浅谈医用耗材管理（三）基于医用耗材信息管理系统的信息分析

本文介绍了首都医科大学宣武医院医用耗材信息管理系统上线后,通过对从信息系统中采集的数据进行处理和分析,得出有意义的结论。     

商业贿赂与医患关系的生命伦理学思考

立足于维护人格尊严和生命价值,探讨了商业贿赂对医患关系的影响,指出应把病人的健康和生命放在首位,对于人的生命保持最高度的尊重,建立和谐的医患关系,使商业贿赂在神圣的生命科学领域无滋生的土壤.     

不同根管器械用于预备弯曲根管的效果比较

目的比较机用镍钛K锉、手用镍钛K锉、手用不锈钢K锉,在预备弯曲根管时的切削能力和成形能力。方法将30个树脂块弯曲人工根管分为三组,每组10个,分别用镍钛机用K锉、手用镍钛K锉、手用不锈钢K锉预备根管,用光学显微镜观察根管的偏移情况及标本的失重量进行对比分析。结果镍钛机用K锉无根管偏移,手用不锈钢K锉可发生根管偏移。预备后的根尖孔直径镍钛K锉组明显小于不锈钢K锉组(P<001)。结论镍钛器械保持原根管解剖走向的能力优于手用不锈钢K锉。镍钛机用K锉能保持弯曲根管良好的根管形态,建议临床广泛应用。     

Research strategies for safety evaluation of nanomaterials, Part I: evaluating the human health implications of exposure to nanoscale materials.

Nanotechnology has the potential to dramatically improve the effectiveness of a number of existing consumer and industrial products and could have a substantial impact on the development of new products ranging from disease diagnosis and treatment to environmental remediation. The broad range of possible nanotechnology applications could lead to substantive changes in industrial productivity, economic growth, and international trade. A continuing evaluation of the human health implications of exposure to nanoscale materials will be essential before the commercial benefits of these materials can be fully realized. The purpose of this article is to review the human health implications of exposure to nanoscale materials in the context of a toxicological risk evaluation, the current scope of U.S. Federal research on nanoscale materials, and selected toxicological studies associated with nanoscale materials to note emerging research in this area.     

远志属药用植物有效物质群结构特点及其生理活性

系统综述了远志属药用植物有效物质群三萜皂苷、()酮、寡糖酯类成分的结构特点及研究进展,三者作为该属特征性成分,具有广泛的生理活性,作为药用经济植物,该属植物具有广阔的开发前景.     

VEGF inhibition and cytotoxic effect of aplidin in leukemia cell lines and cells from acute myeloid leukemia.

BACKGROUND: Aplidine (APL) is a marine depsipeptide isolated from the Mediterranean tunicate Aplidium albicans that is under clinical phase II development. In contrast to the lack of bone marrow toxicity reported in phase I/II studies, it has been shown to induce cytotoxicity at very low concentration against lymphoblastic leukemia blast, as well as having an impact in the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptor 1 loop. PATIENTS AND METHODS: To confirm these findings we investigated APL-related VEGF inhibition and its cytotoxic effect on myeloid leukemic cells lines (K-562, HEL and HL60) and fresh leukemia blasts derived from 30 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The conventional active 4-demetoxi-daunorubicin (idarubicin; IDA) was included as a positive control. RESULTS: APL was found to be significantly (P<0.001) more active than IDA in obtaining 50% growth-inhibition in K-562, HEL and HL60 cell lines. Results obtained with AML blast cells were super imposible. ID(50) ranged from 0.024 to 0.610 microM for IDA (0.200+/-0.176) and from 0.001 to 0.108 microM for APL (0.020+/-0.031). Annexin V tests and cell cycle analysis performed on cell lines confirmed the stronger citotoxic capability of APL as apoptotic inducer and as a G(1) blocker. The inhibitory effects of APL on VEGF release and secretion have been confirmed by ELISA tests performed on HEL: the VEGF concentration in cell surnatant was reduced from 169 to 36 pg/ml after 24 h of exposure to a pharmacological concentration of APL. CONCLUSIONS: APL harbors a strong in vitro antileukemic activity at a concentration achievable in patients at non-myelotoxic doses. Our data also support the notion of an impact on VEGF secretion. Clinical studies with this new marine-derived compound in relapsed/resistant leukemia are underway.     

