番茄红素对大鼠急性肺损伤的保护作用及机制研究

目的研究番茄红素(lycopene)对急性肺损伤(ALI)的保护作用并探讨其作用机制。方法采用酸吸入致大鼠ALI模型,测定ALI后6 h肺毛细血管通透性、肺湿干质量比(mW∶mD)、肺组织髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性并观察6 h、7 d、14 d肺组织病理学改变,研究番茄红素的肺保护作用;通过测定ALI大鼠血浆TNFα、NO、MDA含量及肺组织羟脯氨酸(HYP)含量和SOD活性以及骨形态生发蛋白4(BMP 4)mRNA的表达,探讨番茄红素的肺保护机制。结果番茄红素明显减轻酸吸入致ALI早期肺毛细血管通透性和炎性细胞浸润及后期肺纤维化,降低血浆TNFα、NO、MDA及肺组织HYP含量,增加SOD活性,抑制因ALI诱导而上调的BMP 4 mRNA的表达。结论番茄红素对酸吸入致ALI具有明显的保护作用,其机制可能与抗氧化、抑制早期炎症因子及BMP 4基因表达有关。     

番茄红素对镉中毒大鼠肝细胞DNA损伤的影响

类胡萝卜素是自然界中分布最多的色素之一,其生理功能的研究已成为国际上功能性食品成分研究中的一个热点。番茄红素是其中主要的一种,具有较强的抗氧化作用,是所有类胡萝卜素中最有效的单线态氧淬灭剂。镉是一种重金属环境污染物,是较强的脂质过氧化剂,具有致癌、致畸和致突变作用。镉能使DNA单链断裂,并有氧化损伤产物8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanine,8-OHdG)的生成[1]。本实验采用大鼠镉暴露损伤模型,观察番茄红素对镉中毒大鼠的保护作用。1材料与方法1.1试剂及仪器番茄红素油树脂,从成熟番茄中提取,使用时用色拉油稀释至…     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法快速测定番茄红素油树脂中的总VE

目的:建立番茄红素油树脂中总VE含量的快速测定方法。方法:应用PRP-6固相萃取柱,先以90%乙醇/水洗脱去除样品中的皂化物和强极性物质,再用无水乙醇洗脱VE并用HPLC测定其含量。结果:极性杂质去除效果良好,在所考察的浓度范围内具有良好线性,r为0.9998,加标回收率为99.85%～99.95%。结论:固相萃取-高效液相色谱法简单、快捷、灵敏,可有效地用于番茄红素油树脂总VE的检测。     

番茄红素对动脉粥样硬化兔血脂的调节作用

目的研究番茄红素(lycopene)对动脉粥样硬化兔血脂的调节作用。方法21只新西兰大白兔,♀♂不拘,随机分为正常对照组、高脂模型组(胆固醇组)、番茄红素预防干预组(药物组),分别饲喂标准、标准+胆固醇、标准+胆固醇+番茄红素的颗粒饲料,于实验开始前1d和开始后第4、8、10wk末取空腹血,检测血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDLC)。10wk末取血后处死,取主动脉、肝脏做病理形态学观察。所有数据经SPSS10.0软件进行统计分析。结果与胆固醇组比较,药物组的TG在第10wk时降低(P<0.01)。病理分析,主动脉的苏丹Ⅳ大体观察显示,药物组的主动脉脂质斑块面积较胆固醇组减少,脂肪肝的程度也较胆固醇组减轻。结论番茄红素可以防止或延缓新西兰兔大血管动脉粥样硬化病变的形成,其机制除抗氧化以外,还可能与调血脂、降低甘油三酯浓度有关。     

番茄红素微囊的体内外药剂学行为

目的考察番茄红素微囊的体外释放、番茄红素原料及番茄红素微囊在家犬体内的药代动力学、体外释放和体内吸收的相关性。方法用分光光度法测定释放介质中番茄红素的含量。用HPLC法测定家犬体内的番茄红素含量，数据用3P87程序处理，得到各主要药代动力学参数。体内吸收与体外释放进行点点相关。结果微囊体外释放呈肠溶性，原料及番茄红素微囊的T_1/2α分别为7.30和15.06 h；T_1/2β分别为28.10和46.76 h；T_max分别为22.32和41.03 h；AUC_0-∞分别为1.67和2.08 μg·h·L^-1。体内外相关性良好。结论微囊较原料药呈现缓释特征，体内外相关性结果表明可以根据体外释放情况预测体内的吸收。     

Cancer chemoprevention

Chemoprevention means prevention of cancer by administering chemical compounds. Ideal chemopreventive agents are non-toxic, inexpensive and can be taken orally. A large number of natural and synthetic compounds have cancer preventive properties in cell culture or animal model studies. With the demonstration of tamoxifen's ability to prevent breast cancer in women, the feasibility of chemoprevention in humans has now been firmly established. Current challenge is to build on this success and identify non-toxic chemopreventive agents. A promising area of research is clinical studies with botanicals, cancer preventive compounds in fruits, vegetables and other plants.     

