患病后就医等情况均与本地儿童比较,分别经χ2,有显著性差异,P均<0.01。患病后就医于无牌医生与本地儿童比较经χ2检验,有显著性差异,P<0.01;流动儿童的家长对儿童保健知识知晓率、文化程度、家庭月平均收入均较低。结论加强对流动人口的管理,逐步把流动儿童纳入儿童保健网,建立体检、保健卡,提高接种建证、四苗接种率,建立贫困流动人口的妇幼保健扶贫基金,加强流动人口的健康教育,改变就医于无证医生的习惯:是保障流动儿童健康的有效措施。