综合性医院"关爱使者"团队的做法

目的 随着医学模式逐步转变,为充分发挥护士聪明才智,成立"关爱使者"团队,满足患者多样化需求.方法 通过招募、培训"关爱使者",深入临床一线为患者进行术前关爱、心理援助、社区服务等,不仅使患者受益,也使社区居民受益.结果 成立"关爱使者"团队,提高团队成员对组织的信赖,对医务社工知识的了解,对专业发展的兴趣,对心理学的热爱,提高护患关系和满意度.结论 综合性医院有必要成立"关爱使者"团队,提高患者对"社会工作"的认知度与认可度,提高"关爱使者"的心理素养.     

洛阳市渥河区免费婚前检查状况分析

目的：为了提高免费婚前检查率,了解洛阳市渡河区准备结婚的未婚青年对自愿婚前检查的认知情况和参与行为。方法：采取现场一对一问卷调查形式,对在灌河区民政局婚姻登记处准备进行登记结婚的600名未婚男女青年进行问卷调查,并对调查问卷进行了统计学分析。结果：对婚前检查的知识以及重要性知之甚少,自愿进行免费婚前检查的意识淡薄。结论：婚前健康检查是优生的一个重要环节,要通过各种有效地宣传途径、宣传形式、宣传婚前检查的重要性和必要性,规范婚前医学保健工作,以提高准备结婚的未婚青年自愿婚检的意识,确保免费婚检工作的顺利推进,从而提高婚前检查率。     

Effect of group reminiscence therapy on depression and perceived meaning of life of veterans diagnosed with dementia at veteran homes

ABSTRACT

Most senior veterans who live in veteran homes in Taiwan have few interpersonal relationships. Aging is often accompanied by solitude and illness, which causes senior veterans to doubt the meaning of life and to lose confidence in the value of life. This study tested the effectiveness of a group reminiscence therapy protocol on the depression and meaning of life among elderly institutionalized veterans. A quasi-experimental design was applied. A convenience sample of older adults was drawn from two veteran homes in southern Taiwan. Participants were assigned to intervention or control groups based on the veterans' homes they attended. The participants in the intervention group carried out group reminiscence therapy for 8 weeks in addition to their daily activities. The participants in the comparison group maintained their daily activities. Both groups were evaluated using the GDS-SF and MLS scale including two aspects of depression mood and meaning of life in weeks 1 and 8. The overall life satisfaction increased significantly over time for the intervention group compared to the comparison group from week 1 to week 8. The group reminiscence therapy programs showed promising effects in improving the depression and meaning of life of older veterans living in veteran homes.     

Troubling biographical disruption: narratives of unconcern about hepatitis C diagnosis

This paper explores the impact of hepatitis C diagnosis among participants of a recent qualitative study based in New Zealand and Australia. The findings of this research were unique with regard to the small amount of existing literature on the topic. Whilst most social research indicates that diagnosis with hepatitis C is a disruptive or distressing experience, study participants were almost evenly divided between those who reported being distressed by diagnosis and those who described contracting hepatitis C as 'no big deal'. The varied nature of participants' narratives about their hepatitis C diagnosis indicates that the experience of biographical disruption is contextual: dependent upon previous experiences of illness, marginalisation or hardship, and the extent to which hepatitis C is an unknown entity or normalised within community networks. This paper draws on the theoretical frameworks of biographical disruption, normalisation and dys-appearance to illuminate these and other contextual issues informing participants' narratives of unconcern about hepatitis C diagnosis.     

Psychological Meaning of a Woman with a Hysterectomy Among Mexican Physicians and Women

The psychological meaning of women who have had a hysterectomy, and attitudes toward them, were explored in 121 Mexican gynecologists, 155 women who had undergone a hysterectomy, and 115 women who had not had a hysterectomy. The surveys were completed between January and May 2011. Both groups of women defined a woman who had had a hysterectomy using words with positive meanings (healthy, happy, reassured, and complete), as well as words with negative meanings (sad, incomplete, and irritable). However, the participants who had not had a hysterectomy defined a woman who had had a hysterectomy using more negative words and showed more negative attitudes toward such a woman with a hysterectomy than those women who had undergone a hysterectomy. Among participants who had undergone a hysterectomy, those who were premenopausal prior to the surgery and those who had undergone bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy defined a woman who had had a hysterectomy in a more negative manner and showed the most negative attitudes. The gynecologists did not use words with emotional content regarding women who had had a hysterectomy and showed more neutral attitudes toward such a woman than did both groups of women. These findings could be helpful in designing support programs for women facing a hysterectomy.     

Structure and Meaning in Multidisciplinary Teamwork

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between structure and meaning in multidisciplinary long-term care teams. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 26 staff working on five multidisciplinary teams in the same long-term care facility in Metropolitan Toronto. Staff in different structural locations have differing meanings of work and teamwork. Direct caregiving nursing staff have simple role-sets, minimal involvement in team decision-making and ritualistic orientations towards their work and teamwork.
Multidisciplinary professionals have complex role-sets, greater involvement in team decision-making and organic orientations towards their work and teamwork. Supervisory nurses are in a contradictory structural location and shared aspects of both orientations to teamwork. The lack of shared meanings results in alienation from work and teamwork for staff in lower structural positions which, in turn, has considerable implications for team functioning.     

论市场的真实含义

在我国的市场化进程中,许多地方出现了地方政府出于各种原因新建、改扩建市场而劳民伤财的事件。笔者认为,造成这类事件不断出现的原因之一就在于对市场真实含义的不理解。市场并不简单的是一个交易场所和一种交换关系,更是一种经济运行机制、制度体系,我们甚至还可以把市场看成是一种信念体系。     

从现代公共卫生内涵探寻我国公共卫生建设之路

公共卫生的内涵是随着人类生存发展而不断发展变化的。本文分析了现代公共卫生的内涵、特点和功能。针对我国当前突现的公共卫生体系存在的问题,提出我国公共卫生建设的基本思路:确定公共卫生范畴、政府加大投入、明确公共卫生的主体责任和社会责任、完善突发公共卫生事件应急机制等。     

Contributing to research via biobanks: what it means to cancer patients

Context and objective Biobanks have become strategic resources for biomedical and genetic research. The aim of the present empirical qualitative study was to investigate how patients with cancer perceive and experience the process of donation to biobanks, focussing on the subjective meanings associated with their decisions when they are asked in a routine context to agree to their own biological specimens being used for research projects. Design A qualitative study, using semi‐structured interviews to explore in depth the reasons why patients with cancer agree to participating in biobanking. Participants Nineteen patients (aged 28–82 years) being treated for colorectal cancer or leukaemia at a French cancer centre participated in this study. Results Contributing to biobanks was experienced here as a rewarding and empowering individual experience because of the psychological issues involved, such as feelings of hope associated with research, because it makes the relationship with researchers and clinicians less asymmetrical, revalorization of otherwise ‘wasted’ tissue, and also as an act of solidarity and reciprocity, which makes patients part of a community. Discussion and conclusion Patients seem to regard contributing to biobanks as an act of benevolence, which they are motivated to perform because of societal welfare considerations as well as the hope of subjective benefits. Knowledge about the patients’ perspective and of the psychological rewards associated with tumour donation should be taken into account by physicians and caregivers discussing this topic with their patients.