Carotenoids,retinol, and vitamin E and risk of proliferative benign breast disease and breast cancer

We investigated the relationship between serum levels of retinol, -carotene, -carotene, lycopene, -tocopherol, and -tocopherol as well as intakes of retinol, carotene, and vitamin E and the risks of breast cancer and proliferative benign breast disease (BBD) in a case-control study of postmenopausal women in the Boston, MA (United States) area. Serum nutrient data were available for 377 women with newly diagnosed stage I or II breast cancer and 173 women with proliferative BBD. Controls were 403 women who were evaluated at the same institutions but did not require a breast biopsy or whose biopsy revealed nonproliferative BBD. We observed no significant associations between serum levels of these micronutrients and risk of proliferative BBD or breast cancer. The risk of breast cancer was decreased among women in the highest quintile of intake of vitamin E from food sources only (odds ratio [OR] for the highest quintile = 0.4,95 percent confidence interval [CI]=0.2–0.9; P, trend across quintiles = 0.02) but less so for total vitamin E intake including supplements (OR=0.7, CI=0.4–1.3; P, trend = 0.07).This project was supported by research grant CA 40429 from the National Cancer Institute. Dr London was supported in part by an Institutional National Research Service Award (CA 09001) from the National Cancer Institute.     

番茄红素对反式脂肪酸致小鼠肾脏损伤的修复作用

目的:探讨番茄红素(Lycopene,LP)对反式脂肪酸(Trans fatty acid,TFA)染毒小鼠肾脏损伤的修复作用及其机制.方法:40只健康SPF级小鼠随机分为正常对照、TFA染毒、TFA染毒+低剂量LP保护、TFA染毒+中剂量LP保护和TFA染毒+高剂量LP保护5个组,每组8只(雌雄各半).统一在上午对对照组用生理盐水对小鼠进行灌胃,除外各组分别灌胃TFA 50mg/kg.bw;在下午对各剂量LP保护组分别灌胃LP 5mg/kg.bw、10mg/kg.bw、20mg/kg.bw,隔天灌胃一次.8周后,观察小鼠生长情况,取其肾脏标本做病理形态学观察;取血,进行血清尿素(UREA)、肌酐(CREA)、尿酸(UA)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)含量的检测和肾组织丙二醛(MDA)含量及肾脏超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性的测定.结果:较对照组,TFA染毒组小鼠体重、肾脏脏器系数、血清中UREA、CREA、TG、TC、LDL-C及MDA含量增加,差异间均有统计学意义;UA、HDL-C含量减少及SOD、GSH-Px活性下降,差异间均有统计学意义;且肾组织可见形态病变.较TFA染毒组,TFA染毒+低、中、高LP保护组体重、肝脏脏器系数、血清中UREA、CREA、TG、TC、LDL-C及MDA含量减少差异间均有统计学意义;UA、HDL-C含量增加及SOD、GSH-Px活性有升高,差异间均有统计学意义;且随着LP剂量的升高,肾组织结构趋于正常,病理变化明显改善.结论:番茄红素可修复由反式脂肪酸导致的肾脏损伤,对肾功能有保护作用.     

Plasma concentrations of carotenoids in healthy volunteers after intervention with carotenoid-rich foods

Summary Aim of the study: The present study was conducted to investigate changes in the plasma concentration of carotenoids and carotenoid oxidation products, vitamin A, α- and γ-tocopherol, and ubiquinone-10 during a dietary intervention trial with 23 male healthy volunteers. Method: A two week carotenoid depletion period was followed by a daily consumption of 330 mL tomato juice (40 mg lycopene), then by 330 mL carrot juice (15.7 mg α-carotene and 22.3 mg β-carotene), and then by a 10 g spinach powder preparation (11.3 mg lutein and 3.1 mg β-carotene) served with main meals for two weeks, respectively. Blood samples were collected in the morning after an overnight fasting and carotenoids, vitamin A, tocopherols, and ubichinone were analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC. Results: During the tomato juice intervention, plasma concentrations of trans- and cis-lycopene increased 2-fold compared to the depletion period. Lycopene oxidation products could be demonstrated in plasma and were significantly elevated compared to control (p<0.001). After two weeks of carrot juice consumption, α-carotene and β-carotene concentrations increased 8.6- and 3.2-fold, respectively. Finally, during the spinach consumption period the lutein concentration increased 2-fold, while the β-carotene concentrations were still elevated 2-fold. Conclusions: The moderate change in dietary habits, e.g., the consumption of 330 mL of carotenoid-rich vegetable juices caused significant changes in the plasma carotenoid concentrations, indicating a high bioavailability of carotenoids from the processed vegetable products. The changes in plasma carotenoid concentrations reflected the carotenoid composition of the consumed foods. However, particularly during the tomato juice intervention period the occurrence of lycopene oxidation products and cis-lycopene isomers in plasma was eminent. The formation may be due to antioxidant reactions of lycopene in the organism. Received: 30 September 1998, Accepted: 11 November 1998     

The effects of lycopene supplement on the spermatogram and seminal oxidative stress in infertile men: A randomized,double‐blind,placebo‐controlled clinical trial

Infertility is a major, worldwide problem that is affected, and mediated, by several factors, in particular, oxidative stress. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of lycopene supplementation on spermatogram and seminal oxidative stress. In this randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial study, 44 infertile men with oligozoospermia were randomly divided into two groups: The experimental group was supplemented with 25 mg of lycopene, and the control group received placebo for 12 weeks. Anthropometric, physical activity and dietary assessment, semen analysis, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde, and glutathione peroxidase were measured pre‐ and post‐intervention. At the end of the study, there was a significant increase in total sperm count and concentration in the lycopene group, and the latter total count remained significant after adjustment (p < .05). Intragroup analysis showed a significant increase in ejaculate volume, total sperm count, concentration total motility, nonprogressive, and nonmotility in lycopene group (p < .05). The TAC changes, in both groups, remained significant after adjustment (p < .05). Also, within‐group analysis showed a significant increase in TAC levels (p < .05). Lycopene supplement can improve sperm parameters and oxidative stress biomarkers in oligozoospermia infertile men; however, further studies with larger sample size and duration are required.