蛋白聚糖和ADAMTS-1在多囊卵巢综合征患者血清中的表达及其临床意义

目的：探讨蛋白聚糖（Versican）和Ⅰ型血小板结合蛋白基序的解聚蛋白样金属蛋白酶（ADAMTS-1）在多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）患者血清中的表达,阐明二者在PCOS发病中的作用。方法：选取80例PCOS患者（PCOS组）和100名正常体检妇女（对照组）为研究对象,测量2组受试对象身高和体质量,计算体质量指数（BMI）;采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）法检测2组受试对象血清中Versican和ADAMTS-1水平,测定2组受试对象血清中卵泡刺激素（FSH）、黄体生成激素（LH）、睾酮（T）、空腹血糖（FBG）和空腹胰岛素等水平;采用胰岛素抵抗指数稳态模式评估法（HOMA-IR）评估胰岛素抵抗。采用Pearson直线相关分析法分析Versican和ADAMTS-1与代谢指标的相关性。结果：PCOS组患者血清中Versican水平低于对照组（P=0.004）,PCOS组患者血清中ADAMTS-1水平低于对照组（P<0.01）。Versican和ADAMTS-1预测PCOS的灵敏度、特异度、受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线下面积（AUC）分别为76.74% vs 63.64%（P=0.018）、52.94% vs 40.73%（P=0.009）和0.675（0.550~0.795）vs 0.714（0.601~0.827）（P=0.032）。PCOS组患者Versican水平与FBG水平呈负相关关系（r=-0.738,P=0.022）,ADAMTS-1水平与FBG水平亦呈负相关关系（r=-0.524,P=0.043）。结论：Versican和ADAMTS-1在PCOS患者外周血中低表达,并与胰岛素抵抗呈负相关关系,在PCOS发生中可能起抑制作用。     

Herpesvirus saimiri-based endothelin-converting enzyme-1 shRNA expression decreases prostate cancer cell invasion and migration

The zinc metalloprotease, endothelin-converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1), which converts the mitogenic peptide endothelin-1 (ET-1) from its biologically inactive precursor big-ET-1, is commonly upregulated in prostate cancer (PC) cells. Consequently, we have sought to suppress ECE-1 expression by using RNAi as a potentially novel therapeutic approach. Therefore, a synthetic 64-nt short-hairpin RNA (shRNA), designed to target the ECE-1 gene, was expressed in an Herpesvirus saimiri (HVS)-based delivery vector. ECE-1 expression in cells transduced with the vector was examined by real-time PCR and Western blotting. The effects of ECE-1 knockdown on PC cell migration and invasion were studied using a scratch assay and Matrigel invasion. These studies, in vitro and ex vivo, demonstrated that the HVS-shRNA viruses could infect and silence ECE-1 expression effectively in human PC cells. Furthermore, it was observed that ECE-1 knockdown in either stromal cells or epithelial cells could significantly reduce invasion of PC-3 cells in coculture by 33 and 31%, respectively. In addition, suppressed migration was also observed in HVS-ECE-1 shRNA-infected PC-3 cells compared to uninfected and HVS-GFP-infected control cell cultures. These findings highlight the potential tumor-suppressing effect of ECE-1 knockdown in cancer cells and novel strategies for future therapeutic developments in advanced PC.     

Expression of miR-125b in the new, highly invasive glioma stem cell and progenitor cell line SU3

MicroRNA (miR)-125b has been shown to play a potential role in the development of glioma stem cells.However,the relationship between miRNA and glioma stem cells is still elusive.This study was designed to elucidate this potential relationship.We established a highly invasive glioma stem cell and progenitor (GSCP) cell line SU3.SU3 cell suspensions were injected into nude mice brains in situ,and the invasiveness of graft tumors was analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin staining as well as immunohistochemistry.Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to measure the expression levels of miR-125b in SU3 and other cells.In vitro,SU3 cells expressed CD133 and nestin as well as differentiation markers glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and β-tubulin III,which were consistent with the characteristics of glioma stem cells.Scratch assays indicated that the migration ability of SU3 cells was stronger than that of U251 stem cells (U251s).In vivo,SU3 cells invaded into each part of the mouse brain from the caudate nucleus in a diffuse pattern and highly expressed invasive and proliferative cell markers matrix metalloprotease 2 (MMP2),MMP9,and Ki-67.Real-time PCR results revealed that the levels of miR-125b and MMP9 were significantly higher in SU3 and SU2,also a highly invasive GSCP cell line we established before,than in U251s.High expression of miR-125b both in newly established GSCPs,SU3,and long-term cultured GSCPs,SU2 suggests that miR-125b exhibits oncogene-like behavior.This behavior should be considered in further studies of miR-125b in cancer stem cells.Furthermore,MMP9,which plays a role in cancer stem cell invasion,may be a target gene of miR-125b.     

