海上训练与跳伞训练军训伤的流行病学调查

目的　研究空军的跳伞训练和海军的海上训练期间军训伤的流行病学特征 ,制定初步的预防措施 .方法　采用就诊登记和回顾性调查的方法调查了军训伤的发生情况 .结果　空军某部新兵军训伤的发生率为 16 .3% ,海军某部新兵为18.7% ,海军老兵为 5 .5 % .空军新兵和海军新兵的发生率无显著性差异 ,海军新兵和老兵之间的发生率有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 1) .海军新兵的发生高峰为开训后第 2个月 ,海军老兵的发生高峰为开训后第 1个月 ,空军新兵开训后第 2个月发生率较低 ,其余月份均维持较高水平 .海军的受伤部位以小腿和踝关节为主 ,分别占 42 .9%和 17.9% ;空军的受伤部位以踝关节和腰部为主 ,分别占 2 6 .9%和 2 3.9% .海军和空军均以急性创伤性损伤为主要类型 ,且均以关节扭伤为主要伤型 .结论　不同于基础训练的训练内容 ,军训伤的发生情况亦不同 .根据特殊训练的特殊性 ,要制定不同的预防措施     

Evaluating problem-based learning in a multilingual student population

OBJECTIVES: The University of Natal Medical School in South Africa provides training for a student body composed of two groups: one with English as a first language and the other with an African language as a first language and English as the second. A new methodology was developed to evaluate an innovative course using modified problem-based learning techniques in this heterogeneous environment. DESIGN: The learning model proposed required achieving a balance of three components: content, enquiry/learning process and social interaction/group process. A multidimensional system, felt to be consistent with this educational philosophy, was developed using seven different quantitative and qualitative techniques. SETTING: The University of Natal Medical School. SUBJECTS: First-year multilingual medical students. RESULTS: The results revealed that social interaction was highly successful in reducing barriers between the student groups and between students and facilitators. However, the emphasis on group participation may have overshadowed the enquiry process, leading to superficial discussions of problems and feelings of repetitiveness. During the course students and facilitators expressed concern that the innovative assessments used did not assess the course content adequately. While the group presentations and projects were useful exercises for consolidation and group interaction, they did not enable facilitators to identify struggling students. CONCLUSIONS: The outcome of the evaluation stressed the need of achieving an appropriate balance both in the curriculum and assessments of the three components of the learning model, particularly in a setting where student backgrounds and language ability differ. Multidimensional methodology is needed for effective evaluation that promotes critical reflection.     

某部军事训练伤前瞻性流行病学研究

目的：了解军事训练伤的发生规律与特点。方法：采用前瞻性流行病学研究方法,对某部１９９７年３月至２月的军事训练伤进行调查。结果：该部军事训练伤的年度发生率为３０．０４％,上半年训练伤的发生率明显高于下半年,训练伤的发生率随年龄增加而逐渐下降,不同单位训练伤的发生率不同。在训练伤病例中以关节扭伤所占比例最大（３３．２１％）,受伤部位以肘,腿,踝和腕部为主,受伤课目以战术训练和５公里越野跑等所占比例高（     

Pseudohomosexual psychosis in basic military training

The emergence of homosexual anxieties in heterosexual males following a severe blow to masculine self-esteem has been termed pseudohomosexual by Ovesey and has been shown to reflect sexual dependency and power conflicts. This article extends the concept, described largely in neurotic patients, to psychotic reactions occurring in basic trainees following failure to adapt to military life. The military setting is viewed as a culturally specific stress for emergence of pseudohomosexual anxieties in predisposed individuals. Case studies illustrate the power and dependency conflicts, sexual symbolization, projective defenses, and restitutional violence which characterize these patients. The pseudohomosexual psychosis defends the patient against perceiving his inability to effect separation from mother, bear the object loss, and attain cultural manhood.The views presented represent those of the author and are not to be interpreted as representing the Department of Defense or the U.S. Air Force.     

论全面提高中药行业工程素质

在我社2002年5期，6期杂志刊载的“中药制药工程理论研究与实践”，“论中药工业的中试放大验证”，两篇文章中，已经阐述了中药制药工程技术是支撑我国中药产业步及良性发展的理论与生产实践基础，并对其四要素之一的中试放大与验证进行了探讨；本文对其他要素加以讨论并归结为全面提高中药行业的工程技术素质，是实现中药现代化的基础工作，是对甸中药制药产业总体水平的一种深层次的度量与评价。     

战术药材储备的系统动力学研究

探讨战术药材储备系统模型的动力生质和行为方法：应用系统动力学方法和构建战术药材储备模型,借助于计算机编程,模拟有关参数变化时的系统行为。结果：初始储备量的大小对系统的平均库存量和平均缺货量无明显影响;目标储备量,到货速率和发化速度对平均存量和平均缺货量有显著影响。结论在有效控制到化速率的情况下,降低战术药材储备量对系统的保障效能无不利影响。     

新时期军事斗争卫勤准备的任务与要求

文章从新军事变革要求卫勤全面转型、军事斗争要求卫勤加快保障能力建设、军队现代化建设要求深化军队卫生工作改革、反恐及应付突发公共卫生事件成为军队卫勤基本任务、保障打赢信息化战争需要卫勤信息化、战斗力发展要求建立新军人健康观和医疗观等六个方面全面分析了新时期军队卫勤发展环境背景；同时，从联勤医院的保障对象和保障方式，战时医院基本任务，在反恐和突发公共卫生事件中军队医院的任务，在卫勤保障一体化中军队医院的任务，创新发展强健医学、急救医学、创伤医学、“三防”临床医学成为军队医院的重要任务等五个方面阐述了军队医院任务的拓展；并且，提出了新时期军事斗争准备对医院的基本要求，即：加快培养联勤医护人员，提高战伤救治效率，组织装备模块化，加快医院与部队预防-医疗-保健“一体化”进程，加快医院信息化建设，以及加强康复治疗、军事作业医学和核化损伤救治研究。     

深化人事制度改革|激活内部运行机制

全面实行岗位聘用合同制和结构薪金分配制，建立契约化管理的用人模式，全员实行内部分配办法，最大程度地实行量化考核。通过人事制度改革，有效地提高职工的工作积极性，打破分配制度上的“大锅饭”和平均主义。改革不合理的人事制度、分配制度，使医院各项制度能顺应医院改革的发展。     

出入境人员高脂血症患病率调查

目的了解不同年龄组出入境人员高脂血症的患病情况,为更好地预防高脂血症,控制心脑肾血管疾病的发生。方法用描述性流行病学方法,对北京国际旅行卫生保健中心4115例体检中血脂的检查结果进行分析。结果高脂血症患病率为26.9%,男性为36.7%,女性为14.8%,男性患病率高于女性,差异具有显著性(P<0.01)。女性40岁以后患病率开始增加,60岁以上女性患病率高于男性,两者差异有显著性(P<0.05)。单项指标中男性高甘油三酯(TG)血症患病率最高,为30.2%,30～49岁组达43.2%。女性50岁以后各单项血脂异常骤然增加。高TG、低高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)综合征患病率为0.56%。结论高脂血症的预防应从青少年做起,改变不良的饮食习惯,培养健康的生活方式,控制心脑肾血管病的危险因素。     

探索药学类专业实验教学的改革

药学专业是一门实践性、应用性很强的专业学科。实验教学是培养学生创新精神和综合能力的重要环节。针对目前实验教学中存在的某些不合理现象，药学院进行了实验教学体系的调整，在改革实验教学内容、改善实验教学条件、规范实验室管理以及提高实验人员综合素质等方面进行了实践和探索。