全氟辛烷磺酸和番茄红素对大鼠肝脏毒性的影响

目的观察全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）和番茄红素（LP）对大鼠肝脏毒性的影响。方法将成年SD大鼠48只随机分为8组：溶剂对照组、低、中、高剂量PFOS染毒组、LP组、LP保护低、中、高剂量PFOS染毒组;溶剂对照组进食2%Tween-80处理后的普通饲料,低、中、高PFOS染毒组分别进食5、25、125 mg/kg PFOS染毒饲料,LP组和LP保护低、中、高剂量PFOS染毒组灌胃LP（20 mg/kg）,每天一次,每周连续5天,连续2个月;末次染毒24 h后,眼眶静脉丛取血后处死大鼠,测定各组大鼠的肝脏功能指标的变化。结果中、高剂量PFOS组大鼠肝脏脏器系数高于溶剂对照组（P〈0.05）,LP保护中、高剂量PFOS组肝脏脏器系数与相同剂量PFOS染毒组相比降低（P〈0.05）;中、高剂量PFOS染毒组肝组织出现明显的肝细胞水肿和弥漫性脂肪变性,经LP保护后肝组织仅出现轻度的气球样变和胞浆疏松化;与溶剂对照组比较,中、高剂量的PFOS染毒大鼠血清的ALT、ASP、AST增高,LP保护中、高剂量PFOS染毒组大鼠血清的ALT、ASP、AST均低于相同剂量PFOS染毒组（P〈0.05）;中、高剂量的PFOS染毒大鼠肝组织中MDA、GSH含量增高,GSH-Px、SOD活力下降,LP保护PFOS染毒组大鼠肝中的MDA、GSH含量降低,GSH-Px、SOD活力增高。结论全氟辛烷磺酸可致SD大鼠肝组织损伤,番茄红素可拮抗PFOS所致肝脏损伤;抗氧化损伤是LP拮抗PFOS致肝损伤的重要机制。     

Effects of Lycopene Alone or Combined with Melatonin on Methotrexate-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats

Methotrexate (Mtx), used for its anticancer and immunsuppresive properties, is known to be a nephrotoxicagent. We aimed to investigate the effects of lycopene (Lyc) alone or combined with melatonin (Mel) on Mtxinducednephrotoxicity since both of these agents have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Nephrotoxicitywas induced by intraperitoneal administration of methotrexate at a dose of 20 mg/kg. Treatment both with Lycalone and Lyc combined with Mel provided significant reduction in tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin1-beta and ceruloplasmin levels in Mtx administered rats. Hovewer, Lyc combined with Mel provided a significantreduction also in NO levels. Hstopathological examination showed that there was an obvious improvement inthe degenerative changes compared to Mtx administrated group with the Lyc combined Mel group giving bestprotection. In conclusion Lyc alone and combined with Mel provided significant improvement against renaldamage caused by Mtx, preseumably via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.     

番茄红素在血液透析患者中的抗氧化及调脂作用

目的观察番茄红素(Lyc)在接受静脉铁剂治疗的维持性血液透析(MHD)患者中的抗氧化及调脂作用。方法选取30例MHD患者,随机分为2组(对照组和试验组,各15例)。对照组(C)在患者透析时给予蔗糖铁注射液100 mg,2次/周,用药5 w(补铁量为1000 mg),观察时间8 w。试验组(L):除蔗糖铁注射液使用如上述外,同时再口服Lyc胶囊,2粒/次,2次/日,用药8 w,观察时间8 w。观察并比较两组患者治疗前及治疗8w后的氧化指标和血脂水平。结果两组患者治疗后SOD和GSH-Px水平较治疗前有显著性下降;治疗后L组SOD和GSH-Px水平显著性高于C组。两组患者治疗后MDA水平较治疗前有显著性升高;治疗后L组MDA水平显著性低于C组。治疗后L组HDL较治疗前有显著性升高,LDL/HDL比值较治疗前有显著性下降。结论番茄红素在接受静脉铁剂治疗的MHD患者中,可以起到抗氧化的作用,同时可以升高HDL水平,降低LDL/HDL比值。     

Simultaneous measurement of serum retinol,tocopherols, carotenes,and carotenoids by high performance liquid chromatography

An isocratic, high-performance liquid chromatography method is presented for the simultaneous analysis of retinol, tocopherols, carotenes, and other carotenoids. The method employs detection at two wavelengths (292 and 450 nm) and three internal standards, which are: retinyl acetate, alpha-tocopheryl acetate, and retinyl palmitate. The use of the internal standards is important for accurate quantitation, especially to correct for recovery of beta-carotene. The long-term (n = 81, over three months) precision of the method ranged from a coefficient of variation of 8.2% for retinol to 16% for lycopene. This assay system provides accurate, precise, and rapid analysis and is suitable for longitudinal and cross-sectional large-scale epidemiological studies of these vitamins.     

