全麻苏醒期患儿躁动风险预测模型的建立与验证

目的 建立与验证全麻苏醒期患儿躁动风险列线图预测模型,为识别躁动高风险患儿提供评估工具。方法 收集全麻手术的1～6岁患儿651例,随机分为建模组(n=459)和验证组(n=192),利用多因素logistic回归分析确定建模组全麻苏醒期患儿躁动的危险因素,构建列线图预测模型,分别使用建模组和验证组数据集对模型进行验证。结果 苏醒期发生躁动160例(建模组113例,验证组47例),躁动发生率24.58%。多因素logistic回归显示,年龄、手术科室、身体约束、麻醉方式、镇痛治疗、留置尿管是全麻苏醒期患儿躁动的影响因素(均P<0.05)。基于6个危险因素构建列线图预测模型,模型验证的校正曲线显示模型准确度良好,建模组ROC曲线下面积为0.767,验证组为0.827。结论 全麻苏醒期患儿躁动风险列线图预测模型具有良好的准确度和区分度,可为临床筛查术后躁动高危患儿提供评估工具。     

严重腹部创伤的损伤控制性处理策略

严重腹部创伤,常并发休克,出现严重的生理功能紊乱和机体代谢功能的失调,导致患者出现低温、酸中毒和凝血障碍三联征,处于生命极限状态,不能忍受长时间的确定性手术。此时应用损伤控制性外科(DCS)理念,不追求手术的一次性成功,而通过各种暂时性措施维持患者最基本的生命状态,通过复苏纠正各种代谢紊乱,提高患者耐受确定性手术的能力,最后通过确定性手术或分次的确定性手术来挽救患者的生命,方可提高救治成功率。     

Prehospital fast track care for patients with hip fracture: Impact on time to surgery,hospital stay,post-operative complications and mortality a randomised,controlled trial

IntroductionAmbulance organisations in Sweden have introduced prehospital fast track care (PFTC) for patients with suspected hip fracture. This means that the ambulance nurse starts the pre-operative procedure otherwise implemented at the accident & emergency ward (A&E) and transports the patient directly to the radiology department instead of A&E. If the diagnosis is confirmed, the patient is transported directly to the orthopaedic ward. No previous randomised, controlled studies have analysed PFTC to describe its possible advantages.The aim of this study is to examine whether PFTC has any impact on outcomes such as time to surgery, length of stay, post-operative complications and mortality.MethodsThe design of this study is a prehospital randomised, controlled study, powered to include 400 patients. The patients were randomised into PFTC or the traditional care pathway (A&E group).ResultsTime from arrival to start for X-ray was faster for PFTC (mean, 28 vs. 145 min; p < 0.001), but the groups did not differ with regard to time from start of X-ray to start of surgery (mean 18.40 h in both groups). No significant differences between the groups were observed with regard to: time from arrival to start of surgery (p = 0.07); proportion operated within 24 h (79% PFTC, 75% A&E; p = 0.34); length of stay (p = 0.34); post-operative complications (p = 0.75); and 4 month mortality (18% PFTC, 15% A&E p = 0.58).ConclusionPFTC improved time to X-ray and admission to a ward, as expected, but did not significantly affect time to start of surgery, length of stay, post-operative complications or mortality. These outcomes were probably affected by other factors at the hospital. Patients with either possible life-threatening conditions or life-threatening conditions prehospital were excluded.     

VAC therapy for the treatment of complex wounds after cardio‐thoracic surgery

The aim of this study is to report our experience about the treatment of complex sternal and thoracic wounds following cardiothoracic surgery, using vacuum‐assisted closure (VAC therapy. Twelve patients presenting with sternal (five cases) and thoracic (seven cases) wounds that were difficult to heal were treated through VAC therapy after the first surgical debridement. The duration of VAC application ranged from 12 to 36 days with an average hospital stay of 24·6 ± 11·4 days. During a mean follow‐up of 12 months, we observed complete wound healing in seven cases (58·3%), in an average period of 25·5 ± 14·3 days; one patient died during follow‐up, two patients were lost to follow‐up and two patients required definitive surgical closure of the wound cavity. In conclusion, VAC therapy promotes faster wound healing, with shorter hospital stay and subsequent lesser in‐hospital cost, reducing the mortality rate in the long run. It also promotes early rehabilitation and alleviates the need for a second procedure, thus improving patient satisfaction, with minimal discomfort or inconvenience.     

Case Study: An intraoperative finding of black bone disease in a podiatric surgery patient

Black bone disease has been recognised as a potential consequence of long-term treatment with tetracycline antibiotics. Largely documented affecting structures in the head and skull, there are few reported cases of black bone disease in the foot and ankle. The case of a 55 years old patient, who as a teenager, had undergone treatment with minocycline hydrochloride for chronic acne, and was found to have bone discolouration consistent with minocycline induced black bone disease (MIBBD) during the course of hallux valgus corrective surgery some 40 years later, is presented. In spite of the intraoperative findings, the patient’s post-operative recovery and bone healing was uneventful. The literature on minocycline induced black bone disease is reviewed.     

以问题为基础的学习联合以案例为基础的学习在脊柱外科实习生临床带教中的应用

目的 探讨以问题为基础的学习（problem-based learning,PBL）联合以案例为基础的学习（case-based learning,CBL）在脊柱外科医学生带教中的教学意义及优势。方法 选取2021年3月至2021年9月在我院脊柱外科实习的53名2017级本科生,随机将其分为传统教学组（简称传统组,28例）和教学方法联合组（简称联合组,25例）进行实习带教,其中传统组男15人,女13人,年龄为（22.04±0.58）岁。联合组男13人,女12人,年龄为（22.36±0.64）岁。实习结束后通过出科考核的方式对学生理论知识及临床实践能力进行考核。同时派发问卷调查,评价老师教学水平及对课程设计满意情况。结果 联合组理论知识及临床实践能力均优于传统组,两组间差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。另外,从学生反馈来看,联合组学生对老师教学形式及课程设计的满意度更高。结论 教学方法的组合更有利于调动学生主观能动性及主动学习的积极性,培养学习兴趣,提高学习效率。从而更好地掌握脊柱外科专业知识及临床技能,提高本科生及规培生培养质量。