北京、广州、上海城市居民营养知识、态度、行为的调查

对北京、广州和上海三大城市随机抽取的９６５名年龄在２０～５０岁的城市居民进行有关营养知识、态度和行为（Ｋ－Ａ－Ｐ）的调查。结果显示，三地区调查对象的营养知识水平不高。营养知识的得分与其自身受教育程度有相关性（ｒ＝０．３０１１，Ｐ＜０．０１）。年龄在３５岁以上的对象，营养知识的得分高于年轻人；三地区调查对象对营养知识的获取，合理的膳食模式，卫生的饮食习惯均持有积极、肯定的态度。食物消费频度调查结果表明，米／面、肉／禽、蔬菜、水果、奶及奶制品的消费量较高。此外，８９．５％，７８．８％和４７．８％的调查对象分别选择报纸、电视、广播作为其主要营养信息来源。本次调查为将来的营养宣教的内容和方法提供依据。     

Ictal Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Imaging in Extra Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Using Statistical Parametric Mapping

PURPOSE: To examine the application of statistical parametric mapping (SPM) to analyze ictal single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scans in surgical candidates with extratemporal lobe epilepsy. METHODS: The authors selected patients who underwent successful ictal SPECT acquisition in the process of surgical treatment of intractable partial epilepsy. Thirteen patients were identified who met inclusion criteria for confident seizure localization from either intracranial electroencephalogram recordings or epilepsy surgery outcome. In these cases, ictal scans were registered to an in-house-developed normal SPECT atlas composed of 14 spatially normalized brains of normal subjects. SPM96 was used to test on a voxel-by-voxel basis for statistically significant increases in blood flow associated with each patient's ictal scan. The results were then mapped back onto the patient's magnetic resonance image (MRI) for final interpretation. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) analysis of ictal SPECT scans was compared to both conventional visual interpretation and the analysis of subtraction ictal SPECT co-registered to MRI (SISCOM). RESULTS: Ten of 13 patient scans showed localizing focal ictal increases in regional cerebral blood flow, all of which were concordant with ultimate epilepsy localization. Of the 3 cases not localized with SPM, 1 was localized by conventional visual interpretation and another, not localized by visual interpretation, was correctly localized with SISCOM. Two cases not localized by SISCOM were localized by both visual and SPM analysis. CONCLUSIONS: This work provides supportive evidence for proof of principle that SPM can be used to provide objective, accurate analysis of ictal SPECT scans in patients with extratemporal lobe epilepsy.     

Multipoint linkage analysis of spinocerebellar ataxia and markers on chromosome 6

Heterogeneity among the spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA) has been shown on clinical, biochemical, and genetic criteria. Among the autosomal dominant SCAs, several kindreds have shown loose linkage to the HLA loci on chromosome 6, while linkage in other kindreds has been rejected. The advent of multipoint linkage analysis allows the use of several marker loci simultaneously, thus increasing the amount of usable information. We have reanalyzed linkage data from a large kindred with SCA and provide evidence for a telomeric location of the SCA gene in this family. Knowledge of the relative gene location will ease the identification of the SCA gene by reducing the size of the chromosomal regions that must be examined.     

Terminal deletion of chromosome 4p (4p16.3) shows a breakpoint between loci linked to Huntington disease

A 15-year-old boy with a terminal deletion of the short arm of chromosome 4 is described. The patient has a mild clinical phenotype that is incompatible with Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome. Careful neurological examination including CT scan did not show any signs of Huntington disease. The chromosomal breakpoint was analyzed by means of polymorphic DNA probes localized close to the tentative Huntington (HD) locus. The breakage has occurred between D4S43 and D4S90 loci and thus deletes part of the chromosomal candidate regions for the HD locus. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Perfusion imaging by a flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery (Fair) technique: Application to functional brain imaging

