卫生管理干部的现状与职业化培养途径研究概述

目的　了解卫生管理干部队伍现状 ,探索适宜的职业化培养途径。方法　采用文献研究与现场调查相结合 ,综述近 5年国内外卫生管理干部队伍职业化研究文献资料 ;分层方便抽样调查北京市、浙江省和陕西省等 3省 (市 ) 2 12 8名卫生管理干部的基本情况、卫生管理职业情况、对职业化的认知情况、卫生管理培训经历和职业化培训需求等。结果　研究明确了卫生管理干部职业化的基本内涵 ,总结了卫生管理干部队伍的主要不足 ,概括了卫生管理教育面临的问题。结论　卫生管理干部队伍现状与职业化的要求有相当的距离 ,应普及卫生管理岗位培训 ,发展卫生管理专业学历教育 ,建立和落实配套政策与措施 ,以加快卫生管理干部职业化进程。     

护理人员应付方式与生活质量水平的相关研究

目的:探讨护理人员的应付方式、效果以及与生活质量的相关性.方法:应采用应付方式问卷和生活质量综合评定问卷对96名护理人员进行测评分析.结果:解决问题因子与求助因子呈显著性睚相关(P＜0.05),而与自责因子显著性负相关(P＜0.01);自责、幻想、退避、合理化各因子间呈显著性正相关( P＜0.01);解决问题因子与生活质量总分、躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能及物质生活呈显著性相关(P＜0.05);求助因子与生活质量总分、躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能及物质生活相关无显著性(P＞0.05);自责、幻想、退避、合理化因子与生活质量总分、躯体功能、心理功能呈显著性负相关(P＜0.05～0.1).结论:解决问题为护理人员应付方式的第一策略,其次为求助,较少采用自责的应付方式;护士群体的应付方式类型由成熟到不成熟的关系序列为:解决问题-求助-合理化-退避-幻想-自责.选用的应付方式成熟与否,与护士的身心健康、生活质量和护理质量密切相关.     

Treating Anger and Aggression in Military Populations: Research Updates and Clinical Implications

Anger is a common symptom among military populations with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); yet, anger treatment has received relatively little attention in the literature. This discrepancy is surprising given that excessive anger is a key predictor of treatment outcome in PTSD. This study seeks to (a) build a case for the importance of a more explicit approach to understanding and treating anger in our military and veteran populations, (b) summarize the current literature base on treatment factors and treatment outcomes for treating anger and related symptoms among veterans, and (c) offer clinical and research implications and recommendations based on current findings and on the expertise of the authors in completing a large‐scale study of anger treatment with veterans.     

唐山市某医院医护人员对HPV及其疫苗认知和接受度调查

目的:调查河北省唐山某医院医护人员对HPV及其疫苗的认知、态度和接受性,探究全科医师和护士对HPV疫苗接种的看法,为HPV疫苗的推广提供一定的基础。方法:采用自行设计的调查问卷,以自填式匿名方式调查唐山市某医院200名医护人员对HPV病毒及其疫苗的认知态度。结果:198名医护人员中,91.5%的医师和75.0%的护士曾经听说过HPV,53.2%的医师和47.7%的护士曾经听说过HPV疫苗,超过半数的医师和护士担心HPV疫苗的安全性(61.2%vs 65.8%)和有效性(59.6%vs 65.1),仅有23.4%医师和34.8%护士愿意接受该疫苗,53.1%医师和30.9%护士建议患者使用HPV疫苗,仅有30.0%左右医师和护士赞同让自己的子女接受HPV疫苗,65.3%医师和55.7%的护士建议满18周岁接种HPV疫苗。结论:医师和护士关于HPV病毒的认知水平较高,但不够全面,对HPV疫苗认知不足,多数医师和护士对HPV疫苗持观望态度。     

Beliefs about back pain: The confluence of client,clinician and community

Patient beliefs play an important role in the development of back pain and disability, as well as subsequent recovery. Community beliefs about the back and back pain which are inconsistent with current research evidence have been found in a number of developed countries. These beliefs negatively influence people's back-related behaviour in general, and these effects may be amplified when someone experiences an episode of back pain.In-depth qualitative research has helped to shed light on why people hold the beliefs which they do about the back, and how these have been influenced. Clinicians appear to have a strong influence on patients' beliefs. These data may be used by clinicians to inform exploration of unhelpful beliefs which patients hold, mitigate potential negative influences as a result of receiving health care, and subsequently influence beliefs in a positive manner.     

灵宝市餐饮业人员艾滋病干预措施评价

目的评价不同健康教育模式对宾馆,职工食堂,饭店等餐饮业单位外来务工人员艾滋病知识和态度的干预效果。方法将在灵宝市疾病预防控制中心参加健康体检的外来务工人员随机分为4组,其中3个干预组,1个空白组。结果集中宣教、集中宣教和观看VCD、观看VCD和空白对照4种方法有统计学意义(P<0.05),进行两两比较集中宣教,观看VCD和集中宣教比较无统计学意义(P>0.05),观看VCD和空白对照比较无统计学意义,其他两两比较均有统计学意义。外来务工人员对艾滋病态度4组之间有统计学意义(P<0.001),两两比较只有集中宣教,观看VCD和空白组有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论不同干预措施有不同的干预效果,其中集中宣教和发放宣传资料,观看VCD效果最好。     

Update on immunizations for healthcare personnel in the United States

Healthcare personnel (HCP) play a pivotal role in the transmission of contagious pathogens in the healthcare setting, and HCP are themselves at risk for infection with such pathogens due to the nature of their occupation. Many practices are important in order to reduce infection transmission, including HCP immunization. Unfortunately, HCP immunization rates in the United States (U.S.) have not reached recommended levels, so new strategies are being used to improve HCP coverage, including mandatory immunization and the use of immunization rates as measures of quality and safety. This article will review current practices, policies, and issues surrounding HCP immunization in the U.S.     

Worker,workplace, and community/environmental risk factors for workplace violence in emergency departments

Workplace violence committed by patients and visitors has high propensity to occur against emergency department employees. This article reports the association of worker, workplace, and community/environmental factors with violence risks. A cross-sectional research design was used with 280 employees from six emergency departments in the Midwest United States. Respondents completed the Survey of Violence Experienced by Staff and a 10-item demographic questionnaire. Data were analyzed using frequencies, percentages, Chi-square tests, and adjusted relative risks with 95% confidence intervals. Over 80% of respondents experienced at least one type of workplace violence with their current employer and approximately 40% experienced all three types. Risks for workplace violence were significantly higher for registered nurses and hospital-based emergency departments. Workplace violence can impact all employees in the emergency department regardless of worker, workplace, and community/environmental factors.