番茄红素减轻糖尿病大鼠视网膜病变的作用及机制

目的 研究番茄红素(lycopene, LP)对大鼠糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy, DR)的作用及相关机制。方法 采用一次性腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(56 mg/kg)进行建模,并将成功建立的20只DR模型随机分为DR组和LP组,每组10只;另设10只正常大鼠为对照组(NC组)。LP组给予LP灌胃(60 mg/kg)治疗,NC组和DR组给予等量生理盐水灌胃,每日1次。干预8周后,放射免疫测定法测定各组大鼠血清中内皮素(endothelin,ET)和降钙素基因相关蛋白(calcitonin gene related protein,CGRP)的含量,免疫组化和蛋白质印迹法检测各组大鼠视网膜中血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)的表达。结果 与NC组比较,DR组的ET含量增高、CGRP含量降低、VEGF的表达增加(P<0.05);与DR组比较,LP组的ET含量降低、CGRP含量增加、VEGF的表达降低(P<0.05)。结论 LP通过降低DR大鼠血清ET含量、提高CGRP含量、下调视网膜中VEGF的表达而减轻大鼠DR。     

Lycopene can reduce prostate-specific antigen velocity in a phase II clinical study in Chinese population

Background Epidemiological studies have shown that lycopene has anti-prostate cancer effect.In vitro tests also confirmed that it can promote apoptosis of prostate cancer cells.We investigated the effect of whole-tomato supplement lycopene on the prostate-specific antigen velocity in selected prostate cancer patients.Methods Twenty selected prostate cancer patients were given whole-tomato supplement lycopene 10 mg per day for about 6 months.Blood samples of patients were collected weekly to measure serum prostate-specific antigen （PSA） values.PSA velocity slope,which reflects the change of PSA,and the degree of change were also calculated.By comparing the values of average PSA velocity slope （rise or fall of PSA） before and after the administration of lycopene,the effect of lycopene can be evaluated.Blood chemistry analysis was regular followed as safety control.Results Three patients in the research group withdrew within 3 weeks because of inability to conform.The rest 17 patients continued for an average period of 6 months.Two patients withdrew because of cancer progression （PSA rise） who later received active treatment.The average fall in PSA was equivalent to 2.56% over （i.e.an average slope/d of -0.000 28） the first 3 months.In the last 3 months,average fall in PSA was equivalent to 31.58% （i.e.an average slope/d of-0.003 51）.The Wilcoxon rank-sum test showed a statistically significant decrease of PSA velocity slope overall （P=0.000 9）.Analysis of the PSA doubling time （pre-vs.post-treatment） showed a median increase over 3 months but this was not statistically significant （P=0.21）.No toxic side effect was observed during the whole process.The results indicate that the average PSA change is ＂decline＂ in patients,and the degree of the decline is accelerated.Conclusion Administration of lycopene was able to reduce PSA velocity in this study group.     

番茄红素对铁负荷大鼠抗氧化功能影响

目的探讨番茄红素对铁负荷大鼠抗氧化功能保护作用。方法36只SD大鼠按体重随机分为空白对照、铁负荷、番茄红素、番茄红素高、中、低剂量干预6组,每组6只,持续饲喂6周后,取血和肝、肾、脾、心和结肠组织测定铁含量,总铁结合力;测定血清和组织中丙二醛(MDA)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)及谷胱甘肽-S转移酶(GST)活性。结果高剂量番茄红素干预组大鼠血清、肝、脾、心脏和结肠组织中铁含量分别为(19.06±2.1)μmol/L、(25.67±2.7)μg/g、(38.30±4.8)μg/g、(17.30±2.6)μg/g和(12.08±2.9)μg/g,与铁负荷组比较,高剂量番茄红素干预组大鼠组织中铁含量明显下降,血清总铁结合力明显增加,MDA含量明显下降,T-SOD活性明显上升,血清、心脏、肝和结肠CAT、GST活性明显上升(P<0.05)。结论番茄红素能有效清除体内自由基,增强机体抗氧化能力。     

番茄红素对脂多糖诱导巨噬细胞炎症反应影响

目的探讨番茄红素对脂多糖(LPS)所诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞炎症反应的影响。方法采用Griess法和酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法检测一氧化氮(NO)和白介素-6(IL-6)的生成水平,半定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和免疫印迹(Western-blot)法检测诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)和IL-6的基因表达量及iNOS的蛋白表达量。结果番茄红素中、高剂量组NO分别生成(40.6±1.5)、(26.6±1.3)μmol/L,均明显低于阳性对照组的(56.3±2.5)μmol/L(F=18.3,P<0.01);番茄红素低、中、高剂量组IL-6分泌量分别为(508.3±39.5)、(469.2±66.9)、(335.5±72.9)pg/mL,均明显低于阳性对照组的(603.4±16.8)pg/mL(F=92.6,P<0.05或P<0.01),且其iNOS和IL-6基因及蛋白表达水平也均明显低于阳性对照组。结论番茄红素能够降低LPS所诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞中iNOS、IL-6及其产物NO、IL-6的表达水平,提示其可能对于治疗各种炎症相关性疾病如动脉粥样硬化等有着重要意义。     

超声波法提取番茄红素的研究

目的研究从番茄酱中提取番茄红素的方法。方法应用超声波法提取番茄红素,并通过正交实验确定最佳工艺条件。结果番茄红素提取率为95.92%。番茄红素含量为17.9%。结论本法经济、实用,为番茄红素的工业化提取提供了依据。     