Investigation of vasculogenic mimicry in sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid

Purpose: Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is a newly proposed pattern of tumour angiogenesis that has been identified in some malignancies and is associated with poor prognosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether sebaceous carcinomas of the eyelid exhibit VM and to determine whether these fluid‐conducting patterns are associated with clinicopathologic features, the number of microvessels and the levels of endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloprotease‐2 (MMP‐2) in tumours. Methods: Forty paraffin‐embedded samples of sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid were collected, along with complete clinical and pathologic data for all the cases. Tissue sections were stained for CD34, periodic acid and Schiff (PAS), VEGF and MMP‐2. VM was identified by the presence of PAS‐positive and CD34‐negative loops lined by tumour cells. The VM status of tumour samples was compared with the clinical and pathological data using statistical tests. The levels of VEGF, MMP‐2 and the number of microvessels were compared between patients with and without VM. Results: VM was detected in 14 of 40 (35%) tumour samples. The existence of VM in tumours was associated with tumour size (p = 0.007) and recurrence (p = 0.021). The number of microvessels was lower in tumours with VM (13.03 ± 4.02 versus 22.99 ± 7.72; p < 0.0001). The staining index of MMP‐2 was higher in tumours with VM (27.43, range: 0–5.3) compared to tumours without VM (16.77, range: 0–2.7; p = 0.004). However, there was no difference in the expression of VEGF between groups with and without VM (p = 0.244). Conclusions: Vasculogenic mimicry is present in sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid making it an unfavourable prognosis sign. MMP‐2 is associated with VM formation in sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid.     

ADAM10在小鼠颅面部膜内成骨过程中的表达

目的观察解聚素样金属蛋白酶10(A disintegrin and metalloprotease 10,ADAM10)在小鼠颅面部骨骼膜发育过程中的表达变化。方法以野生型C57BL/6小鼠为实验对象,阿辛蓝-茜素红染色显示小鼠膜内成骨区域,结合免疫组织荧光,检测ADAM10在骨组织中的表达。三标免疫荧光观察ADAM10在MC3T3细胞系中亚细胞定位。蛋白免疫印迹检测ADAM10在小鼠出生前后的表达量变化。结果组织阿辛蓝茜素红染色显示小鼠前颅骨、鼻旁软骨、上颌骨、腭板和下颌骨成骨活跃,并结合免疫组织荧光检测,发现ADAM10在小鼠前颌骨、鼻旁软骨、上颌骨、腭板和下颌骨广泛表达,且主要表达在成骨活跃的区域。MC3T3细胞三标免疫荧光检测进一步定位ADAM10广泛分布在胞浆中,在质膜和细胞核附近表达高;其胞核附近的高表达信号与高尔基体共标,提示其可能在高尔基体中加工后至细胞膜发挥功能。同时,蛋白免疫印迹结果证实,ADAM10在小鼠出生前后表达高,成年后表达明显降低。结论 ADAM10广泛表达于小鼠早期颅面部膜内成骨活跃区域,提示其可能调控小鼠颅面部膜内成骨过程。     

