糖康颗粒剂对四氧嘧啶所致高血糖大鼠胰岛素水平的影响

采用放射免疫分析检测糖康颗粒剂对四氧嘧啶所致高血糖大鼠血清中胰岛素含量的影响。糖康颗粒剂大、小剂量均明显地提高血清中胰岛素含量、降低血糖水平，而对胰高血糖素无影响。     

雷替曲塞联合槐耳颗粒二线治疗晚期胃癌临床观察

目的探讨雷替曲塞联合槐耳颗粒二线治疗晚期胃癌的疗效与安全性。方法回顾性分析2014年1月至2015年12月收治的二线给予雷替曲塞联合槐耳颗粒治疗的21例患者临床资料。治疗方法为第1天雷替曲塞3 mg/m~2静脉滴注;第1天至第21天槐耳颗粒20 g,每日3次口服,21 d为1周期。每周期评价不良反应,直至疾病进展或出现无法耐受的不良反应。每2个周期评价疗效,随访患者的生存状况。结果 21例患者共完成114周期化疗,平均5.4周期。所有患者均可评价疗效。其中,部分缓解(PR)3例,疾病稳定(SD)10例,疾病进展(PD)8例,有效率(RR)为14.3%,疾病控制率(DCR)为61.9%。中位无进展生存期3.1个月,中位总生存期5.2个月,无治疗相关性死亡。不良反应主要为血液学毒性,其中,中性粒细胞减少5例(23.8%),血红蛋白减少3例(14.2%),粒细胞缺乏性发热1例(4.8%)。结论雷替曲塞联合槐耳颗粒治疗晚期胃癌疗效较好,且耐受性良好。     

健运冲剂促脾虚泄泻模型大鼠受损肠粘膜修复的研究

目的：观察健运冲剂对脾虚泄泻模型大鼠受损肠粘膜的修复作用。方法：用番泻叶浸剂灌胃制作大鼠脾虚泄泻模型,通过扫描电镜、透射电镜观察健运冲剂对模型大鼠受损肠粘膜的修复作用。结果：模型大鼠小肠粘膜超微结构明显受损,微绒毛变稀疏及消失脱落,绒毛顶部上皮细胞结构变形,细胞间间隙增宽,内质网、线粒体不同程度改变,胞浆内出现空泡。结论：健运冲剂对受损肠粘膜有明显修复作用,其效果优于对照组参苓白术散。     

养血清脑颗粒对慢性脑供血不足患者临床疗效和血流动力学的影响

目的 观察养血清脑颗粒对慢性脑供血不足(CCCI)患者的临床疗效及对血流动力学的影响.方法 90例CCCI患者按就诊时间顺序分为对照组(A组)、养血清脑颗粒组(B组)、联合用药组(C组)各30例.于治疗前后分别检测患者血流动力学指标,同时选取健康志愿者30名为正常时照组,并统计分析.结果 B组、C组总有效率分别为90.00%和93.33%,与A组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).治疗前A组、B组、C组平均血流速度与正常时照组比较有统计学意义(P<0.05).B组、C两组治疗后平均血流速度与治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),与正常对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).A组治疗后平均血流速度与治疗前以及与正常对照组比较个别项目差异有统计学意义.B组、C两组治疗后平均血流速度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 养血清脑颗粒能明显改善患者的血流动力学指标,增加脑供血,改善头晕、头痛等症状,单用齐血清脑颗粒治疗CCCI能达到满意的疗效.     

竹黄颗粒剂II号对银屑病患者外周血单个核细胞转录因子T-bet/GATA3 mRNA表达的影响

目的:探讨竹黄颗粒剂II号对寻常型银屑病的作用机制。方法:36例寻常型银屑病患者,按随机数字表,分竹黄颗粒剂II号治疗组(竹黄组)19例与银屑灵冲剂治疗组(银屑组)17例,分别于治疗前、后用RT-PCR技术检测外周血单个核细胞转录因子T-bet/GATA3 mRNA的表达,并以15例正常人作为对照组。结果:治疗后T-bet/GATA3 mRNA表达均显著改变(P<0.05);其中竹黄组效果优于银屑组(P<0.01)。结论:竹黄颗粒剂II号治疗银屑病有效的机制可能是通过降低患者T-bet/GATA3 mRNA的表达。     

Cannabinoids inhibit hippocampal GABAergic transmission and network oscillations

Using a new antibody developed against the C-terminus of the cannabinoid receptor (CB1), the immunostaining in the hippocampus revealed additional axon terminals relative to the pattern reported previously with an N-terminus antibody. Due to a greater sensitivity of this antibody, a large proportion of boutons in the dendritic layers displaying symmetrical (GABAergic) synapses were also strongly immunoreactive for CB1 receptors, as were axon terminals of perisomatic inhibitory cells containing cholecystokinin. Asymmetrical (glutamatergic) synapses, however, were always negative for CB1. To investigate the effect of presynaptic CB1 receptor activation on hippocampal inhibition, we recorded inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) from principal cells. Bath application of CB1 receptor agonists (WIN55,212-2 and CP55,940) suppressed IPSCs evoked by local electrical stimulation, which could be prevented or reversed by the CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716A. Action potential-driven IPSCs, evoked by pharmacological stimulation of a subset of interneurons, were also decreased by CB1 receptor activation. We also examined the effects of CB1 receptor agonists on Ca2+-independent miniature IPSCs (mIPSC). Both agonists were without significant effect on the frequency or amplitude of mIPSCs. Synchronous gamma oscillations induced by kainic acid in the CA3 region of hippocampal slices were reversibly reduced in amplitude by the CB1 receptor agonist CP 55,940, which is consistent with an action on IPSCs. We used CB1-/- knock-out mice to confirm the specificity of the antibody and of the agonist (WIN55,212-2) action. We conclude that activation of presynaptic CB1 receptors decreases Ca2+-dependent GABA release, and thereby reduces the power of hippocampal network oscillations.     

