关键知情人对河南省社区卫生服务机构反应性的评价研究

目的:了解河南省社区卫生服务机构反应性水平。方法:采用制定的《河南省社区卫生反应性调查表(关键知情人)》问卷,调查社区卫生服务机构关键知情人。采用多输入优序图列法确定河南省社区卫生服务机构反应性各维度权重,采用模糊综合评价法评价反应性水平,采用反应性不平等指数测量反应性分布。结果:共调查有效关键知情人431位。问卷各维度Cronbachα系数均大于0.623,总量表Cronbachα系数为0.850;重测信度的各维度相关系数均大于0.907。反应性水平与分布指数分别为8.33和0.2744,各维度重要性排序为:及时关注尊严基础设施交流保密性社会支持选择性自主性。关键知情人认为脆弱人群在社区卫生机构有时或经常受到不公平对待的比例约为50%。结论:关键知情人认为河南省社区卫生服务机构的反应性水平总体较高,反应性分布比较均衡。但认为在基础设施、对患者的隐私保护、与患者的交流沟通等方面存在很大不足。     

Managing hospitalized hemodialysis patients: A guide for the non-nephrologist

In-hospital care of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, on hemodialysis, is different from the general population in various aspects. Non-nephrologists do not typically receive specialized training to take care of these patients. However, in most circumstances, they serve as the primary attending for these patients in the hospital setting. There is paucity of the literature guiding non-nephrologists on this important issue. This article highlights the key management aspects of in-hospital care of these patients that all the non-nephrologists should know.     

An occult finding in heparin drip order set

Background: In 1998, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) noted that the American healthcare system had many problems. A major concern was the pervasiveness of medical errors. Electronic medical records (EMR) were introduced for myriad of reasons, one being to reduce these errors. Within the EMR, order sets have been shown to reduce variation in clinical practice and improve the quality of care. However, the lack of standardization in these sets enables peculiar orders, such as fecal occult blood test (FOBT) in the heparin drip order set at our hospital, to be surprisingly included. Our study was conducted to evaluate the consequences associated with having FOBT in this order set. Methods: A retrospective study of 898 adult hospitalized patients over a 6-month period, who had a heparin drip ordered at a single academic center, was conducted. The main focus of our study was the 130 patients for whom the FOBT was sent. Results: Fifteen percent (n = 130) of patients started on IV heparin had FOBT sent, of which 33 (25%) came back positive. Approximately one-third (36%) of the positive results were documented by a provider, either in a progress note or discharge summary. In eight instances of a positive FOBT (24%), the heparin drip was stopped. For 10 patients with a positive test (30%), gastroenterology was consulted, and 4 (12%) patients had inpatient endoscopy. Five patients with positive FOBT died while in the hospital (15%) as compared to seven patients (7%) in the negative FOBT group, p < 0.05. Conclusions: Most patients started on heparin did not have FOBT tested, and the results changed management infrequently, even when positive. The regular review of all order sets is imperative to ensure that they remain evidenced-based and sensible.     

A Comparison of Outpatient Healthcare Expenditures Between Public and Private Medical Institutions in Urban China: An Instrumental Variable Approach

The growth of healthcare expenditure provokes constant comments and discussions, as countries battle the issues on cost containment and cost effectiveness. Prior to 1978, medical institutions in China were either state‐owned or were collective public hospitals. Since 1978, China has been trying to rebuild its healthcare system, which was destroyed during the ‘cultural revolution’, allowing private medical institutions to deliver healthcare services. As a result, private medical institutions have grown from 0% to 28.57% between 1978 and 2010. In this context, we compare outpatient healthcare expenditures between public and private medical institutions. The central problem of this comparison is that the choice of medical institution is endogenous. So we apply an instrumental variable (IV) framework utilizing geographic information (whether the closest medical institution is private) as the instrument while controlling for severity of health and other relevant confounding factors. Using China's Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance Survey 2008–2010, we found that there is no difference in expenditure between public and private medical institutions when IV framework is used. Our econometric tests suggest that our IV model is specified appropriately. However, the ordinary least square model, which is inconsistent in the presence of endogenous regressor(s), reveals that public medical institutions are more expensive. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Electronic Public Health Registry of Extensively Drug-Resistant Organisms,Illinois, USA

In response to clusters of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in Illinois, USA, the Illinois Department of Public Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Chicago Prevention Epicenter launched a statewide Web-based registry designed for bidirectional data exchange among health care facilities. CRE occurrences are entered and searchable in the system, enabling interfacility communication of patient information. For rapid notification of facilities, admission feeds are automated. During the first 12 months of implementation (November 1, 2013–October 31, 2014), 1,557 CRE reports (≈4.3/day) were submitted from 115 acute care hospitals, 5 long-term acute care hospitals, 46 long-term care facilities, and 7 reference laboratories. Guided by a state and local public health task force of infection prevention specialists and microbiologists and a nonprofit informatics entity, Illinois Department of Public Health deployed a statewide registry of extensively drug-resistant organisms. The legal, technical, and collaborative underpinnings of the system enable rapid incorporation of other emerging organisms.     

品管圈活动在降低医疗设备应用风险中的应用

为降低医疗设备的故障率和应用风险,提高医疗设备的应用安全与质量,本文通过品管圈活动,采用PDCA方法,结合医院医疗设备的实际情况,按照组圈、主题选定、计划拟定、现状把握、目标设定、解析、对策拟定、对策实施与讨论、效果确认、标准化、检讨与改进等品管圈活动的基本步骤,对全院医疗设备维护种类和维护项目进行完善和改进,提高医疗设备的维护保养率和完好率,构建医疗设备维护保养和质量控制体系。