模拟环境助听器检配仪器的设计

目的：研制一台以声音对脑电波幅值的影响为理论依据，计算机智能判断听阈值的助听器检配仪器。方法：设计正弦波发生电路结合音频驱动电路，实现频率步进、增益连续可调的纯音刺激源：利用运放电路的白噪声经放大滤波模拟环境噪声；对被测者脑电进行实时监控，将声音对脑电波幅值的影响作为听阈判别指标；单片机和MATLAB对脑电采集系统采集的脑电波信号进行数据传输、处理和波形显示，脑电波在GUI界面实时显示时，软件通过幅值算法捕捉脑电幅值突变点并发出反馈讯号，提示记录听阈值。最后通过听阈曲线绘制得到综合测听结果并储存。结果：纯音刺激源的频率和响度范围满足听力检测要求（20Hz-15kHz，0dB-150dB）；噪声模拟接近相关标准；本设计实现了脑电采集和实时显示，计算机软件可捕捉到脑电波因突发的声音刺激而产生的幅值突变，判断失误率仅为6．7％。得到的综合测听结果与临床测听数据基本一致。结论：本项目研制的仪器操作简单、智能化，更符合实际应用要求，且具有学科交叉配合保证科学性的优势，对脑电波特征性变化在客观性听力测试上的应用具有一定的参考意义。     

Virtual Reality Simulators: Valuable Surgical Skills Trainers or Video Games?

BackgroundVirtual reality (VR) and physical model (PM) simulators differ in terms of whether the trainee is manipulating actual 3-dimensional objects (PM) or computer-generated 3-dimensional objects (VR). Much like video games (VG), VR simulators utilize computer-generated graphics. These differences may have profound effects on the utility of VR and PM training platforms. In this study, we aimed to determine whether a relationship exists between VR, PM, and VG platforms.MethodsVR and PM simulators for laparoscopic camera navigation ([LCN], experiment 1) and flexible endoscopy ([FE] experiment 2) were used in this study. In experiment 1, 20 laparoscopic novices played VG and performed 0° and 30° LCN exercises on VR and PM simulators. In experiment 2, 20 FE novices played VG and performed colonoscopy exercises on VR and PM simulators.ResultsIn both experiments, VG performance was correlated with VR performance but not with PM performance. Performance on VR simulators did not correlate with performance on respective PM models.ConclusionsVR environments may be more like VG than previously thought.     

干法压片密度一致性调控机制与准则模拟研究

目的 针对干法压片溶解特性与一致性难以调控的共性问题，模拟研究干法压片密度一致性的调控机制与准则。方法 基于Edinburgh Elastic-Plastic Adhesion接触模型，构建干法压片的集粉体螺杆输送与滚压压片于一体的协同耦合模拟仿真方法，提出通过体积流量压缩比调控干法压片相对密度及其一致性的技术，诠释其调控机理。结果 模拟建立了平均相对密度与体积流量压缩比的协同耦合线性关联控制模型，满足压片溶解特性和强度所需的临界体积流量压缩比为0.91，揭示了压片均匀性与稳定性RSD与体积流量压缩比协同耦合演化规律，调控压片均匀性与稳定性RSD<5%的体积流量压缩比取值空间为0.58~1.31。结论 同时保证溶解特性与一致性技术要求的调控准则是干法滚压制粒机的体积流量压缩比应设置在0.91~1.31的取值空间内。     

基于视觉-前庭感知一致性的运动模拟可信度评价方法

目的提出以运动感知一致性作为运动模拟的可信度评价标准。方法以客观运动模拟测试(objective motion cueing test,OMCT)为基础,引入了视觉-前庭感知一致性理论,并以人的运动感知一致区为期望边界,从而修正运动模拟可信度评价函数。结果相比Advani-Hosman评价标准,本方法可获得更大的幅值可信度与相位可信度区域,扩大了运动模拟的边界。结论运动感知一致性更适合作为飞行训练运动模拟的可信度评价指标。     

Experimental and Numerical Study on the Mechanical Behavior of Composite Steel Structure under Explosion Load

Most engineering structures are composed of basic components such as plates, shells, and beams, and their dynamic characteristics under explosion load determine the impact resistance of the structure. In this paper, a three-dimensional composite steel structure was designed using a beam, plate, and other basic elements to study its mechanical behavior under explosion load. Subsequently, experiments on the composite steel structure under explosion load were carried out to study its mechanical behavior, and the failure mode and deformation data of the composite steel structure were obtained, which provided important experimental data regarding the dynamic response and mechanical behavior of the composite steel structure under explosion load. Then, we independently developed a parallel program with the coupled calculation method to solve the numerical simulation of the dynamic response and failure process of the composite steel structure under explosion load. This program adopts the Euler method as a whole, and Lagrange particles are used for materials that need to be accurately tracked. The numerical calculation results are in good agreement with the experimental data, indicating that the developed parallel program can effectively deal with the large deformation problems of multi-medium materials and the numerical simulation of the complex engineering structure failures subjected to the strong impact load.     

Evaluación de la efectividad de la versión en español de un curso de comunicación de malas noticias

IntroductionGood communication by health professionals is associated with better patient outcomes. The Program to Enhance Relational and Communication Skills (PERCS) has been adapted to other cultures. The objective of this study is to describe the effectiveness of the Spanish version of the PERCS program, from the perspective of the participants, at the end of the course and 6 months after the course.MethodsA process of cultural and epidemiological adaptation of the PERCS program to the reality of Peru was carried out. A qualitative and quantitative approach was used to evaluate the educational impact of the program.ResultsThirty-nine professionals participated voluntarily. Participants found it more difficult to communicate ominous diagnoses (48.15%). Anxiety is the most frequent emotion when faced with difficult communications (77.78%). Almost all (92%) stated that the course improved their preparation, and 88.9% that it reduced their anxiety. At 6 months, participants recognised the importance of honesty and empathy, as well as some steps in conducting the patient-centred interview.DiscussionAn intensive training program in difficult communication can be adapted to Spanish, and positively impact the skills, self-confidence, and self-perception of learning in Peruvian professionals, in relation to promoting communication focused on the needs of the patient and family.