ADAM17-shRNA转染的骨髓间充质干细胞对裸鼠乳腺癌移植瘤生长的影响

目的:探讨转染解聚素-金属蛋白酶17-shRNA(a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17-shRNA,ADAM 17-shRNA)的骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenehymal stem cells,BMMSC)对乳腺癌MCF-7细胞裸鼠移植瘤的抑制效果.方法:全骨髓贴壁法分离并培养3周雄性SD大鼠的BMMSC,利用慢病毒介导的ADAM17-shRNA转染BMMSC.30只裸鼠建立MCF-7乳腺癌移植瘤模型,种植肿瘤细胞14d后建模成功.按照数字表法随机分成对照组(注射等量PBS)、BMMSC组(注射l×106/mlBMMSC)和转染组(注射1×106/ml转染ADAM 17-shRNA的BMMSC),每组10只.在种植细胞第15天开始经尾静脉注射BMMSC进行抑瘤实验(0.1 ml/只,每3d给药1次,共计5次),观察裸小鼠移植瘤的生长情况;抑瘤实验16d后处死裸鼠.利用Real-time PCR法检测移植瘤组织ADAM17 mRNA表达,Westem blotting法检测移植瘤组织ADAM 17蛋白表达.结果:抑瘤实验16d时,对照组、BMMSC组移植瘤体积明显高于转染组[(787.15±25.95)、(767.02±28.98) vs (361.89±19.75)mm3,均P＜0.01];BMMSC组、转染组抑瘤率明显高于对照组(2.57％、53.89％ vs 0.00％,均P＜0.05).对照组、BMMSC组ADAM17 mRNA的表达水平明显高于转染组(1.00±0.01、0.97±0.08 vs 0.30±0.09,均P＜0.05);对照组、BMMSC组ADAM 17蛋白表达水平明显高于转染组(0.70±0.09、0.68±0.02 vs 0.45±0.05,均P＜0.05).结论:ADAM 17-shRNA通过BMMSC介导可将ADAM17靶向归巢至裸鼠乳腺癌移植瘤并发挥抑瘤作用.     

iRhom2 regulates CSF1R cell surface expression and non‐steady state myelopoiesis in mice

CSF1R (colony stimulating factor 1 receptor) is the main receptor for CSF1 and has crucial roles in regulating myelopoeisis. CSF1R can be proteolytically released from the cell surface by ADAM17 (A disintegrin and metalloprotease 17). Here, we identified CSF1R as a major substrate of ADAM17 in an unbiased degradomics screen. We explored the impact of CSF1R shedding by ADAM17 and its upstream regulator, inactive rhomboid protein 2 (iRhom2, gene name Rhbdf2), on homeostatic development of mouse myeloid cells. In iRhom2‐/‐ mice, we found constitutive accumulation of membrane‐bound CSF1R on myeloid cells at steady state, although cell numbers of these populations were not altered. However, in the context of mixed bone marrow (BM) chimera, under competitive pressure, iRhom2‐/‐ BM progenitor‐derived monocytes, tissue macrophages and lung DCs showed a repopulation advantage over those derived from wild‐type (WT) BM progenitors, suggesting enhanced CSF1R signaling in the absence of iRhom2. In vitro experiments indicate that iRhom2‐/‐ Lin^?SCA‐1⁺c‐Kit⁺ (LSKs) cells, but not granulocyte‐macrophage progenitors (GMPs), had faster growth rates than WT cells in response to CSF1. Our results shed light on an important role of iRhom2/ADAM17 pathway in regulation of CSF1R shedding and repopulation of monocytes, macrophages and DCs.     

解整合素-金属蛋白酶33基因T1位点多态性与哮喘相关性研究

目的 探讨解整合素-金属蛋白酶33(ADAM33)基因中的T1位点不同基因型及等位基因的分布频率,与支气管哮喘及血浆IgE水平的相关性.方法 对122例陕西关中地区汉族哮喘儿童(哮喘组)及137例对照儿童(对照组)应用聚合酶链反应结合限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法检测位点多态性;通过ELISA法检测血浆IgE水平.结果 与对照组相比,哮喘组血浆总IgE水平显著上升(P ＜ 0.001).在该地区儿童中只检测到T1位点的2种基因型(TT和CT),哮喘组2种基因型的分布频率分别为85.2%和14.8%,对照组分别为86.1%和13.9%,两组分布频率差异无统计学意义(χ2 ＝ 0.041,P ＞ 0.05);哮喘组的T等位基因和C等位基因频率分别为92.6%、7.4%,对照组分别为93.1%、6.9%,两组分布差异也无统计学意义(χ2 ＝ 0.038,P ＞ 0.05).259例(包括对照组和哮喘组)样本和122例哮喘样本的血浆IgE水平在不同基因型均无差异.结论 在陕西关中地区汉族儿童中,ADAM33基因T1位点基因多态性与哮喘不相关,也不影响血浆IgE水平.