β-紫罗兰酮对人乳腺癌细胞抑制作用

目的　研究 β 紫罗兰酮对人乳腺癌细胞 (MCF 7)生长的影响。 方法　采用细胞核分裂 ,生长曲线 ,集落形成和DNA合成实验 ,观察了用不同浓度 β 紫罗兰酮 (2 5、5 0、10 0和2 0 0 μmol L)对MCF 7细胞生长作用。 结果　β 紫罗兰酮可明显抑制MCF 7细胞增殖、细胞核分裂、集落形成和细胞DNA的合成 ,随着剂量的增加 ,抑制作用增强 ,IC50 值为 10 4 μmol L。细胞核分裂的抑制率分别为 2 4h 12 88%～ 6 8 6 7%。 4 8h 2 0 79%～ 87 79% ;集落形成抑制率分别为 2 4h 14 11%～ 6 5 18% ,4 8h 6 5 8%～ 72 4 8% ;DNA合成实验抑制率为 2 4h 16 75 %～6 5 33% ,4 8h 35 10 %～ 81 89%。结论　β 紫罗兰酮可抑制MCF 7细胞的生长 ,其机制需要进一步探讨。     

皮脂腺细胞体外培养及生长调节的研究进展

皮脂腺是皮肤重要的附属器。皮脂腺体外培养模型的建立为研究相关因子如细胞因子、生长激素及药物等对皮脂腺形态功能、生长发育及病理改变的作用提供了良好的平台。本文对皮脂腺细胞体外培养的实验方法、体外生长特性及影响皮脂腺细胞增殖分化的相关因素作简要综述。     

控制乳腺癌住院费用的探讨

目的:通过对315份乳腺癌病例的住院费用进行分析,阐述实行乳腺癌单病种最高限价控制中遇到的主要问题及解决途径。方法:利用EXCEL数字处理系统从年龄、平均住院日和治疗方式3个方面对乳腺癌住院费用进行分析。结果:乳腺癌住院费用主要和治疗方式有关,3种治疗方式人均医疗费用差别很大。结论:控制乳腺癌的住院费用,可采用缩短住院日、控制抗生素药物的使用和对化疗用药进行规范等方法进行控制。     

槐耳颗粒对乳腺癌患者术后免疫功能调节作用的观察

目的:观察槐耳颗粒(金克)对乳腺癌患者术后免疫功能的调节作用。方法:50例乳腺癌改良根治术患者,随机分为金克组和对照组,金克组在术后第2~5天开始服用金克20g,3/d,30d为1疗程,对照组服用安慰剂,其余治疗同金克组。两组于术后第2天晨及1个疗程结束后第1~4天测定血中IgA、IgG、IgM、淋巴细胞计数、T淋巴细胞亚群分类。结果:金克组淋巴细胞计数和IgA,IgG,IgM,均比对照组提高显著。金克组和对照组的CD3、CD4、CD8、CD4/CD8研究后与研究前比较,金克组CD3研究后高于研究前(P<0.05),而对照组无明显区别;口服金克30d后,金克组的CD3、CD4/CD8高于对照组。结论:槐耳颗粒有助于乳腺癌患者术后体液免疫功能和细胞免疫功能的恢复。     

右旋柠烯对实验性乳腺增生症的影响

目的:观察右旋柠烯(d-limonene, DL)对大鼠乳腺增生及血雌激素和孕激素水平的影响.方法:苯甲酸雌二醇-黄体酮注射复制乳腺增生模型;HE染色观测乳腺组织学改变;放射免疫法检测血雌激素和孕激素水平.结果:右旋柠烯低、中、高剂量均能减少大鼠乳腺小叶数(9.20±2.32、6.90±1.20、6.10±1.37)、小叶腺泡数(8.20±1.75、6.10±2.23、5.10±1.52)和导管上皮层数(5.30±0.95、4.50±1.27、3.10±0.99),与模型组(分别为10.00±1.54、12.91±3.88和6.17±1.59)比较有显著性差异(P<0.01).右旋柠烯高、中剂量亦能降低血雌激素水平(28.35±2.16、25.17±1.25),提高孕激素水平(33.84±2.23、35.39±2.20),与模型组(分别为32.63±0.93, 31.77±1.48)比较差异显著(P<0.01),且对雌激素水平的影响有明显的量效关系.结论:右旋柠烯可抑制大鼠乳腺增生,降低血清雌激素水平、提高孕激素水平可能为其作用机制.     