番茄红素高压处理后抗乳腺癌细胞增殖的研究

目的:研究番茄红素高压后的组分变化及通过体外研究,观察不同组分番茄红素的抗人乳腺癌细胞活性。方法:采用HPLC法和UV-vis法分析高压后番茄红素组分变化。采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法考察不同结构的番茄红素对雌激素受体阴性(ER-)人乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-435S的增殖抑制作用。结果:(1)番茄红素高压处理(300MPa,8min,10℃)后总量变为原来的56.3%,顺式异构体比例从0.3%提高到10.05%。(2)番茄红素对MDA-MB-435S细胞的增殖抑制作用有剂量-效应关系和时间-效应关系。未处理番茄红素IC50为22.4μmol/L;高压后番茄红素IC50为13.6μmol/L。(3)高压后番茄红素对乳腺癌细胞的增殖抑制作用增强。在浓度为10μmol/L时,4d后,高压后番茄红素对细胞的抑制率是未处理番茄红素的1.9倍。结论:番茄红素顺式异构体的抗乳腺癌细胞活性大于反式异构体,有关机制值得进一步研究。     

番茄红素对急性肝损伤大鼠抗氧化酶的影响

目的　观察四氯化碳急性中毒对大鼠机体抗氧化酶活力的影响及番茄红素 (lycopene ,LP)的保护作用。方法　大鼠灌胃番茄红素 ,4周后以四氯化碳腹腔注射 ,2 4h后处死 ,测定血清和肝匀浆的超氧化物岐化酶 (SOD)活性 ,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH Px)活力 ,丙二醛 (MDA)含量 ,还原型谷胱肝肽 (GSH)含量及总抗氧化能力 (T AOC)。结果　与模型组相比 ,各番茄红素组的大鼠血清和肝组织的SOD活性 ,GSH Px活力上升 ,MDA含量降低 ,GSH含量升高 ,T AOC升高 ,差异有统计学意义 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　番茄红素可以提高大鼠机体的抗氧化能力 ,减轻四氯化碳对机体造成的肝损伤。     

番茄红素对小鼠铅诱导的脂质过氧化的影响

目的观察染铅小鼠抗氧化系统的改变及番茄红素对抗氧化酶系统的影响。方法小鼠经饮水铅染毒（醋酸铅）造成铅中毒模型后给予番茄红素，4周后处死，测定血清和肝匀浆的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—PX）活力、丙二醛（MDA）含量。结果给予番茄红素的小鼠血清和肝组织的SOD活性、GSH—PX活力上升，MDA含量降低，与中毒模型组相比，在统计学上差异有显著性P〈0．05，结论铅中毒可引起小鼠过氧化损伤，番茄红素可以减轻铅中毒引起的脂质过氧化，提高小鼠机体的抗氧化能力。     

Protective activity of tomato products on <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vivo</Emphasis> markers of lipid oxidation

Summary.Background: It has been suggested that regular consumption of tomato products improves antioxidant defenses due to their endogenous antioxidant compounds, notably lycopene.Aim of the study: We evaluated the effects of tomato consumption on parameters of lipid oxidation in healthy human volunteers.Methods: Twelve females (enrolled at T-7), after a one-week of carotenoid-poor diet (T0), were instructed to supplement the same diet with different tomato products (raw, sauce, and paste), thereby providing approximately eight mg lycopene/day for three weeks (T21). Blood samples were periodically collected in order to evaluate plasma carotenoid concentrations, plasma antioxidant capacity, and susceptibility of LDL to metal ion-induced oxidation. Furthermore, 8-iso-PGF₂, a marker of in vivo oxidative stress, was analyzed in the 24-hour urine.Results: Carotenoid concentrations decreased significantly during the carotenoid-poor diet (P < 0.05), while lycopene concentrations increased significantly after tomato consumption (P < 0.001). The antioxidant capacity of plasma did not vary during the study. Conversely, LDL oxidizability decreased after tomato consumption, as demonstrated by a shortening of the lag phase (P < 0.001). This parameter was significantly correlated with lycopene concentration (r = 0.36, P < 0.05). The excretion of 8-iso-PGF₂ in urine was also significantly lower (–53%, P < 0.05 compared with T0) after tomato supplementation.Conclusions: These results further support a role for tomato products in the prevention of lipid peroxidation, a risk factor of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.     

Synthetic and tomato-based lycopene have identical bioavailability in humans

Summary. Background: Bioavailability studies with lycopene have focused on natural sources. A synthetic source has recently become available. Aim of the study: To determine the relative bioavailabilities of synthetic and tomato-based lycopene in free living volunteers in a single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel trial. Methods: Three groups (n=12/group) of healthy, normolipemic male and female subjects with a mean baseline serum lycopene concentration of 0.36 µmol/L took a dose of 15 mg/day total lycopene for 28 days from either Lycovit 10% (beadlets, BASF, Germany) or Lyc-O-Mato (beads, LycoRed Natural Products, Israel) or a placebo (without lycopene) together with the main meal. The increase in serum lycopene from baseline was used as the parameter of bioavailability. Results: Synthetic and tomato-lycopene resulted in significant increases above baseline of serum total lycopene by 0.58 and 0.57 µmol/L, trans-lycopene by 0.34 and 0.41 µmol/L, and total-cis-lycopene by 0.24 and 0.16 µmol/L, whereas no significant changes were found in the placebo treatment. The mean serum total lycopene response to synthetic and natural lycopene was not significantly different. Neither lycopene source affected the other serum carotenoids, viz. -carotene, -carotene, -cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin and lutein. Conclusion: We conclude that synthetic and natural lycopene are equivalent sources of lycopene and that there is no interaction with other circulating carotenoids.     

番茄红素对镉中毒大鼠体内抗氧化酶活力影响

目的　观察番茄红素 (lycopene,LP)对镉 (Cd)中毒大鼠抗氧化酶系统的影响。 方法　大鼠饲喂CdCl2 和番茄红素 ,4周后处死 ,测定血清和肝匀浆的超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH -Px)活力、丙二醛 (MDA)及还原型谷胱甘肽 (GSH)含量。结果　与模型组相比 ,番茄红素组的大鼠血清和肝组织的SOD活性、GSH -Px活力上升 ,MDA含量降低 ,有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　番茄红素可以拮抗镉的毒性 ,提高大鼠机体的抗氧化能力 ,抑制镉中毒所致的脂质过氧化。