Effects of cadaver dissection on the attitudes of medical students

Summary: Summary. A study was conducted to determine whether the attitudes of medical students to death and caring changed during the 3 months following exposure to cadaver dissection. All first-year students were invited to complete a questionnaire immediately before their initial cadaver dissection experience, after 6 weeks, and after a further 3 months. The questionnaire reflected attitudes to death, violent death, death of someone known to the respondent and caring when someone known to the respondent is seriously injured. Ethnicity and previous exposure to dying has no effect on responses, but overall men students' reactions were significantly less than for women ( P < 0.001). The responses given on the final part of the questionnaire after 3 months were significantly lower than those to most questions in the first part of the questionnaire. The exceptions were those questions where the subject in the given scenario was known to the respondent, where reactions were rated significantly greater ( P < 0.001) in the follow-up questionnaire and can be explained on the basis that they were a personal referent.
Students rapidly develop a coping mechanism which enables them to view cadaver dissection as an occupation quite divorced from living human beings. During these early months of training solicitude decreases for those who die who are unknown to them, but concern for personal referents increases. Educators should be aware of the dramatic change of attitudes among students and the process of professionalization which might influence their caring of future patients.     

The potential of an anaesthesiologist–manned ambulance service in a rural/urban district

The use of anaesthesiologists in prehospital emergency care is controversial. We wanted to assess the impact of an anaesthesiologist and a short time interval from acceptance of a mission to take–off at survival rates in a rural/urban emergency medical service. Prospectively registered data for 991 consecutive patients through a 12–month period were retrospectively evaluated by an independent foreign expert. Of all primary missions, 3.3% were considered probably lifesaving from site of injury to receiving hospital. Of these, the lifesaving result in 50% were dependent on both the qualifications of the anaesthesiologist and a short response time. Survival from hospital admission to discharge was 44%. All patients were discharged to their own homes, able to live a fully functional life. The consistent use of anaesthesiologists compared to less qualified personnel and the maintaining of response times below presently required minima doubles the potential for lives saved in services comparable to the one studied.     

沂蒙山区医院医疗质量管理现状调查

目的：调查本地区医疗质量管理现状，研究提高医疗质量的对策。方法：采用分层抽样调查方法，对本区域24所不同级别医院的医疗质量进行全面调查。结果：各医院在门(急)诊管理、医技、临床医疗、感染控制、护理管理等方面都不同程度地存在医疗质量缺陷。结论：落实各项规章制度，强化医疗服务，提高医护质量，确保医疗安全。     

红景天素抗肿瘤作用的研究

本研究通过体外培养５种人癌细胞（肝癌、胃癌、肺癌、Ｈｅｌａ细胞和咽癌）和小鼠移植性肿瘤实验，证明了红景天素可明显抑制３种癌细胞的生长增殖，可提高荷瘤小鼠的存活率，延长其生存期，抑瘤率在５０％以上。结果提示红景天素对体外培养３种癌细胞和小鼠Ｓ１８０。细胞均有一定的抑制作用。     

Risk factors for Caesarean section in Italy: results of amulticentre study

A recent large increase in Caesarean section (CS) in Italy was the initial stimulus for a study to identify risk factors for CS and, if possible, to suggest strategies to counteract the rise. The study was conducted in three hospitals where a wide range of individual variables was collected from the clinical records and from personal interviews. Crude CS rates and odds ratios were evaluated for each single variable while logistic regression has been used to investigate possible confounding factors. The study involved 1316 consecutive deliveries. Crude CS rates were 29.4%, 15.7% and 16.1%. Variables identified as high risk factors were pre-eclampsia, previous CS, breech and other non-vertex presentations. Antenatal care under an obstetrician working in the same hospital, a low number of antenatal consultations, previous miscarriages, offer (by obstetrician) and request (by women) for CS showed significantly high odds ratios (ORs). Previous live births was strongly negatively associated with CS. No relationship between type of delivery and social status was observed while a physician factor was detected in all three hospitals where rates for different physicians ranged from 0% to 52.8%. Apart from the main medical indications for Caesarean section (previous CS, breech presentation), the results seem to indicate that individual practice style may be an important determinant of the wide variation in the rates of Caesarean delivery. While this may have been suspected before this study, these results are the first hard data to indicate that, in Italy, CS is widely performed for non-medical reasons.     

论模块化医院船

随着模块化技术的形成和集装箱运输的发展，国外在医院船的建造中模块化技术得到应用，并发挥了快捷经济的效果，船用医疗模块系统装备（医疗集装箱组）加载在集装箱运输船上，即组建模块化医院船，是战时征用民船转换为医院船的理想途径，具有极大的军事，经济效益。     

医疗器械不良事件监测-现状与展望

介绍医疗器械不良事件的基本概念,论述美国、欧盟、日本和有关国际组织关于医疗器械不良事件监测的管理规定,并回顾和展望我国在该领域的相关工作.     

大型医院病案信息化的管理与实践

病案作为医学临床信息的重要载体，只有将其进行海量存储、快速查阅、远程传输，使之活跃起来，才能真正地满足医疗、教学、科研和管理的需要。将传统的纸质病案进行扫描后保存为光盘，并存入光盘镜像服务器中，实现了网上实时访问、检索、查询、浏览和传输功能，并可以利用病案管理软件进行相应的统计和分析。为医疗信息资源进一步开发和利用，探索了一条大型医院病案信息化管理的有效途径。     

东南大学医学影像学专业(本科五年制)教学计划的构思

修订东南大学医学影像学专业本科五年制教学计划：坚持遵循教育教学的基本规律，坚持知识、能力、素质协调发展和综合提高的原则和方法。打通公共基础，建立通识教育基础平台：拓宽学科基础课，增加基础学科选修课；凝炼专业主干课程，加强临床实践环节；前期趋同，宽口径专业培养，后期分流灵活专业方向，实现专才向通才、教学向教育和传授向学习的转变。培养和造就高层次医学影像学专业人才，以适应影像设备迅猛发展的需要，适应影像学科建设的需要，适应培养新世纪医学影像学专业人才的需要。