番茄红素对氟染毒小鼠氧化应激及行为影响

目的 探讨番茄红素对饮水性氟染毒小鼠氧化应激损伤与神经行为影响及可能机制。方法 成年雄性C57BL/6小鼠60只,随机分为对照组、染氟组、番茄红素组、番茄红素低、中、高剂量干预组,每组10只;连续处理6个月后, 氟离子选择电极法测定尿氟、血氟和脑氟含量;化学比色法检测血液和海马组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力;水迷路实验分析小鼠神经行为学改变。结果 与对照组比较,染氟组小鼠体重下降,尿氟、血氟和脑氟含量[分别为(3.76±1.60)、(19.26±0.62)、(1.19±0.12) mg/kg]升高(P<0.05),血液和海马组织中MDA含量显著增加、SOD、GSH-Px和CAT 酶活力下降(P<0.05);与染氟组比较,番茄红素高剂量干预组尿氟、血氟和脑氟含量[分别为(2.06±0.47)、(13.40±0.35)、(0.52±0.21) mg/kg]明显下降(P<0.05),血液和海马组织中MDA含量降低、SOD、GSH-Px和CAT 酶活力升高(P<0.05);与对照组比较,染氟组小鼠平均逃逸时间和靶象限活动时间[分别为(20.84±0.72)、(16.11±0.77) s]延长(P<0.05);与染氟组比较,番茄红素高剂量干预组小鼠平均逃逸时间和靶象限活动时间[分别为(14.01±0.82)、(7.38±0.37) s]下降(P<0.05)。结论 番茄红素能有效降低饮水性氟染毒小鼠氧化应激损伤及提高小鼠学习记忆能力,对饮水性氟中毒具有一定保护作用。     

三孢布拉霉菌提取番茄红素方法研究

目的:确定从三孢布拉霉菌提取番茄红素的最佳工艺条件.方法:研究了从三孢布拉霉菌中提取番茄红素的方法,通过正交实验确定了最佳工艺条件.结果:丙酮作为溶剂时提取效果最好,其最佳工艺条件为:物料比(菌丝和丙酮的质量体积比,g·mL-1)1:3,温度35℃,时间为2 h.结论:本方法简便、提取率高,适用于工业化生产.     

Radioprotective Effects of Amifostine and Lycopene on Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes In Vitro

BackgroundRadiation protection is a pivotal challenge for radiation workers employed in medical fields, industry, and also space professionals with an increasing role in medical diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Radioprotective effects of amifostine and lycopene and their ability to moderate the level of radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations were investigated using the dicentric chromosome assay.MethodsParallel human whole blood samples, pretreated with amifostine (250 μg/mL), lycopene (5 μg/mL), and/or their combinations were irradiated for 30 minutes with ⁶⁰Co γ rays (1, 2, 3, and 4 Gy) with a dose rate of 98.46 cGy/min at SAD = 100 cm, in vitro and cocultured with control groups. The frequencies of chromosomal aberrations in the lymphocyte of the cells were analyzed.ResultsThere were no apparent chromosome aberrations in controls and also in the drug-treated groups in the absence of radiation. Radiodrug treatment significantly decreased frequency of the radiation-induced chromosome aberrations compared with radiation alone (P < .05). Amifostine reduced the frequency of radiation-induced dicentrics by 15.8%, 21.9%, 4.5%, and 11.6%, with dose protection factors (DPFs) of 1.2 ± 0.02, 1.3 ± 0.1, 1.05 ± 0.03, and 1.13 ± 0.02. Lycopene reduced the frequency by 17.2%, 3.07%, 1.63%, and 16.6%, with DPFs of 1.21 ± 0.12, 1.03±0.05, 1.02±0.03 and 1.12±0.03. The combination treatment reduced the frequency by 28%, 24.9%, 9%, and 31.2%, with DPFs of 1.38 ± 0.06, 1.33 ± 0.06, 1.09 ± 0.02, and 1.45 ± 0.03 with radiation doses of 1, 2, 3, and 4 Gy, respectively.ConclusionsIt can be suggested that pretreatment with combined amifostine and lycopene may reduce the extent of ionizing radiation damage in cells.     

Antioxidant activity of topically applied lycopene

BACKGROUND: Ultraviolet (UV) rays cause depletion of the antioxidant substances contained in the epidermis. This is the rationale for the use of topical antioxidant substances. METHODS: We studied the protective activity against UV radiation of a product based on lycopene and a product containing a mixture of vitamins E and C. Photostimulation was applied with a solar simulator and the cutaneous response was evaluated instrumentally. RESULTS: The lycopene-based product had a much greater protective ability than the product containing the mixture of vitamins. CONCLUSIONS: Lycopene has suitable characteristics to be used successfully in the prevention of cutaneous damage by free radicals. Its antioxidant ability is probably due to its high reductive power.     

Chemoprevention of photocarcinogenesis by lycopene

This review focuses on the photoprotection conferred by lycopene, one of the most potent anti‐oxidants. Lycopene has been recently proposed to play a critical role on anticarcinogenic action at different levels. The photoprotective properties of lycopene remain contradictory. Some studies point out a positive and others a negative effect in both in vitro and in vivo models. Currently, researchers recognise that crucial gaps exist in understanding the role of carotenoids as effective modulators of apoptosis, cell cycle dynamics and/or of their in vivo behaviour as cellular anti‐oxidants. The development of novel therapeutic strategies for skin disorders depends on our understanding of the molecular mechanism of UV damage on skin cells. The use of several effective phytocompounds, including lycopene, working through preventive and/or corrective pathways in the cell, may be an approach for reducing UV‐B‐generated damage.