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81.
This paper presents results of an in vitro investigation of the optical anisotropy of the human cornea. Computer controlled imaging polarimetry and the Jones formalism were used to investigate the distribution of the birefringence and the azimuth angle across the surface of 12 corneas taken from the corneal bank. Each map of the birefringence and the azimuth angle has no rotational symmetry and is different for each cornea. The minimal value of the birefringence always appears in the corneal centre and varies from 9 to 43 degrees for different corneas. Birefringence of the cornea increases monotonically more than one order in the direction of the corneal periphery. Close to the centre of the cornea the azimuth angle is almost constant and varies significantly away from the optical part of the cornea. 相似文献
82.
Mark A. Bullimore Bernard Gilmartin 《Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology》1988,69(4):385-397
The accommodative response of 12 emmetropic subjects was measured for an array of numbers located at -1,-3 and -5 dioptres using an objective infra-red optometer. Responses were compared for passive (reading numbers) and active (adding numbers) conditions. The imposition of mental effort induced a significant increase in mean response for the -1 D stimulus, a response equivalent to the passive condition at -3 D and a reduction in response at -5 D. Mental effort induced similar responses for the -1 D and -3 D locations when sympathetic innervation to the ciliary muscle was blocked with the beta-receptor antagonist timolol maleate. Responses for the -5 D location were, however, significantly increased. It is proposed that sympathetic inhibition can modify the effect of mental effort on near accommodative responses. 相似文献
83.
84.
ChanMA RMN DipN PGCEA Head of Mental Health & RudmanMA RMN RCNT DipNEd Tutor 《Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing》1998,5(2):143-146
Debate about the best paradigm for mental health nursing is compounded by threats from mainstreaming and genericism. In nursing education, integrated practice may have been devalued in a matrix of reductionist disciplines. The 'gendered' nature of professional knowledge may create a schismatic and self-defeating attitude in nurses. Conversely, nurses may be exhorted to adopt a 'male' paradigm in order to gain academic credibility, in which the caring dimension may be lost. Other polarities such as ideological distinctions between treatment in hospital and care in the community lead to conceptual confusion. These schisms in care are detrimental to both professionals and users. The writers argue that these tensions may be addressed in an 'androgenous' model which presents a challenge to both value systems, rejects the dominance of schismatic models, and offers the potential for a new professional integrity. 相似文献
85.
Parental alcoholism and early child development 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In a cohort of 532 pregnant women from the general population, it was found by compilation of the results from interviews, police records, hospital records and social welfare records that 23 mothers and 51 fathers in 64 families (12%) were suffering from alcoholism/heavy drinking. In these 64 families, the mother was an addict in only 13 families, both parents were addicts in 10 families, and in the remaining 41 families only the father was an addict. Pregnancy, delivery, the newborn child and the child's development until their fourth year of life have been described using a multidisciplinary approach and a longitudinal prospective design. An hypothesis on mental and physical development, and the occurrence of psychopathological symptoms in the children was tested. None of the children of the 13 alcoholic mothers was born with foetal alcohol syndrome, but foetal hazard was indicated by lower birth weight and a higher rate of perinatal deaths. Children of alcoholic parents had retarded mental development and showed more behavioural problems until 4 years of age than controls, but the differences related to physical development during the first year of life had then disappeared. Boys were found to be more vulnerable than girls. The consequences of behaviour seemed to be more pronounced when both parents were alcoholics. No obvious deviation was found when only the father was addicted. Regarding mental development, it appears that factors related to parental alcoholism, including genetic and social factors, and the sex of the child, are of greater importance than the neonatal score on reduced optimality. 相似文献
86.
Mono- or Polypharmacotherapy in Institutionalized Epileptic Children with Severe Mental Retardation?
