P300 latency and amplitude in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review

The P300 plays a key role as a method for monitoring and evaluating dementia, including Alzheimer's disease.Objective: The goal of this study was to search for articles which analyzed P300 latency and amplitude values in Alzheimer's disease.Methods: We searched in the following databases: Web of Science, Pub Med, Psyc Info, Medline, Biological Abstracts and Scielo using the following keywords: speed of information processing, processing speed, information processing, aged, older, elderly, older people, alzheimer dementia, alzheimer disease, Alzheimer and cross-references of selected articles.Results: We found eight studies matching the inclusion criteria. These studies showed that there is a consensus on a P300 latency increase of elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease compared with subjects without the disease. However, it appears that, with respect to the P300 amplitude, there is still no consensus; however, it may be related to different methodological variables adopted in the reviewed studies.Conclusion: There is a need to standardize the variables involved in P300 measurement for senior citizens with Alzheimer's disease in order to be able to compare P300 latency and amplitude values for this population.     

A Group Randomized Intervention Trial Increases Participation in the School Breakfast Program in 16 Rural High Schools in Minnesota

BackgroundBreakfast consumption is associated with better diet quality and healthier weights, yet many adolescents miss breakfast. Nationally, 17.1% of students participate in the School Breakfast Program (SBP). Only 10% of high school students participate.ObjectiveOur aim was to evaluate an environmental intervention to increase SBP participation in high schools.DesignA group randomized trial was carried out from 2012 to 2015.Participants/settingNinth- and 10th-grade students enrolled in 16 rural schools in Minnesota (median 387 students) were randomized to intervention or control condition.InterventionA school-based intervention that included two key components was implemented over a 12-month period. One component focused on increasing SBP participation by increasing student access to school breakfast through changes in school breakfast service practices (eg, serving breakfast from a grab-n-go cart in the atrium; expanding breakfast service times). The other component focused on promoting school breakfast through student-directed marketing campaigns.Main outcome measureChange in school-level participation in the SBP was assessed between baseline (among ninth and tenth graders) and follow-up (among tenth and eleventh graders). School meal and attendance records were used to assess change in school-level participation rates in the SBP.Statistical analysesThe Wilcoxon test was used for analysis of difference in change in mean SBP participation rate by experimental group.ResultsThe median change in SBP participation rate between baseline and follow-up was 3% (interquartile range=13.5%) among the eight schools in the intervention group and 0.5% (interquartile range=0.7%) among the eight schools in the control group. This difference in change between groups was statistically significant (Wilcoxon test, P=0.03). The intervention effect increased throughout the intervention period, with change in mean SBP participation rate by the end of the school year reaching 10.3% (95% CI 3.0 to 17.6). However, among the intervention schools, the change in mean SBP participation rates was highly variable (range=–0.8% to 24.8%).ConclusionsInterventions designed to improve access to the SBP by reducing environmental and social barriers have potential to increase participation among high school students.     

Droplet digital PCR and qRT-PCR to detect circulating miR-21 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and pre-malignant laryngeal lesions

Conclusions: The present study indicates that miR-21 is involved in progression from normal to pre-malignant laryngeal lesions (PLLs) and from PLLs to laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Furthermore, normalized PCR results for miR-21 might be used to discriminate between normal and ordinary hyperplasia before the emergence of dysplasias and pre-malignant lesions with malignant potential. Objective: To investigate a sensitive marker that contributes to progression from normal tissue to PLLs and from PLLs to LSCC. Methods: In 116 PLLs and LSCC patients and 19 without dysplasia matched sets of tissue and plasma samples from Beijing Tongren Hospital, miR-21 was analysed by droplet digital PCR and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction based on paraffin-embedded tumour tissue and plasma. Results: Compared with controls, miR-21 levels in tissue and plasma were significantly higher for both PLL and LSCC groups (for both groups vs controls: p p?相似文献   

高危型HPV阳性宫颈癌患者miRNA-34a-5p的表达及临床意义

目的　探讨高危型人乳头状瘤病毒（high risk-human papilloma virus, HR-HPV）阳性宫颈癌患者组织及血清中微小RNA（microRNA, miRNA）-34a-5p的表达及其对宫颈癌的诊断价值。方法　将100例HR-HPV阳性宫颈癌患者（宫颈癌组）、70例宫颈上皮内瘤变（cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, CIN）患者（CIN组）、70例HR-HPV阳性子宫良性病变或者HPV单纯阳性的健康体检者（对照组）作为研究对象。采集上述研究对象的血清标本及70例行手术治疗的宫颈癌组患者癌组织及癌旁组织。使用实时荧光定量PCR技术测定组织及血清中miRNA-34a-5p水平，并分析miRNA-34a-5p与宫颈癌临床、病理指标的关联及血清miRNA-34a-5p对宫颈癌的诊断价值。结果　①对照组血清中miRNA-34a-5p的相对表达量高于CIN组和宫颈癌组：（0.933±0.097）vs.（0.554±0.099）vs.（0.369±0.099），差异有统计学意义（F=741.401，P=0.000）；宫颈癌组患者术前血清中miRNA-34a-5p相对表达量低于术后1周，差异有统计学意义（t=8.305，P=0.000）。有无淋巴结转移和有无远处转移的宫颈癌患者血清中miRNA-34a-5p相对表达量的差异有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）。②宫颈癌组患者癌旁组织中miRNA-34a-5p的相对表达量高于癌组织，差异具有统计学意义（t=40.313，P=0.000）。③宫颈癌组患者癌组织中的miRNA-34a-5p表达水平与血清中的表达水平呈正相关（r=0.908，P=0.000）。④以0.508为miRNA-34a-5p相对表达量的最佳临界值诊断宫颈癌，其灵敏度为83.6%，特异度为79.4%，AUC为0.860，95%置信区间为0.803～0.917。结论　HR-HPV阳性宫颈癌患者癌组织和血清中miRNA-34a-5p表达下调，对宫颈癌诊断及预后监测具有一定的参考价值。     

miRNA-34c在鼻咽癌组织中的表达及意义

目的检测miRNA-34c在鼻咽癌组织中的表达情况,并探讨其在鼻咽癌发生、发展中的意义。方法以实时定量聚合酶链式反应(quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,qRT-PCR)方法检测28例鼻咽癌石蜡包埋组织中相对于28例鼻咽部慢性炎症石蜡包埋组织中miRNA-34c的差异表达情况,并结合临床资料及随访结果分析miRNA-34c与鼻咽癌病例临床因素的相关性。结果鼻咽癌组织中miRNA-34c的相对表达量明显低于鼻咽部慢性炎症组织,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。且随着临床分期的增高、淋巴结转移,miRNA-34c的表达呈下降趋势。结论 miRNA-34c可能参与鼻咽癌的发生与发展,调控miRNA-34c的表达量有望为鼻咽癌的治疗提供一种新的思路或方法。