Perfusion is a crucial physiological parameter for tissue function. To obtain perfusion-weighted images and consequently to measure cerebral blood flow (CBF), a newly developed flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery (FAIR) technique was used. Dependency of FAIR signal on inversion times (TI) was examined; signal is predominantly located in large vessels at short TI, whereas it is diffused into gray matter areas at longer TI. CBF of gray matter areas in the human brain is 71 ± 15 SD ml/100 g/min (n = 6). In fMRI studies, micro- and macrovessel inflow contributions can be obtained by adjusting TIs. Signal changes in large vessel areas including the scalp were seen during finger opposition at a TI of 0.4 s; however, these were not observed at a longer TI of 1.4 s. To compare with commonly used BOLD and slice selective inversion recovery techniques, FAIR and BOLD images were acquired at the same time during unilateral finger opposition. Generally, activation sites determined by three techniques are consistent. However, activation of some areas can be detected only by FAIR, not by BOLD, suggesting that the oxygen consumption increase couples with the CBF change completely. Relative and absolute CBF changes in the contralateral motor cortex are 53 ± 17% SD (n = 9) and 27 ± 11 SD ml/100 g/min (n = 9), respectively.     

农村居民艾滋病防治知识及高危行为调查研究

目的　通过对农村居民艾滋病 (AIDS)防治知识及高危行为的研究 ,为制定AIDS预防控制措施提供依据。方法　运用横断面调查研究方法 ,通过两阶段人群抽样对其AIDS防治知识及相关行为进行研究。结果　调查对象听说过AIDS的为 6 1.78% ;答对 0～ 3题为 5 6 .91% ,4～ 9题为 38.4 8% ,10～ 13题为 4 .5 5 % ;认为不可能感染艾滋病病毒的为 5 6 .94 % ,不清楚的为 38.38% ,有可能的为 4 .6 8%。 12人有卖血史 ,15人有性病史 ,在有性行为的 886人中 ,7.6 7%有过 1个以上多性伴。结论　农村居民AIDS知识匮乏 ,存在着相关危险行为。所以 ,我省预防AIDS的策略主要是开展健康教育积极推进健康促进 ,改善危险行为 ,提倡安全性行为和推广安全套的使用     

Thermoreceptive lamina I trigeminothalamic neurons project to the nucleus submedius in the cat

Summary The technique of antidromic mapping with a roving array of electrodes was used to demonstrate that lamina I trigeminothalamic cells responsive specifically to skin temperature project to the n. submedius (Sm) in the medial thalamus of the cat. This finding indicates that Sm receives thermoreceptive in addition to nociceptive information.     

Ignoring Distant Genealogic Loops Leads to False-positives in Homozygosity Mapping

Distant consanguineous loops are often unknown or ignored during homozygosity mapping analysis. This may potentially lead to an increased rate of false-positive linkage results. We show that failure to take into account the distant loops may seriously underestimate the degree of consanguinity, especially for people from genetically isolated populations; in 6 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients the distant loops accounted for 57.7 % of inbreeding on average. Theoretical evaluation showed that ignoring distant loops, which account for 18-75% of inbreeding, inflates the frequency of false positive conclusions substantially in 2-point linkage analysis, up to several hundred times. In multipoint linkage analysis of the 6 AD patients a chromosome-wide "empirical" significance of 5% corresponded to a true false positive rate of 11.1%. We show that converting multiple loops to a hypothetical loop capturing all inbreeding may be a convenient solution to avoid false positive results. When extended genealogic data are not available a hypothetical loop may still be constructed based on genomic data.     

闭合性轻度脑外伤事件相关电位地形图的初步研究

为了解脑外伤后病人精神心理和智力改变的客观依据,我们使用DantecConcerto~(TM)仪,对24例闭合性轻度脑外伤患者和14例正常人P_(300)分布地形图的变化进行了对比观察。结果发现正常组P_(300)高波幅区相对集中于Cz附近的椭园形区域内,而脑外伤组则从Cz向两侧颞后播散,潜伏期延长,波形分化不良,波幅反而较正常组高;重复试验时,正常组潜伏期略为缩短,波幅稍增高,分布更集中于Cz为中心的小范围内,而脑外伤组向整个后头部移动,潜伏期进一步延长,波幅普遍明显下降,唯有T_3点反而奇异地升高38％。作者认为以上改变可能是参与P_(300)发生的皮层和皮层下结构中的微细结构受损害而使其整合功能被削弱的结果。这一结果与认为P_(300)发生于大脑皮层及皮层下各结构的综合反应的观点是一致的。