Effects of monoamine uptake inhibitors given early postnatally on monoamines in the brain stem,caudate/putamen and cortex,and on dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in the caudate/putamen

Summary Rats were treated with desipramine 5mg/kg, nomifensine 10mg/kg, zimelidine 25 mg/kg or with 0.9% sodium chloride once a day during the second and third weeks after birth, and brain stem, caudate/putamen and cortical monoamines, and caudate/putamen dopamine D₁ (³[H]SCH 23390) and D₂ (³[H]spiroperidol) receptor binding were measured when rats were at two months of age. In the brain stem, the concentration of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenyl glycol was increased in nomifensine rats and the ratio of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid to 5-hydroxytryptamine was increased in zimelidine rats. In the caudate/putamen, the concentrations of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid and the ratio of homovanillic acid to dopamine were increased in desipramine rats; neither³[H]SCH 23390 nor³[H]spiroperidol binding were affected by any of the three monoamine uptake inhibiting antidepressants studied. In the cortex, the ratio of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid to 5-hydroxytryptamine was increased in desipramine and zimelidine rats. The findings suggest that desipramine but not nomifensine increases the metabolism of dopamine in the caudate/ putamen and nomifensine but not desipramine increases the metabolism of norepinephrine in the brain stem, and furthermore that the metabolism of serotonin is affected by desipramine as well as by zimelidine. It is possible that also treatment of women with these drugs during late pregnancy causes long-lasting changes in the brain of human fetus.     

胃癌D17S261和D17S799位点二核苷酸重复序列不稳定性的意义

目的研究二核苷酸重复序列不稳定性〔ＤＲＳＩ〕在胃癌发生中的作用及其临床意义．方法采用ＰＣＲ方法检测了Ｄ１７Ｓ２６１和Ｄ１７Ｓ７９９位点二核苷酸重复序列不稳定性．结果胃癌总ＤＲＳＩ发生率为３４％（１７／５０），其中高中分化腺癌ＤＲＳＩ阳性率（６６７％，１０／１５）显著高于低分化癌（１９４％，６／３１，Ｐ＜００１）；肠型胃癌ＤＲＳＩ阳性率（５５６％，１０／１８）显著高于胃型胃癌（２０％，６／３０，Ｐ＜００５），ＤＲＳＩ与胃癌部位、大小、浸润、分期、淋巴结转移无显著相关．结论ＤＲＳＩ在胃癌的发生中可能起重要作用．     

实验性尘细胞灶与胸片细网状阴影形成的关系

本文从21只实验性矽肺家兔中筛选出5只胸片有细网状阴影者,用病理与 X 线对照观察的方法,探讨了实验性矽肺尘细胞灶与死后胸片细网状阴影形成的关系。证明,分布在肺细叶内直径约1mm 的尘细胞灶,其分布密度为113个/cm~2以上时,可构成胸片细网状阴影。实验排除了弥漫性肺间质纤维化的结论。并对胸片细网状阴影的形成从肺细叶解剖与 X 线投影进行了讨论。     

花生四烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸对海马神经细胞生长发育的影响

【目的】观察不同浓度花生四烯酸 (AA)和 (或 )二十二碳六烯酸 (DHA)对体外培养海马神经细胞生长发育的影响。【方法】无血清培养液中分别加入不同剂量的AA和 (或 )DHA ,采用噻唑蓝比色试验 (MTT法 )反映各组海马神经细胞存活状况 ,神经元特异性烯醇化酶 (NSE)染色鉴定神经细胞 ,图像分析技术测量神经细胞的胞体大小和突起长度。【结果】培养液中分别添加AA为 4～ 8μmol/L、DHA为 2～ 8μmol/L时 ,神经细胞活力高于对照组 ;当培养液中AA和DHA总浓度为 4μmol/L、比例为 2∶1或 4∶1时 ,神经细胞的活力、胞体面积、最大长径、最大短径和平均突起长度均显著高于单一添加 4μmol/LAA、4μmol/LDHA和对照组。【结论】AA、DHA均具有促进体外培养海马神经细胞生长发育的作用 ;与单独添加AA、DHA相比 ,AA和DHA共同作用的促海马神经细胞生长发育作用更好。     