Morphological evidence for altered synaptic organization and structure in the hippocampal formation of seizure-sensitive gerbils.

Seizure-sensitive (SS) and seizure-resistant (SR) Mongolian gerbils were used for three experiments. In the first experiment, GABAergic neurons and terminals in the dentate gyrus were localized with GAD immunocytochemistry. GAD-positive puncta adjacent to cell bodies of GABAergic pyramidal basket cells were counted in light microscopic preparations. The pyramidal basket cells of SS gerbils displayed a significant threefold increase in the number of GAD-positive puncta associated with their cell bodies as compared to those from SR gerbils. These data indicate that the number of GABAergic synapses with pyramidal basket cell bodies in the dentate gyrus was greater in SS gerbils. An electron microscopic (EM) analysis of GAD immunocytochemical preparations showed GAD-positive axon terminals forming symmetric synapses with GAD-positive basket cell bodies. However, numerous terminals forming symmetric axosomatic synapses with basket cells were not immunopositive, and other synapses formed by terminals were not classified because reaction product in the cell bodies obscured postsynaptic densities. Therefore, routine EM preparations were analyzed for symmetric and asymmetric axosomatic synapses on pyramidal basket cells and granule cells of SS and SR gerbils. The data obtained from these preparations showed that the pyramidal basket cells of SS gerbils had a selective increase in the number of symmetric synapses per 10 microns of soma as compared to those of the SR gerbils. In contrast, the granule cells did not show any significant difference in the number of either symmetric or asymmetric axosomatic synapses between SS and SR gerbils. These results indicate that pyramidal basket cell bodies of SS gerbils have more inhibitory synapses than do those of SR gerbils. The third experiment used SS gerbils with lesions of the perforant pathway that stopped seizure activity (Ribak, C. E., and S. U. Khan (1987) The effects of knife cuts of hippocampal pathways on epileptic activity in the seizure-sensitive gerbil. Brain Res. 418:251-260). The percentage of axon terminal area occupied by synaptic vesicles and their packing density was determined in CA3 mossy fiber boutons and compared for lesioned and nonlesioned SS gerbils. The mossy fibers of nonlesioned SS gerbils showed a depletion of synaptic vesicles consistent with the previous results of Peterson et al. (Peterson, G. M., C. E. Ribak, and W. H. Oertel (1985) A regional increase in the number of hippocampal GABAergic neurons and terminals in the seizure-sensitive gerbil. Brain Res. 340:384-389).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

提取-共沸精馏耦合工艺提取挥发油制备颈复康颗粒的活血化瘀作用

目的:研究提取-共沸精馏耦合工艺(water extraction coupling rectification,WER)提取挥发油制备颈复康颗粒对实验性体内、外血栓形成、血液黏度及脑血流量的影响,对WER工艺制备的颈复康颗粒进行药理学评价。方法:取SD大鼠40只,随机分成5组,每组8只。即颈复康颗粒高、低剂量组(12,6 g.kg-1)、WER工艺颈复康颗粒高、低剂量组(12,6 g.kg-1)及空白对照组,各组连续ig给药7 d。大鼠体外血栓形成:末次给药后2 h,自腹腔动脉取血,置体外血栓形成仪上测量血栓长度、湿重、干重;大鼠体内血栓形成:末次给药后2 h麻醉大鼠,分离颈总动脉,观察记录体内血栓形成时间;自腹腔静脉取血测定大鼠血小板聚集率、高切、中切、低切下全血黏度及血浆黏度;取健康成年家犬30只,分组及给药等同前,观察记录用药前后家犬脑血流量(cerebral blood flow,CBF)及脑血管阻力(cerebral vascular resistance,CVR),分析WER工艺与传统工艺制备的颈复康颗粒对上述各项指标的影响。结果:WER工艺提取挥发油制备的颈复康颗粒高、低剂量组均可显著延缓大鼠血栓形成时间(OT延长率为33.34%,18.87%),降低大鼠体外血栓长度、湿重和干重,降低血小板聚集率及全血黏度和血浆黏度(血小板5min聚集阻抗值分别为6.15Ω,7.24Ω),在末次给药后30～90 min均可增加家犬脑血流量,且与传统工艺颈复康颗粒同剂量组比较差异有显著性。结论:WER工艺提取挥发油制备的颈复康颗粒较传统工艺制备的颈复康颗粒具有更好的活血化瘀作用。     

小青龙汤配方颗粒与传统饮片中芍药苷含量的比较

目的 比较小青龙汤配方颗粒与传统饮片中芍药苷的含量。方法 采用高效液相色谱法进行分析比较研究。结果 该测定方法精密度、稳定性和重复性良好，平均回收率为101．78％，RSD=0．85％。结论 两种剂型中芍药苷的含量无明显差异。