基于蛋白质组学分析色胺酮抑制小鼠乳腺癌的作用机制

目的:采用非标记定量(Label-free)蛋白质组学技术研究色胺酮抗小鼠体内乳腺癌的作用机制。方法:采用超高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术检测色胺酮抗小鼠乳腺癌的表达蛋白,选择Ionoptics nano UPLC C18色谱柱(0.075 mm×250 mm,1.6μm),流动相0.1%甲酸水溶液-0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液梯度洗脱,正离子模式,扫描范围m/z 100～1 700,使用MaxQuant 1.6.5.0进行数据库检索。采用Label-free高分辨质谱的蛋白质组学技术筛选4T1乳腺癌小鼠模型组与色胺酮(100 mg·kg~(-1))口服给药组之间的差异表达蛋白,进行色胺酮抗乳腺癌的蛋白质组学研究。结果:共鉴定出3 997个蛋白质,其中有2 911个蛋白可定量。模型组与色胺酮组共750个差异表达蛋白,其中286个蛋白上调,464个蛋白下调。基因本体分析表明,这些差异表达蛋白主要参与增殖、细胞迁移、凋亡、免疫、血管生成和炎症调节等生物学过程。京都基因与基因组百科全书通路分析进一步表明,这些蛋白主要集中于T细胞受体,B细胞受体,Toll样受体,核转录因子-κB(NF-κB),Ras蛋白,白细胞介素-17,肿瘤坏死因子,磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B(PI3K-Akt)和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)等信号通路。结论:与色胺酮抗4T1乳腺癌作用密切相关的差异表达蛋白包括上调蛋白白细胞分化抗原14(CD14),前列腺素G/H合酶2(PTGS2),泛素蛋白连接酶E3和下调蛋白CD44,70 kDa热休克蛋白1A(HSPA1A),巨噬细胞移动抑制因子(MIF),NF-κB,核糖体蛋白S6激酶α-4(RPS6KA4)和高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1),提示色胺酮主要通过调节肿瘤炎症微环境来达到抑制小鼠乳腺癌的作用。     

双黄升白颗粒剂对白细胞减少症模型小鼠造血细胞作用的研究

目的:探讨双黄升白颗粒剂升高白细胞作用及其作用机制。方法:采用Se-137放射源照射ICR小鼠,造成白细胞减少症动物模型,对模型动物给予双黄升白颗粒剂大、中、小剂量(分别为9.2,4.6,2.3 g.kg^-1.d^-1)灌胃,并设正常对照组,模型对照组,阳性对照利可君组。对小鼠外周血象,骨髓有核细胞(BMNC),脾结节(CFU-S)计数,胸腺指数(TI),脾脏指数(SI),骨髓细胞增殖,体外培养小鼠粒单系集落形成单位(CFU-GM),骨髓CD34+细胞比例,骨髓造血微环境等进行检测。结果:双黄升白颗粒可明显升高模型小鼠的白细胞(WBC);双黄升白颗粒可升高模型小鼠的BMNC计数并促进其骨髓细胞增殖;双黄升白颗粒升高模型小鼠CFU-S计数,提高CFU-GM产率,提高骨髓CD34+细胞比例,对造血干/祖细胞增殖具促进作用;双黄升白颗粒具有保护模型小鼠骨髓造血微环境作用;双黄升白颗粒升高模型动物SI,具有一定的免疫增强作用。结论:双黄升白颗粒剂具有明显升高白细胞作用,其作用机制与促进造血细胞增殖及保护骨髓造血微环境有关。     

肿瘤相关巨噬细胞促进宫颈癌侵袭转移的机制研究

 目的 研究肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（tumor-associated macrophages, TAMs）对宫颈癌侵袭转移的影响及分子机制。方法 免疫组织化学法检测宫颈病变组织TAMs的浸润情况。对人单核巨噬细胞系THP1进行体外诱导分化，使其转化为M2型TAMs。取TAMs上清液刺激宫颈癌细胞SiHa和C33a。划痕法、Transwell法分别检测TAMs对宫颈癌细胞系迁移和侵袭能力的影响。Western blot检测刺激后宫颈癌细胞上皮间质转化进程及MMP-9的表达。结果 TAMs浸润数目与宫颈病变进展呈正相关。TAMs上清液刺激后，SiHa和C33a细胞出现间质样改变，而且迁移和侵袭能力显著增强（均P<0.5）。TAMs可下调E-Cadherin的表达，上调N-Cadherin、Vimentin及MMP-9的表达。结论 TAMs浸润与宫颈上皮恶性转化和进展密切相关，TAMs可能通过上调MMP-9的表达促进宫颈癌细胞侵袭转移。     

Nanotherapy: New Approach for Impeding Hepatic Cancer Microenvironment via Targeting Multiple Molecular Pathways