Endocrinology: High incidence of embryo transfer cancellations in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome

This study was aimed at assessing the outcome of in-vitro fertilization(IVF) and embryo transfer in patients with polycystic ovariansyndrome (PCOS). The results of IVF and embryo transfer in PCOSpatients (PCOS group, 78 cycles of 26 patients) were comparedwith those of a control group (423 cycles in 202 patients withoutmale factor; age and ovarian stimulation protocol were matched).Although the pregnancy rate per transfer was not different inthe two groups of patients (25 versus 34%, PCOS versus controlgroup), the PCOS group had a significantly lower pregnancy rateper follicle aspiration (19 versus 31%, P < 0.05). A notableresult was a significantly higher incidence of embryo transfercancellations in the PCOS group (22 versus 8%, P < 0.01),which resulted from unpredictable failure of either oocyte recoveryor fertilization. The incidence of unexplained complete failureof fertilization was significantly higher in the PCOS group(18 versus 5%, P < 0.01). These results may reflect a reducedquality of the oocytes in the PCOS group, and there was a subgroupof PCOS patients who repeatedly produced poor results of treatment.Although the ovarian stimulation regimen best suited to PCOSpatients remains to be determined, special care should be takenduring ovarian stimulation, especially when the PCOS patientshad experienced unexplained failure of oocyte recovery or fertilizationin the previous treatment cycle(s).     

Genetics: Genetic analysis prior to selective fetal reduction in multiple pregnancy: technical aspects and clinical outcome

Multiple pregnancies resulting from ovarian stimulation areat a higher risk of carrying at least one fetus affected byMendelian or chromosomal anomalies, the incidence of which isdirectly related to the order of multiples. Genetic analysisbefore fetal reduction was offered to both high-and low-riskpregnant women carrying two or more fetuses after ovulationinduction. Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and fetal reductionwere achieved by transabdominal needling. The use of short-termculture, the polymerase chain reaction and fresh tissue enzymaticanalyses have made it possible for genetic diagnosis to be availablein a few days. A total of 100 patients had multifetal pregnancyreduction performed by a single operator; all of them completedpregnancy and none was lost at follow-up. The total fetal lossbefore 24 weeks was 7% and no statistically significant relationshipwas found with the final number of fetuses and CVS. Perinatallosses (3.9%) were only present in the series with a final numberof two fetuses. Pregnancy duration and birthweight were significantlyhigher in singletons than in twins, but were not related toCVS. The rate of chromosomal disorders was higher (7.2%) inthe study series than in singleton pregnancies not undergoingfetal reduction. Diagnostic error due to incorrect samplingwas reported in 1.5% of cases. These data support fetal reductionas a valuable strategy to improve the outcome of multiple pregnancy.The outcome of pregnancies reduced to singletons was significantlybetter than of those reduced to twins, and was not related toCVS. Therefore, prenatal genetic diagnosis should become anintegral part of counselling on multiple pregnancy, and is stronglyrecommended when reduction to singleton pregnancy is requested.     

针药并用治疗男性不育297例疗效分析

本文采用针刺加鹿茸精注射液穴位注射及中药治疗男性不育297例,痊愈142例,占47.8％,显效81例,占27.3％,有效53例,占17.8％,无效21例,占7.1％,三者联合运用效果较满意。     

血清LSA测定在恶性肿瘤临床诊断中的初步应用

本文根据Svennerholm和蒋谷人等的方法略加改良,测定了蚌埠地区113例正常人,71例恶性肿瘤患者和82例非肿瘤疾病患者血清脂质结合唾液酸(LSA)的含量。正常值为12.4mg/dl(SD=±3.6mg/dl),71例不同肿瘤患者的平均值为28.2mg/dl(SD=±9.7mg/dl),阳性率为88.7％,82例非肿瘤疾病患者的平均值为16.82mg/dl(SD=±5.4mg/dl),假阳性率为17％。方法的灵敏度,重复性(平均CV=3.6％)和回收率(平均回收率=101.4％)测定结果是满意的。本研究的初步结果表明,血清LSA测定对肺癌、白血病、胃癌和食管癌具有一定的临床诊断价值。