ABSTRACT. Nine severely mentally retarded patients with severe epilepsy who were living in an institution were studied during a three-year period by a multi-disciplinary team. A seizure rate serum level chart was made for each patient. It served as the basis for monthly discussions in the team about medication changes. Drug plasma concentrations were monitored monthly. Statistical comparisons between seizure frequency on different drug regimens were made by χ2 test. Withdrawal of all medication was possible in one case and reduction to monotherapy in two cases. In the remainder of the patients a combination of two or three anticonvulsants gave the best clinical effect. We thus found polypharmacotherapy necessary for some severely retarded patients with epilepsy. Our multidisciplinary approach and chart monitoring system has many advantages and is valuable for the medical care and drug treatment of this patient category. 相似文献
87.
Anne‐Marie Baronet 《Family relations》2003,52(2):137-142
This study examined the impact of family support and relationship difficulties between the caregiver and the care recipient on caregivers' satisfaction received from caregiving activities and subjective burden. Ninety‐seven individuals caring for a spouse or an adult child with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder participated in the study. Using hierarchical multiple regression analyses, findings showed that relationship difficulties between the caregiver and the care recipient were associated with both satisfaction received from caregiving activities and subjective burden, after the effects of personal, contextual, and stressor variables were controlled. Family support was not associated with caregivers' appraisal of the situation. 相似文献
88.
Kent Burnett Gail Ironson Charles Benight Christina Wynings Debra Greenwood Charles S. Carver Dean Cruess Andrew Baum Neil Schneiderman 《Journal of traumatic stress》1997,10(4):673-681
The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a measure of perceived disruption during rebuilding following a disaster. Two eight-item scales, which measured intensity of disruption during the entire repair phase (Intensity-RP) and intensity of disruption during the past month (Intensity-PM) were developed and administered to 135 survivors of Hurricane Andrew. At 9 to 12 months postdisaster, Intensity-RP and Intensity-PM were both significantly associated with scores on the Global Severity Index of the SCL-90-R, and with scores on the Impact of Event-Intrusion Scale; Intensity-PM alone was significantly associated with PTSD scores. Regression analyses indicated that each scale contributed significant unique variance in predicting mental health symptoms, even after controlling for relevant demographic and initial disaster exposure variables. 相似文献
89.
Yoshihiko Tsuji Hiroaki Ohue Hiroshi Ikuta Osamu Kinoshita Fumio Shibagaki 《Surgery today》1997,27(5):387-391
Between January 1985 and September 1994, 21 patients with psychiatric disorders underwent various forms of surgery at our
hospital. There were 12 men and 9 women with an average age of 57.6 years. The coexisting psychiatric disorders were schizophrenia
in 15 patients, depression in 2, dementia in 2, mental retardation with epilepsy in 1, and Parkinson's disease in 1. All the
patients had been receiving neuroleptic medications for a long period. The indications for surgery were: cholelithiasis in
6 patients, acute appendicitis in 4, perforation of the small intestine in 3, incarceration of an inguinal hernia in 2, and
esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, bleeding from a gastric ulcer, perforation of a duodenal ulcer, strangulating ileus, and
burns in 1 patient each, respectively. All of the patients who underwent elective surgery were given epidural anesthesia with
or without general anesthesia. Antipsychotic medications were given until just prior to surgery and recommenced concurrent
with the first meal. Abnormal behavior was observed in 11 patients (52.4%) postoperatively, but all the patients were discharged
in accordance with recovery from their surgical disorder. Intra- and postoperative hypotension resistant to intravenous catecholamine
administration was recognized in 9 patients (42.9%), and this peculiar complication should be borne in mind when patients
with psychiatric disorders require surgical management.
Presented at the 94th annual meeting of the Japanese Surgical Society, held in Tokyo in March, 1994 相似文献
90.
朱斯琴 《内蒙古医学院学报》1998,(1)
目的:了解医科大学生的心理健康状况并进行民族、性别的比较。方法:采用SCL-90量表进行测查并进行统计分析。结果与结论:医科大学生SCL-90各因子均值都高于全国常模,有191%的学生存在较严重的心理卫生问题;汉族学生的心理卫生问题较蒙古族学生严重;女生的心理卫生问题较男生严重;人际关系、忧郁、强迫化是医科大学生主要的心理卫生问题。 相似文献