生长抑素针对消化性溃疡大出血临床应用

目的探讨生长抑素在消化性溃疡大出血的应用,快速、有效、安全地控制消化性溃疡大出血。方法在临床中选取消化性溃疡大出血的病人共78人,其中42人加用生长抑素及禁食,泮托拉唑针、补液、输血、对症、支持治疗,对照组仅禁食,泮托拉唑针、补液、输血、对症、支持治疗。结果生长抑素组：显效36人,有效5人,无效1人;24h止血率为86%,48小时止血率98%。对照组：显效24人,有效8人,无效4人,转外科手术治疗,24h止血率67%,48h止血率89%。结论单用质子泵抑制剂治疗消化性溃疡大出血有良好效果,但仍有部分不能缓解,加用生长抑素后,效果更加显著,极大地减少了手术治疗止血和治疗风险。     

Angiography is Indicated for Every Sentinel Bleed after Pancreaticoduodenectomy

Background  Delayed massive bleeding is one of the leading causes of mortality after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and is often preceded by sentinel bleed. Immediate and accurate diagnosis of sentinel bleed is essential to save patients from a delayed massive hemorrhage. Angiography is probably the procedure of choice for patients with sentinel bleed after PD, as it will localize the bleeding point and provide interventional embolization. The purpose of this study is to test the efficiency of angiography as the initial management for patients with sentinel bleed after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Methods  The study group consisted of 283 patients who underwent PD from July 2002 to June 2007. Angiography and arterial embolization were performed for every sentinel bleed and detected pseudoaneurysm. Patients (n = 311) from a previous study (July 1996–June 2002) were used as a historical control group. Results  Sentinel bleed was detected in 20 patients in study group. Of these, angiography-detected pseudoaneurysm was evident in seven (35%); all were successfully embolized. Delayed massive hemorrhage occurred in three of 13 patients with sentinel bleed but negative angiography. All three were operated on; one died of uncontrolled bleeding. The number of hemodynamically unstable patients before transfusion, units of transfused packed cells, and bleeding related mortalities were significantly less in study group than the control group. Conclusions  Institution of angiography for every detected sentinel bleed after PD enabled us to embolize seven pseudoaneurysms before massive hemorrhage. Most importantly, bleeding-related mortality was significantly less than in the absence of angiography.     

Trans-ileocecal portal vein embolization as a preoperative treatment for right trisegmentectomy with caudate lobectomy

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The indication of preoperative portal vein embolization (PVE) has been expanded to hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC), hepatic metastasis, and gallbladder (GB) cancer as well as hilar cholangiocarcinoma (hCC). However, biliary cancers sometimes cause peritoneal dissemination. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed our preoperative trans-ileocecal-vein PVE (TIPE) method on 14 (3 GB cancer, 1 CCC, and 10 hCC), whose estimated residual liver volume was <30%. RESULTS: Out of 14 patients, peritoneal dissemination was encountered in two patients with GB cancer and one with hCC (21.4%) during our procedure. The estimated residual liver volume was 37.4 +/- 2.7% at 14 days after PVE in patients without predisposing cholangitis, while those in patients with cholangitis was 29.3 +/- 1.3% (P = 0.0002). No major complication due to the procedure was encountered in this series. CONCLUSIONS: PTPE could be the first choice for patients with hCC, hepatocellular carcinoma, and hepatic metastases. Although the TIPE proposed here has some potential disadvantages, we would recommend it especially for patients with GB cancer because of its high potential to cause cancerous peritonitis. When a patient had predisposing cholangitis, radical operation should be scheduled on >21 days after PVE rather than on 14 days.     

Comparison of surf lifesaver pressure point control and a commercial arterial tourniquet for major lower limb haemorrhage: A randomised controlled crossover pilot trial

Objective

This pilot study compared non-medically trained surf lifesavers' (SLS) ability, after infographic training, to occlude the femoral artery using a pressure point (PP) versus an arterial tourniquet (AT).

Methods

Using a crossover design, eight SLS applied PP and AT to a participant's leg to occlude the femoral artery. Arterial flow, application time and perceived difficulty were recorded.

Results

PP achieved 89.7% and 50.8% blood flow reduction for PP and AT, respectively. Average application time was 50.63 and 113.5 s for PP and AT, respectively. Perceived difficulty using a Likert scale from 0 to 10 (0 being no difficulty and 10 being maximal difficulty) was 2.75 and 3.50 for PP and AT, respectively.

Conclusion

Infographic-trained SLS showed superior blood flow occlusion using PP. This pilot study will inform a larger trial for untrained beachgoers.     

螺旋CT多期动态扫描对肾脏占位性病变的定性诊断价值探讨

目的 分析肾脏占位性病变的螺旋CT(SCT)多期表现,探讨螺旋CT多期扫描对该类疾病的定性诊断价值.方法 对手术病理证实的45例肾脏占位性病变进行回顾性分析.所有病例均行平扫和增强扫描.结果 肾恶性肿瘤29例,其中肾癌(RCC)27例,增强扫描呈动脉期明显强化,实质期为相对低密度;肾盂1癌2例,增强后轻度强化或明显强化.良性肿瘤5例,均为肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(AML),4例可测得脂肪密度,增强后软组织部分强化,而脂肪成分不强化,SCT表现典型.其他11例,肾囊肿10例.表现为边界清楚的囊性病灶,增强后未见强化,结核性脓肾1例,表现为多发囊状低密度区,增强后呈环状轻度强化,低密度区未见强化.结论 SCT多期增强扫描及必要时薄层扫描,对肾脏占位性病变的定性诊断有重要价值.     

关节镜下肱二头肌长头肌腱转位治疗不可修复巨大肩袖撕裂的研究进展

目的综述关节镜下肱二头肌长头肌腱(long head of biceps tendon,LHBT)转位治疗不可修复巨大肩袖撕裂的研究进展。方法查阅近年来国内外关节镜下不同方式LHBT转位治疗不可修复巨大肩袖撕裂的相关文献,并进行总结分析。结果关节镜下LHBT转位是一种治疗不可修复巨大肩袖撕裂的有效方法,目前主要采用断近端、两头断、断远端及不切断4种方式。临床研究表明上述方式均能取得良好疗效,但远期疗效有待进一步随访明确。结论关节镜下LHBT转位治疗不可修复巨大肩袖撕裂手术简便、有效,患者损伤小、术后恢复快,但对术者技术要求较高,需严格把握手术适应证。