番茄红素对胃癌细胞SGC-7901生长的抑制作用

目的研究番茄红素体外对胃癌细胞SGC7901生长的抑制作用。方法将番茄红素作用于胃癌细胞SGC7901,四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法测定细胞生长抑制率,3H胸腺嘧啶核苷(3HTdR)参入试验测定对细胞DNA合成的影响,TRAPPCRELISA法检测端粒酶活性,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期及凋亡。结果番茄红素作用后胃癌细胞生长明显受抑制,24、48、72和96h的IC50分别为22×10-4、15×10-4、67×10-6和40×10-6mmolL-1。10-5mmolL-1的番茄红素作用胃癌细胞24、48、72、96h后,3HTdR掺入量分别为(442512±13409)cpm、(365647±15391)cpm、(275365±12833)cpm、(161482±9456)cpm,低于对照组的(624831±26563)cpm、(750582±25898)cpm、(832124±22352)cpm、(859130±36821)cpm(P<001);TRAPPCRELISA法显示A值分别为1102±0026、0846±0018、0735±0017、0586±0014,低于对照组(1801±0048、1887±0072、2047±0085、2131±0076,P<001)。10-5mmol·L-1的番茄红素作用胃癌细胞96h后,G0/G1期细胞比例为(697±52)%,高于对照组的(456±37)%(P<001),凋亡率达(256±28)%。结论番茄红素能明显抑制胃癌细胞增殖及端粒酶活性,能使细胞产生G0/G1期阻滞,并诱导凋亡。     

Tobacco carcinogen induces both lung cancer and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinomas in ferrets which can be attenuated by lycopene supplementation

Early epidemiologic studies have reported that tobacco smoking, which is causally associated with liver cancer, is an independent risk factor for non‐alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD). Lycopene from tomatoes has been shown to be a potential preventive agent against NAFLD and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the present study, we investigated whether the tobacco carcinogen 4‐(N‐methyl‐N‐nitrosamino)‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1‐butanone (NNK) induces lesions in both lungs and livers of ferrets with or without lycopene intervention. Male ferrets (6 groups, n = 8–10) were treated either with NNK (50 mg/kg BW, i.p., once a month for four consecutive months) or saline with or without dietary lycopene supplementation (2.2 and 6.6 mg/kg BW/day, respectively) for 26 weeks. Results demonstrate that NNK exposure results in higher incidences of lung tumors, HCC and steatohepatitis (which is characterized by severe inflammatory cell infiltration with concurrent fat accumulation in liver, hepatocellular ballooning degeneration and increased NF‐κB expression), as well as elevations in bilirubin and AST levels in ferrets. Lycopene supplementation at two doses prevented NNK‐induced expressions of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in the lung and NF‐κB and CYP2E1 in the liver and attenuated the NNK‐induced mortality and pathological lesions in both the lungs and livers of ferrets. The present study provided strong experimental evidence that the tobacco carcinogen NNK can induce both HCC and steatohepatitis in the ferrets and can be a useful model for studying tobacco carcinogen‐associated NAFLD and liver cancer. Furthermore, lycopene could provide potential benefits against smoke carcinogen‐induced pulmonary and hepatic injury.     

Lycopenaemia

Over the last few years, carotenoids have been studied extensively for their antioxidant activity and the supposed protective effects against cancer, in particular those of the digestive tract. Consumption of carotenoids as anti-ageing agents is also widely diffuse. Moreover, the diffusion of slimming and vegetarian diets, and thus the consumption of fruit and vegetables, which contain large amount of carotenoids, is increasing. On the other hand, the excessive dietary intake of carotenoid-containing foods may cause different afflictions characterized by a 'yellow-orange' discoloration of the skin. One of these carotenoids, the lycopene, present in high concentrations in tomatoes, may cause a rare cutaneous disease called lycopenaemia.     