单核苷酸多态性及其在生物医学中的应用进展

单核苷酸多态性 (SNP)是继限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)和微卫星多态性标记之后的新一代遗传标记系统 ,具有密度高、遗传稳定、分析易自动化等特点。SNP可通过电泳、PCR、酶切、杂交及测序等方法检测 ,已广泛应用于基因作图、群体遗传学、疾病相关性分析及药物研究等领域。本文综述了近几年SNP在生物医学领域的应用进展。     

Impedance of Novel Therapeutic Technologies: The Case of Stem Cells

Embryonic stem cell (ES) technology has advanced considerably within the past three decades and has gained prominent distinction within the emerging field of regenerative medicine. As it now enters the nascent stages of clinical application, many hopes and expectations arise along with questions as to where the technology will go. This paper evaluates the technical and practical obstacles that must be overcome before it can fully translate into the clinical context, the existence of strong opposition to the technology, political and legal barriers that have impeded its progression, and the role of healthcare reform in creating new social and economic priorities. In contrast to the technological imperative, a driving force seeking to implement the most recent scientific advances into medical practice, we refer to such translational obstacles as “technological impedance.” Rather than expending inordinate effort to preserve existing systems that continue to possess major hurdles, we advocate fostering interdisciplinary approaches in the development of new generation platforms and embracing disruptive innovations that create solutions to technological impedance and move us forward in healthcare delivery. Clin Trans Sci 2012; Volume 5: 422–427     

经典名方中玄参的本草考证

通过查阅历代本草、医籍、方书及近现代文献资料，对经典名方中所用饴糖的名称、品种、原料及制作工艺进行了考证，为含有饴糖的经典名方开发利用提供依据。经考证可知，饴糖之名历代多源于其形态、质地、制法、原料及产地。古代所用饴糖根据质地不同，主要分为软、硬两类，湿软如蜜者称为“饴”或“胶饴”，质硬色白的则称为“饧”“糖”，现代则多称为麦芽糖，入药仅用胶饴，饧则多作食用；历代药用胶饴推崇糯米（来源于Oryza sativa var. glutinosa）为原料，以大麦Hordeum vulgare制蘖，经过发酵、煎煮、浓缩制备而成，而粟米（来源于Setaria italica var. germanica）、黍Panicum miliaceum等其他谷物为原料制成的饴糖品质次之。2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》未收录饴糖，收载了药用辅料麦芽糖，为纯度较高的结晶粉；但国家食品标准与地方炮制规范中收录了饴糖。基于考证结果，建议经典名方开发中所用胶饴可参考GB/T 20883—2017中的麦芽糖浆，并明确以糯米、大麦为原料。     

Effect of inflammation on endothelial cells induced by poly-L-lactic acid degradation in vitro and in vivo

Abstract

As a promising candidate, biodegradable Poly-L-lactic Acid (PLLA) has been extensively used in coronary artery stents. In our previous reports, PLLA stents implanted in porcine coronary arteries showed safety without stent thrombosis. However, inflammatory responses were observed, which needed further study. In this study, human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) were treated with different volume percentages of extract of pre-degraded PLLA (extract of PLLA) in vitro, and the cell growth curve and morphological changes were examined. The expression of inflammatory cytokines such as NF-κB, VEGF and VCAM-1 were also observed by ELISA. In addition, PLLA stent was implanted in porcine coronary artery to examine morphological changes, functional marker eNOS and inflammatory responses. The extract of PLLA caused significant growth inhibition and release of NF-κB, VEGF and VCAM-1 in HAEC with volume percentage-dependence. Although re-endothelialization and expression of eNOS was observed, expression of NF-κB and lymphocytes surrounding PLLA were also found after PLLA stents were implanted in the artery. This study demonstrated the effects of inflammation on endothelial cells induced by PLLA degradation in vitro and showed the inflammation in vivo, suggesting that anti-inflammatory strategy is necessary for PLLA stent implantation in the artery.