Circulating Exosomal microRNAs as Predictive Biomarkers of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Response in Breast Cancer

Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is an increasingly used approach for treatment of breast cancer. The pathological complete response (pCR) is considered a good predictor of disease-specific survival. This study investigated whether circulating exosomal microRNAs could predict pCR in breast cancer patients treated with NACT. Method: Plasma samples of 20 breast cancer patients treated with NACT were collected prior to and after the first cycle. RNA sequencing was used to determine microRNA profiling. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was used to explore the expression patterns and survivability of the candidate miRNAs, and their potential targets based on the expression levels and copy number variation (CNV) data. Results: Three miRNAs before that NACT (miR-30b, miR-328 and miR-423) predicted pCR in all of the analyzed samples. Upregulation of miR-127 correlated with pCR in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). After the first NACT dose, pCR was predicted by exo-miR-141, while miR-34a, exo-miR182, and exo-miR-183 predicted non-pCR. A significant correlation between the candidate miRNAs and the overall survival, subtype, and metastasis in breast cancer, suggesting their potential role as predictive biomarkers of pCR. Conclusions: If the miRNAs identified in this study are validated in a large cohort of patients, they might serve as predictive non-invasive liquid biopsy biomarkers for monitoring pCR to NACT in breast cancer.     

心脏再生的研究新进展

心肌梗死后容易发生心衰、恶性心律失常甚至猝死等而威胁患者生命,有效改善心梗患者心功能促进心肌再生已经成为研究的热点。目前促进心肌再生的方法可大体概括为干细胞法诱导心肌增殖,微小核糖核酸诱导心肌再生,调控心肌细胞增殖有关的通路及细胞周期因子诱导心肌增殖,调节心肌细胞微环境诱导心肌增殖。虽然这些方法的研究都取得了一定的进展,但许多机制并未明确,也有诸多问题没有解决,还需要更深入的研究,随着心脏再生的研究,这一领域必将带来振奋人心的结果。     

microRNA调控结核分枝杆菌感染巨噬细胞凋亡的研究进展

细胞凋亡对于机体抑制或清除胞内结核分枝杆菌( Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mtb)尤为重要, Mtb感染巨噬细胞后,往往会诱导机体启动一系列机制调控巨噬细胞凋亡。在 Mtb感染的巨噬细胞内存在差异表达的microRNAs (miRNAs),miRNA可直接结合凋...     

结直肠癌患者组织中miR-99a和miR-100表达水平与肿瘤转移的关系

目的 探讨结直肠癌组织中miR-99a、miR-100的表达水平与肿瘤转移的关系.方法 收集2014年1月至2019年1月台州市第一人民医院收治的84例行手术治疗的结直肠癌患者的肿瘤组织、癌旁组织和正常组织标本,采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测各组织中miR-99a、miR-100的表达水平,收集患者的临床病理参数及随访情...     

MicroRNA调控药用植物萜类生物合成研究进展

萜类化合物是药用植物中一类重要的次生代谢产物,对癌症、心血管疾病、疟疾和阿尔茨海默病等多种疾病有效。微RNA (microRNA,miRNA)是一种非编码单链小分子RNA,在转录后水平通过降解目标mRNA或阻断翻译发挥作用。miRNA可以通过作用于萜类生物合成途径的结构基因或转录因子调控药用植物萜类的生物合成。目前,萜类生物合成途径的上游部分研究比较清楚,很多关键酶的编码基因已经被克隆,有的酶分子的空间结构也已被解析,针对参与基因表达调控的转录因子也有一些研究,但对非编码RNA,特别是miRNA参与萜类生物合成的研究较少。对国内外近10年有关miRNA参与萜类生物合成的研究进行综述,以期为高效获取萜类活性成分和阐明萜类药效物质的生物合成提供参考。     

细胞外囊泡微小RNA在动脉粥样硬化中的作用研究进展

细胞外囊泡(EV)是脂质双层包裹的微型囊泡,广泛存在于各种生物体液中,并可通过转运多种生物活性物质调节细胞的分子通路和生物学行为,特别是微小RNA(miRNA)。近年研究发现细胞外囊泡中的miRNA在动脉粥样硬化的发生和发展中发挥重要的调节作用。本文综述了动脉粥样硬化时细胞外囊泡miRNA转移的选择性及其在动脉粥样硬化发展过程中的调控作用和在诊断治疗中的潜在应用前景。     

Inhibitory milieu at the multiple sclerosis lesion site and the challenges for remyelination

Regeneration of myelin, following injury, can occur within the central nervous system to reinstate proper axonal conductance and provide trophic support. Failure to do so renders the axons vulnerable, leading to eventual degeneration, and neuronal loss. Thus, it is essential to understand the mechanisms by which remyelination or failure to remyelinate occur, particularly in the context of demyelinating and neurodegenerative disorders. In multiple sclerosis, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) migrate to lesion sites to repair myelin. However, during disease progression, the ability of OPCs to participate in remyelination diminishes coincident with worsening of the symptoms. Remyelination is affected by a broad range of cues from intrinsic programming of OPCs and extrinsic local factors to the immune system and other systemic elements including diet and exercise. Here we review the literature on these diverse inhibitory factors and the challenges they pose to remyelination. Results spanning several disciplines from fundamental preclinical studies to knowledge gained in the clinic will be discussed.