Neuroprotective Effect of Lycopene Against PTZ‐induced Kindling Seizures in Mice: Possible Behavioural,Biochemical and Mitochondrial Dysfunction

Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are the major contributing factors in the pathophysiology of various neurological disorders. Recently, antioxidant therapies aimed at reducing oxidative stress gained a considerable attention in epilepsy treatment. Lycopene, a carotenoid antioxidant, has received scientific interest in recent years. So, the present study has been designed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of lycopene against the pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)‐induced kindling epilepsy. Laca mice received lycopene (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg) and sodium valproate for a period of 29 days and PTZ (40 mg/kg i.p (Intraperitoneal)) injection on alternative days. Various behavioural (kindling score), biochemical parameters (lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, catalase and nitrite) and mitochondrial enzyme complex activities (I, II and IV) were assessed in the brain. Results depicted that repeated administration of a sub‐convulsive dose of PTZ (40 mg/kg) significantly increased kindling score, oxidative damage and impaired mitochondrial enzyme complex activities (I, II and IV) as compared with naive animals. Lycopene (5 and 10 mg/kg) and sodium valproate (100 mg/kg) treatment for a duration of 29 days significantly attenuated kindling score, reversed oxidative damage and restored mitochondrial enzyme complex activities (I, II and IV) as compared with control. Thus, present study demonstrates the neuroprotective potential of lycopene in PTZ‐induced kindling in mice. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

番茄红素和大豆异黄酮组合物的毒理学评价

背景与目的:对番茄红素和大豆异黄酮组合物的食用安全性进行毒理学评价.材料与方法:根据<保健食品检验与评价技术规范>进行大鼠经口急性毒性试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验、Ames试验.结果:番茄红素和大豆异黄酮组合物的大鼠经口 LD50>10.0 g/kg;小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验及Ames试验结果均为阴性.结论:番茄红素和大豆异黄酮组合物属无毒级物质,无致突变作用.     

番茄红素对心肌细胞氧化应激损伤的保护作用

目的：探讨番茄红素（Lycopene）对心肌细胞氧化应激损伤的保护作用及机制。方法体外培养 H9c2心肌细胞,分为正常对照组（对照组）、番茄红素预处理组（Lycopene组）、模型组（H2 O2组）和番茄红素预处理后建立模型组（Lycopene加H2 O2组）。除对照组及Lycopene组外,其余各组用过氧化氢（H2 O2）200μmol／L处理6 h ,建立心肌细胞氧化应激损伤模型。Lycopene组建模前30 min加入5μmol／L的番茄红素。6 h后M T T观察H9c2心肌细胞存活率;分光光度计检测细胞培养液上清中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）活性和细胞中丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性;激光共聚焦联合流式细胞仪观察细胞内活性氧（ROS）的产生和线粒体膜电位;流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡;酶标仪检测细胞内ATP水平。结果与对照组比较,H2O2组LDH、CK-BM、ROS、MDA及细胞凋亡率显著增加,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;H9c2心肌细胞存活率、SOD、ATP及线粒体膜电位显著降低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。与 H2O2组比较,Lycopene加 H2O2组LDH、CK-BM、ROS、MDA及细胞凋亡率显著降低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;H9c2心肌细胞存活率、SOD、ATP及线粒体膜电位显著增加,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论番茄红素可以减轻氧化应激条件下H9c2心肌细胞的损伤,其机制可能与清除细胞内氧化应激产物,增强细胞内抗氧化酶活性及改善线粒体功能有关。     

番茄红素体外抗肿瘤作用实验研究

目的:研究番茄红素体外抑制肿瘤的可能机制。方法 :采用体外细胞培养技术观察番茄红素对人宫颈癌细胞 (Hela)、人肝癌细胞 (QGY- 770 3,Q3)、人肾癌细胞 (786 - O) 3种细胞系细胞凋亡及突变型 p5 3蛋白表达的影响。 结果 :吖啶橙荧光染色后未发现 3种癌细胞 (Hela、Q3、786 - O)有典型凋亡现象 ,Hoechst332 5 8荧光染色后在所试 2种癌细胞 (Hela、786 - O)中无典型凋亡现象。利用 DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳技术检测细胞凋亡未见 3种 DNA移动呈“梯形”条带。受试物对 Hela、786 - O2种细胞突变型 p5 3蛋白表达的检测与未加受试物的空白对照相比未显示出明显变化。 结论 :番茄红素在体外对所试 3种癌细胞的抑制生长作用可能与促细胞凋亡无关 ,该作用也不是通过抑制突变型 p5 3蛋白表达途径实现的。     

番茄红素联合槲皮素、姜黄素对大鼠慢性前列腺炎/慢性骨盆疼痛综合征的治疗作用以及机制的初步探讨

目的:观察番茄红素联合槲皮素、姜黄素对大鼠慢性前列腺炎/慢性骨盆疼痛综合征(CP/CPPS)的治疗作用,并对其机制进行初步探讨.方法:选取6周龄SD雄性大鼠33只,随机分成正常对照组(n=3)、模型组(n =6)、槲皮素组(n =6)、姜黄素组(n =6)、番茄红素组(n =6)、三素组(n =6),用完全弗氏佐剂诱导...     