番茄红素抗癌作用研究现状

许多流行病学研究表明，番茄制品可以降低癌的危险性，尤其是胃肠道和前列腺癌。番茄红素是番茄制品的主要类胡萝卜素，本文对番茄红素的分子结构、代谢等生物学特征、番茄红素的抗癌作用及其机制进行了综述。     

Radioprotective Effects of Amifostine and Lycopene on Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes In Vitro

BackgroundRadiation protection is a pivotal challenge for radiation workers employed in medical fields, industry, and also space professionals with an increasing role in medical diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Radioprotective effects of amifostine and lycopene and their ability to moderate the level of radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations were investigated using the dicentric chromosome assay.MethodsParallel human whole blood samples, pretreated with amifostine (250 μg/mL), lycopene (5 μg/mL), and/or their combinations were irradiated for 30 minutes with ⁶⁰Co γ rays (1, 2, 3, and 4 Gy) with a dose rate of 98.46 cGy/min at SAD = 100 cm, in vitro and cocultured with control groups. The frequencies of chromosomal aberrations in the lymphocyte of the cells were analyzed.ResultsThere were no apparent chromosome aberrations in controls and also in the drug-treated groups in the absence of radiation. Radiodrug treatment significantly decreased frequency of the radiation-induced chromosome aberrations compared with radiation alone (P < .05). Amifostine reduced the frequency of radiation-induced dicentrics by 15.8%, 21.9%, 4.5%, and 11.6%, with dose protection factors (DPFs) of 1.2 ± 0.02, 1.3 ± 0.1, 1.05 ± 0.03, and 1.13 ± 0.02. Lycopene reduced the frequency by 17.2%, 3.07%, 1.63%, and 16.6%, with DPFs of 1.21 ± 0.12, 1.03±0.05, 1.02±0.03 and 1.12±0.03. The combination treatment reduced the frequency by 28%, 24.9%, 9%, and 31.2%, with DPFs of 1.38 ± 0.06, 1.33 ± 0.06, 1.09 ± 0.02, and 1.45 ± 0.03 with radiation doses of 1, 2, 3, and 4 Gy, respectively.ConclusionsIt can be suggested that pretreatment with combined amifostine and lycopene may reduce the extent of ionizing radiation damage in cells.     

Efficacy of lycopene‐enriched virgin olive oil for treating burning mouth syndrome: a double‐blind randomised

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is an intensive chronic oral mucosal pain condition of unknown aetiology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of lycopene‐enriched virgin olive oil used to treat the condition, comparing this with a placebo. This study took the form of a double‐bind, randomised clinical trial. A total of 60 patients with BMS were randomly divided into two groups: Group I (n = 30) treated with lycopene‐enriched virgin olive oil (300 ppm) (1·5 mL three times a day) and Group II (n = 30) treated with a placebo (1·5 mL three times a day). Evaluations were made before and after 12 weeks of product/placebo application. Symptoms were evaluated by VAS, whilst patient psychological profiles were assessed using the HAD scale and patient quality of life using the Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 (OHIP‐14) and the Medical Outcome Short Form Health Survey questionnaire (SF36). Fifty patients completed the 12‐week treatment (26 in Group I and 24 in Group II). Visual analogue scale pain values improved in both groups but without statistically significant differences between the groups (P = 0·57). Oral quality of life also improved. Four patients in Group I (treatment) left the study and six left Group II (placebo). No patients experienced any adverse effects resulting from treatment at any of the evaluation times. Patients were lost from the sample due to lack of compliance. It was found that the lipid profile did not change during the 3‐month study period as a result of the application of lycopene‐enriched olive oil (Group I); nor did any change occur in the placebo group (Group II). In this way, the placebo effect was seen to be strong. The topical lycopene‐enriched virgin olive oil is a very safe and an effective similar way that the placebo for treating patients with BMS. However, future studies are required to establish the treatment for patients with chronic and painful syndrome.     

