新生儿筛查健康教育适宜方式探讨

目的 :探讨广州地区 13个区县新生儿健康教育适宜方式的需求状况 ,根据需求 ,提供最适宜的健康教育方式。方法 :以定性问卷方式调查 13个区县新生儿健康教育适宜方式的需求状况并统计分析。结果 :各区县对健康教育的总需求为 10 0 % ,但需求的各种健康教育方式有显著性差异。结论 :根据不同的需求 ,提供最适宜的健康教育方式 (各种教材及各种教学方式 ) ,使达到“知、信、行”的 〔1〕目的 ,对促进新生儿筛查工作的开展 ,提高出生人口素质有着积极的作用     

福建省商业补充医疗保险情况分析

该文对福建省10个统筹地区的商业补充医疗保险情况进行分析,发现全省商业补充医疗保险的平均理赔率为1.47‰,各统筹地区理赔率差别有显著性意义(X2=666.82,P＜0.01).全省商业补充医疗保险的平均赔付率为103.4%,人均给付金额2.27万元.探讨了部分统筹地区商业补充医疗保险亏损原因及经验教训,提出了做好商业补充医疗保险的几点建议.     

Cooperative extension initiatives in marriage and couples education

Cooperative extension has a long‐term history of delivering family life education. Further, the organization has developed numerous research‐based resources and undertaken statewide initiatives in marriage and couples education. Most promising of all is the work of a group of extension specialists to create a practical, research‐based curriculum that may reach communities in the United States through the established network of extension educators and their collaborators. We review various family relationship models and describe how the design of the new couples' curriculum is based on those models.     

Understanding Employee Awareness of Health Care Quality Information: How Can Employers Benefit?

Objective. To analyze the factors associated with employee awareness of employer-disseminated quality information on providers.
Data Sources. Primary data were collected in 2002 on a stratified, random sample of 1,365 employees in 16 firms that are members of the Buyers Health Care Action Group (BHCAG) located in the Minneapolis–St. Paul region. An employer survey was also conducted to assess how employers communicated the quality information to employees.
Study Design. In 2001, BHCAG sponsored two programs for reporting provider quality. We specify employee awareness of the quality information to depend on factors that influence the benefits and costs of search. Factors influencing the benefits include age, sex, provider satisfaction, health status, job tenure, and Twin Cities tenure. Factors influencing search costs include employee income, education, and employer communication strategies. We estimate the model using bivariate probit analysis.
Data Collection. Employee data were collected by phone survey.
Principal Findings. Overall, the level of quality information awareness is low. However, employer communication strategies such as distributing booklets to all employees or making them available on request have a large effect on the probability of quality information awareness. Employee education and utilization of providers' services are also positively related to awareness.
Conclusions. This study is one of the first to investigate employee awareness of provider quality information. Given the direct implications for medical outcomes, one might anticipate higher rates of awareness regarding provider quality, relative to plan quality. However, we do not find empirical evidence to support this assertion.     

Perspectives on colorectal cancer screening: a focus group study

Objective To assess attitudes and acceptability of Ontario consumers and doctors towards colorectal screening with faecal occult blood testing (FOBT) and colonoscopy. Design, setting and participants Focus groups with gender‐specific samples of the population, high‐risk gastroenterology patients and family doctors. Method Semi‐structured interview guides used by facilitator to lead groups through knowledge of risk factors and prevention of colorectal cancer, the screening modalities, requirements for implementing screening programmes, barriers to screening and preferences towards screening. Main findings There were low levels of knowledge about colorectal cancer and its prevention in the general population. FOBT was an acceptable screening modality, but considerable education about its use and benefits would be necessary to implement a screening programme. Colonoscopy was not perceived to be a good choice for a primary screen in the general population. The high‐risk group supported use of FOBT in the general population and emphasized the need for education. The doctors were more reluctant about screening, requesting clear guidelines. They also identified the time and resources that would be required if a screening programme were initiated. Conclusion While colorectal screening is acceptable in this sample, information and decision aids are required to enable consumers and providers to make effective decisions. Implementation of colorectal screening programmes requires substantial educational efforts for both consumers and doctors.     

Spectacle use and reduced unaided vision in third grade students: a comparative study in different educational settings

Background: The development of myopia is influenced by hereditary factors, environmental factors and geneenvironment interaction. Reading and near‐work activity are associated with myopia and myopic progression. This study sought to determine and compare the prevalence of reduced unaided vision and spectacle use among third grade Israeli students from three different educational settings. Method: A sample of 917 students (mean age 8.5 years, range seven to 10 years) was drawn from the three Israeli educational streams: secular, Orthodox and ultra‐Orthodox. Children in the ultra‐Orthodox education pathway begin studying at the age of three years and their daily reading involves sustained near work with increased accommodative effort accompanied by head‐rocking movements. Reduced distance vision was used to indicate the likely development of or an increase in the amount of myopia. Spectacle lenses were measured to determine the prevalence of myopia. Results: Of the 917 students studied, 103 (11.2 per cent) wore spectacles (14.2 per cent of the males and eight per cent of the females); 82.5 per cent of those who wore spectacles were myopic. Males from ultra‐Orthodox schools had the highest rate of reduced unaided vision (72.5 per cent) compared with males from secular schools (27.3 per cent), males from Orthodox schools (59.3 per cent) or with females from all three groups (average of 34.8 per cent, p < 0.0001, chi squared). Males had a higher rate of reduced unaided vision, especially in the Orthodox and ultra‐Orthodox schools. Conclusions: Our study suggests that Jewish ultra‐Orthodox males have a higher prevalence and degree of myopia. The study habits of young children, including exposure to prolonged near tasks, high accommodative demands and possibly optical defocus induced by body sway, may contribute to the development of myopia.     

陕西省农村医疗机构现状研究

本研究采用定性与定量方法分析陕西省农村医疗卫生机构现状。研究表明，陕西省农村卫生组织仍不能适应农村经济发展和群众医疗保健需要，与全面实现小康和基本实现现代化的目标还有相当大的差距。一是农村卫生经济政策贯彻不力。二是农村卫生人员素质不高，学历结构不合理。高学历比例太低，无学历占18．36％。三是农村医疗保障制度改革滞后。四是管理体制和运行机制改革亟待深化。     

关于构建小康社会医疗保障体系的政策建议

根据党的十六大提出的“全面建设小康社会”的宏伟目标，提出构建小康社会医疗保障体制的政策建议：从单一的医疗保障向健康保障拓展；从单一人群向整体人群拓展。同时认为要树立协作观、处理好乡镇企业职工参保、基层操作层面的利用、药品目录的重新制定等问题。     

防范医疗纠纷 提高病案基础质量

防范医疗纠纷 ,必须提高病案基础质量和医疗工作者意识 ,认清病案基础质量存在的主要问题 ;对存在问题进行改进 ;保证病案基础质量 ,维护自己和医院合法权益。     

医疗设备科学化管理的简要分析

本文从购置、使用、维修、档案、计量等五个方面说明了医疗设备的管理内容，目的是让医院的管理者对医疗设备的管理更加科学化、现代化。