Objective: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) microenvironment has been recognized as a key contributor for cancer progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. The crosstalk between tumor cells, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and the chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) signaling networks mediates immunoinhibitory impact and facilitates tumor angiogenesis. The current investigation aimed at exploring the potent anti-cancer activity of the newly designed nano-based anti-cancer therapy comprising anti-VEGF drug, avastin (AV), and CCR2 antagonist (CR) to counteract HCC and tracking its mode of action in vivo. Methods: The prepared AV, CR, and AVCR nanoprototypes were characterized by nanoscale characterization techniques in our previous work. Here, they are applied for unearthing their anti-cancer properties / mechanisms in hepatic cancer-induced rats via analyzing protein levels and genetic expression of the elements incorporated in the angiogenesis, apoptosis, and metastasis signalling pathways. Results: The present results revealed a significant down-regulation in the angiogenesis, survival and metastasis indices along with up-regulation in the pro-apoptotic mediators upon treatment of hepatic cancer-bearing rats with the novel synthesized nanomaterials when compared with the untreated counterparts. We showed across HCC model that anti-VEGF in combination with CCR2 antagonism therapy leads to sensitization and enhanced tumor response over anti-VEGF or CCR2 antagonism monotherapy, particularly in its nanoscale formulation. Conclusion: The present approach provides new mechanistic insights into the powerful anti-hepatic cancer advantage of the novel nanoprototypes which is correlated with modulating critical signal transduction pathways implicated in tumor microenviroment such as angiogenesis, apoptosis and metastasis. This research work presents a substantial foundation for future studies focused on prohibiting cancer progression and recovery by targeting tumor microenviroment.     

结直肠癌与自然杀伤细胞的相关性探讨北大核心

目的:研究结直肠癌及其配对的癌旁组织的自然杀伤(nature killer,NK)细胞数量及分布情况。方法:结直肠癌及其配对的癌旁组织各40例,以SP免疫组化法检测NK细胞。结果:结直肠癌及其配对的癌旁组织中均未检测到NK细胞的浸润。结论:结直肠癌及其配对的癌旁组织中缺乏NK细胞浸润可能与肿瘤微环境、生理微环境、未知的NK细胞亚型相关,结直肠癌患者可能不适用NK细胞进行免疫治疗。     

胰腺癌淋巴转移分子机制研究进展

胰腺癌是实体肿瘤中恶性程度最高的肿瘤之一,具有发病隐匿、手术切除率低、局部侵袭性强、早期容易发生转移、术后易复发、总体预后极差等特点。淋巴转移是胰腺癌最主要的转移方式,也是胰腺癌患者的早期不良预后事件,同时也是胰腺癌术后独立不良预后因子。胰腺癌淋巴转移的发生并不是偶然或随机事件,而更像是由肿瘤细胞与其周围微环境共同精心策划的。越来越多的研究表明,肿瘤转移起始细胞（或肿瘤干细胞）与肿瘤微环境在胰腺癌淋巴转移中起着“唱双簧”的作用。然而,参与整个转移过程的细胞与分子机制复杂,尚未完全阐明。本文结合近年相关文献对胰腺癌淋巴转移的细胞分子机制进行讨论。     

胃肠道癌腹膜转移的核心病理机制

胃肠道癌腹膜转移是目前临床治疗的最大难题,解决该难题的根本之道在于临床医生准确把握胃肠道癌腹膜转移的核心细胞病理学机制,基本掌握分子病理学机制,并融会贯通地运用到每一例患者诊治的临床决策过程中,做到"防""治"并举,积极预防、主动治疗。与临床治疗决策密切相关的胃肠道癌腹膜转移的核心细胞病理学机制有4点：（1）腹腔游离癌...     

免疫编辑诱导的免疫治疗耐药

近年来,免疫治疗在多种恶性肿瘤治疗中取得突破性进展,为肿瘤患者带来明显生存获益。然而,免疫系统在识别和杀伤肿瘤细胞的同时,出现免疫编辑诱导,导致大多数患者对免疫治疗具有先天或后天的耐药性。肿瘤免疫编辑是免疫系统抑制或促进肿瘤发生发展的过程,肿瘤的发生发展经历了免疫消除、免疫平衡和免疫逃逸三个阶段。在整个过程中,肿瘤的免疫原性被编辑,并获得使疾病进展的各种免疫抑制机制,致使肿瘤细胞逃避免疫系统的监测,导致肿瘤细胞免疫逃逸产生耐药。因此,揭示肿瘤免疫治疗耐药机制及克服耐药至关重要。本文主要从肿瘤免疫编辑过程背后的机制对肿瘤免疫治疗耐药作一具体阐述,为临床中克服免疫耐药取得更好疗效提供参考。     

Molecular Crosstalk between Chromatin Remodeling and Tumor Microenvironment in Multiple Myeloma

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a complex disease driven by numerous genetic and epigenetic alterations that are acquired over time. Despite recent progress in the understanding of MM pathobiology and the availability of innovative drugs, which have pronounced clinical outcome, this malignancy eventually progresses to a drug-resistant lethal stage and, thus, novel therapeutic drugs/models always play an important role in effective management of MM. Modulation of tumor microenvironment is one of the hallmarks of cancer biology, including MM, which affects the myeloma genomic architecture and disease progression subtly through chromatin modifications. The bone marrow niche has a prime role in progression, survival, and drug resistance of multiple myeloma cells. Therefore, it is important to develop means for targeting the ecosystem between multiple myeloma bone marrow microenvironment and chromatin remodeling. Extensive gene expression profile analysis has indeed provided the framework for new risk stratification of MM patients and identifying novel molecular targets and therapeutics. However, key tumor microenvironment factors/immune cells and their interactions with chromatin remodeling complex proteins that drive MM cell growth and progression remain grossly undefined.