Dietary modification in patients with prostate cancer on active surveillance: a randomized, multicentre feasibility study

OBJECTIVES

To evaluate the feasibility of implementing a diet‐based intervention in men with prostate cancer on active surveillance, as changes in diet might potentially inhibit the progression of prostate cancer.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

As part of the Men’s Eating and Living (MEAL) Study (a multicentre pilot trial of a diet‐based intervention for prostate cancer) 43 men aged 50–80 years with prostate cancer and on active surveillance were randomized to receive either telephone‐based dietary counselling or standardized, written nutritional information. Telephone counselling targets included increased intakes of vegetables (particularly cruciferous vegetables and tomato products), whole grains, and beans/legumes. Dietary intakes and plasma carotenoid levels were assessed at baseline and at after 6 months.

RESULTS

In the intervention arm the mean daily intakes of total vegetables, crucifers and tomato products increased by 71%, 180% and 265%, respectively (P < 0.05); in the control arm there were no significant changes in mean intakes of these components. Similarly, in the intervention arm, mean plasma levels of α‐carotene, β‐carotene, lutein, lycopene and total carotenoids increased by 37%, 32%, 23%, 30% and 25%, respectively (P < 0.05); in the control arm there were no significant changes in plasma levels of these components. There were no significant changes in either group in whole grain, beans/legumes, or fat intake.

CONCLUSIONS

Telephone‐based dietary counselling increases vegetable intake and plasma concentrations of potentially anticarcinogenic carotenoids in men with prostate cancer on active surveillance. These data support the feasibility of implementing clinical trials of diet‐based interventions in this population.     

Phytochemicals in Cancer Prevention and Therapy: Truth or Dare?

A voluminous literature suggests that an increase in consumption of fruit and vegetables is a relatively easy and practical strategy to reduce significantly the incidence of cancer. The beneficial effect is mostly associated with the presence of phytochemicals in the diet. This review focuses on a group of them, namely isothiocyanate, curcumin, genistein, epigallocatechin gallate, lycopene and resveratrol, largely studied as chemopreventive agents and with potential clinical applications. Cellular and animal studies suggest that these molecules induce apoptosis and arrest cell growth by pleiotropic mechanisms. The anticancer efficacy of these compounds may result from their use in monotherapy or in association with chemotherapeutic drugs. This latter approach may represent a new pharmacological strategy against several types of cancers. However, despite the promising results from experimental studies, only a limited number of clinical trials are ongoing to assess the therapeutic efficacy of these molecules. Nevertheless, the preliminary results are promising and raise solid foundations for future investigations.     

Lycopene,a powerful antioxidant,significantly reduces the development of the adhesion phenotype

Abstract

Postoperative adhesions are a common medical complication of gynecologic and other pelvic surgeries resulting in persistent pelvic pain, obstruction of the intestines, and even infertility. The molecular mechanisms of postoperative adhesion development remain to be elucidated. We have recently described a role for reactive oxygen species, specifically superoxide, in the development of postoperative adhesions. In this study, we sought to determine whether lycopene, a potent antioxidant, reduces markers characteristic of the adhesion phenotype. Primary fibroblast cultures from normal peritoneum and adhesion tissues were utilized to determine mRNA levels of adhesion phenotype markers type I collagen, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in response to lycopene (24 hours, 10?μM) treatment. There was a 2 (p?<?0.003), 4.7 (p?<?0.004), and 1.6 fold (p?<?0.004) increase in mRNA levels of type I collagen, TGF-β1, and VEGF, respectively, in adhesion as compared to normal peritoneal fibroblasts. Lycopene treatment led to a 6.8 and a 12.4 fold decrease in type I collagen mRNA levels, in normal peritoneal and adhesion fibroblasts, respectively (p?<?0.005). Lycopene treatment led to a 4.2 (p?<?0.03) and a 4.6 (p?<?0.05) fold decrease in VEGF mRNA levels, in normal peritoneal and adhesion fibroblasts, respectively. Lycopene treatment led to a 7.0 fold decrease in TGF-β1 mRNA levels, in adhesion fibroblasts (p?<?0.03). A 1.9 fold decrease in TGF-β1 mRNA was observed in normal peritoneal fibroblasts in response to treatment, although it was not significant. Lycopene substantially reduced levels of adhesion phenotype markers in normal peritoneal and adhesion fibroblasts and whether it will reduce postoperative adhesions needs to be further investigated.