中药药膜加微波照射对实验性大鼠乳腺增生的影响

目的 观察中药药膜、微波照射和药膜加微波照射对乳腺增生病的预防和治疗作用。方法 采用苯甲酸雌二醇配合应用少量黄体酮肌肉注射，建立乳腺增生病大鼠模型。于造模后2周外敷药膜和微波照射，并于给药和照射前后测量大鼠第2对乳头直径，放免法测定血清雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P)和催乳素(PRL)浓度，镜下观察乳腺增生的病理改变，计算乳腺增生率。结果 中药药膜能显著降低实验性大鼠乳腺增生程度，抑制乳腺增生，乳腺增生率分别为23．4％和20．9％，并可调节E2和P浓度，降低PRL水平，病理组织学结果提示中药药膜组和药膜加照射组可明显减轻乳腺增生。结论 中药药膜外敷和药膜外敷加微波照射能降低乳腺增生程度，具有一定的防治乳腺增生病的作用。     

Mammary gland morphology in Sprague-Dawley rats following treatment with an organochlorine mixture in utero and neonatal genistein.

In a related reproductive toxicology study designed to investigate the effects of in utero exposure to environmental toxicants and potential interaction with postnatal genistein, gross enlargement of thoracic mammary glands was observed in female offspring at 200 days of age. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the effect of in utero exposure to a mixture of toxicants on mammary gland morphology. Time-mated Sprague-Dawley rats were treated on days 9-16 of gestation with vehicle or a mixture of environmental toxicants at 1x the acceptable daily intake. Furthermore, it is unclear whether postnatal exposure to phytoestrogens in soy formulas poses breast cancer benefit or risk, and potential interactions with environmental toxicants are unknown. Therefore, half the female pups from each treatment group received either subcutaneous vehicle or genistein (10 microg/g body weight [bw]/day) on postnatal days 2-8. Following necropsy at 200 days of age, a pathologist, blinded to treatment groups, examined mammary gland histopathology. Only mild histological changes were found in mammary glands of rats exposed to the mixture in utero while pronounced ductal hyperplasia, lactational changes, and fibrosis were observed in mammary glands from the genistein group and were more prominent in the mixture + genistein group. Mammary glands of the control group were histologically normal. Collectively, our results reveal that postnatal exposure to pharmacological levels of genistein induces profound morphological changes in the mammary glands of adult female rats, and that high levels of phytoestrogens possess the potential to modulate the toxicological effects of toxicant mixtures.     

What Can Proton Beam Therapy Achieve for Patients with Pectus Excavatum Requiring Left Breast,Axilla and Internal Mammary Nodal Radiotherapy?

AimsExposure of the heart to radiation increases the risk of ischaemic heart disease, proportionate to the mean heart dose (MHD). Radiotherapy techniques including proton beam therapy (PBT) can reduce MHD. The aims of this study were to quantify the MHD reduction achievable by PBT compared with volumetric modulated arc therapy in breath hold (VMAT-BH) in patients with pectus excavatum (PEx), to identify an anatomical metric from a computed tomography scan that might indicate which patients will achieve the greatest MHD reductions from PBT.Materials and methodsSixteen patients with PEx (Haller Index ≥2.7) were identified from radiotherapy planning computed tomography images. Left breast/chest wall, axilla (I–IV) and internal mammary node (IMN) volumes were delineated. VMAT and PBT plans were prepared, all satisfying target coverage constraints. Signed-rank comparisons of techniques were undertaken for the mean dose to the heart, ipsilateral lung and contralateral breast. Spearman's rho correlations were calculated for anatomical metrics against MHD reduction achieved by PBT.ResultsThe mean MHD for VMAT-BH plans was 4.1 Gy compared with 0.7 Gy for PBT plans. PBT reduced MHD by an average of 3.4 Gy (range 2.8–4.4 Gy) compared with VMAT-BH (P < 0.001). PBT significantly reduced the mean dose to the ipsilateral lung (4.7 Gy, P < 0.001) and contralateral breast (2.7 Gy, P < 0.001). The distance (mm) at the most inferomedial extent of IMN volume (IMN to heart distance) negatively correlated with MHD reduction achieved by PBT (Spearman's rho –0.88 (95% confidence interval –0.96 to –0.67, P < 0.001)).ConclusionFor patients with PEx requiring left-sided breast and IMN radiotherapy, a clinically significant MHD reduction is achievable using PBT, compared with the optimal photon technique (VMAT-BH). This is a patient group in whom PBT could have the greatest benefit.