高效液相色谱法测定血清叶黄素、番茄红素和β-胡萝卜素

目的建立血清中叶黄素、β-胡萝卜素、番茄红素的高效液相色谱测定法。方法Inertsil ODS C18色谱柱(250×4.6mm,粒径5μm);选用甲醇-乙腈-四氢呋喃(60:20:20),含0.01%的抗坏血酸为流动相;流速为1.0ml/min;检测波长为450nm。结果叶黄素、番茄红素和β-胡萝卜素的保留时间分别为4.3min、12.4min和17.0min,回收率分别为97.98%～102.80%、97.24%～101.76%、98.56%~100.4%,日内和日间RSD分别为2.26%和3.02%、4.34%和5.02%、1.81%和2.52%。标准曲线的线性范围为0.05～2.00μg/ml。90名正常人血清中叶黄素、番茄红素与β-胡萝卜素的含量分别为0.34±0.17μg/ml、0.28±0.16μg/ml、0.49±0.25μg/ml。结论HPLC法测定人血清叶黄素、番茄红素和β-胡萝卜素浓度方法可靠,样品处理快速简便。     

番茄红素对血脂及TNF-α mRNA表达的影响

目的：通过建立家兔动脉粥样硬化模型,观察TNF-α mRNA在实验性动脉粥样硬化家兔心脏和主动脉平滑肌细胞内的表达及番茄红素对其表达的影响.方法：将家兔按性别、体质量划分区组,随机分为5组,即空白组（N）、模型组（M）、番茄红素小剂量组（LS）、番茄红素大剂量组（LL）、血脂康组（X）.每组各6只,雄雌均等.空白组每日给予普通饲料,其余各组每日每只给予高脂饲料连续造模60d,从第61日起,灌胃给药,番茄红素高剂量组灌番茄红素液50mg/（kg.d）; 番茄红素低剂量组灌番茄红素液16.6mg/（kg.d）; 血脂康对照组灌血脂康56mg/（kg.d）; 空白对照组、模型组给予蒸馏水,连续用药40d后,测定血清脂质（TC,TG,HDL,LDL）含量.采用RT-PCR法检测TNF-α在主动脉和心脏mRNA的表达.所有数据经SPSS13.0软件进行统计分析.结果：番茄红素高剂量组家兔血清TG含量明显低于模型组（P〈0.05）,而番茄红素小剂量组与模型组比较无统计学差异.RT-PCR实验表明番茄红素能够抑制家兔主动脉和心脏TNF-αmRNA的表达.结论：番茄红素可以防止或延缓家兔动脉粥样硬化病变的形成,对动脉粥样硬化家兔的血脂和脂蛋白代谢紊乱具有调节作用,其作用机制可能与抑制TNF-αmRNA的表达有关.     

Bioavailability of lycopene in the rat: the role of intestinal lymphatic transport

Objectives As a natural antioxidant derived from dietary sources, lycopene has attracted considerable attention as a potent chemopreventative agent. Lycopene is an extremely lipophilic compound and absorption from dietary sources is estimated to be low and highly variable. As a result, plasma lycopene concentrations are poorly correlated with dietary intake of lycopene rich food stuffs. The development of an oral formulation remains a challenge that requires a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the intestinal absorption of this compound. Methods The solubility of lycopene in simulated physiological fluids and bile salt mixed micelle formulations was determined. The extent of intestinal lymphatic transport and the absolute bioavailability of lycopene from a range of biorelevant media was evaluated in a mesenteric lymph duct cannulated anaesthetised rat model. Results The absolute bioavailability of lycopene after 8 h was 1.85 ± 0.39%. The overall extent of the intestinal lymphatic transport was in the range of 0.6–3.4% of the administered dose. A strong positive correlation (r² > 0.9) between intestinal lycopene levels and intestinal triglyceride levels was demonstrated. Conclusions The intestinal lymphatic route is the major uptake mechanism of lycopene from the gastrointestinal tract. Lycopene transport in intestinal lymph was closely associated with triglyceride transport in the lymph. Formulation strategies designed to promote intestinal lymphatic uptake, such as lipid‐based formulations containing long‐chain fatty acids (LCFA) or lecithin, may serve to enhance oral bioavailability of lycopene.