Hearing Outcomes after Surgical Drainage of Petrous Apex Cholesterol Granuloma

Objective This study aims to assess the hearing outcomes of patients undergoing surgical management of petrous apex cholesterol granuloma and to discuss the role of otic capsule–sparing approaches in drainage of petrous apex cholesterol granulomas. Design Retrospective case series. Setting Tertiary care medical center. Participants Eight patients underwent surgery for presumed or definitive cholesterol granuloma between 2002 and 2011 and met the inclusion criteria for this study. Main Outcome Measures Pre- and postoperative audiogram results as measured by pure tone thresholds and word recognition scores. Results Four patients (50%) demonstrated improvement in speech discrimination. One patient had an increase from 0 to 67% in word recognition scores. Four patients (50%) demonstrated worsening of pure tone thresholds, including two patients with anacusis. Conclusion Perilabyrinthine drainage of petrous apex cholesterol granulomas may result in hearing preservation or hearing improvement, even in the setting of otic capsule erosion. Patients should be counseled about the potential risk of significant hearing loss.     

持续缓慢低效血液透析对重症肾功能衰竭患者的治疗效果

目的 观察持续缓慢低效血液透析(SLED)与常规间断性血液透析(IHD)对重症肾功能衰竭患者血液动力学的影响.方法 纳入重症肾功能衰竭患者20例,采用自身对照法分为两组,对照组(A组,n=20)行间断性血液透析4h,观察组(B组,n=20)行持续缓慢低效血液透析6h.治疗全程每小时记录平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR),记录一过性低血压发生情况.比较治疗前后两组患者中心静脉压(CVP)、尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)、血白蛋白(ALB)、血钾(K)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)、心钠肽(BNP)水平.结果 持续低效缓慢血液透析与普通血液透析两种治疗低血压的发生率分别为20％和55％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);两组治疗前MAP和HR无显著差别,治疗后30 min两组MAP均显著下降,HR增快,治疗后1和2h观察组MAP值上升,HR下降,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).两组治疗前后ALB差异无统计学意义,两种方法治疗后Scr、BUN、K、β2-MG、BNP、CVP下降(P＜0.01),SLED治疗后BUN、β2-MG、CVP、BNP下降,与IHD比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 在血液动力学方面,持续缓慢低效血液透析对重症肾功能衰竭患者的影响比间断性血液透析小,而且心功能改善更明显,毒素清除率更高,临床效果更好.     

行为转变理论对高血压患者血压、血脂水平及生存质量的影响

目的:探讨行为转变理论对高血压患者血压水平及生存质量的影响.方法:78例原发性高血压患者均分为观察组和对照组,对照组患者给予常规降压药物治疗,观察组患者在对照组基础上进行行为转变理论教育,两组患者持续治疗1年,对比分析两组患者干预前后血压、血脂、体质指数及生存质量的差异.结果:两组患者治疗后收缩压、舒张压显著低于治疗前,而治疗后观察组患者收缩压、舒张压及体质指数下降幅度显著大于对照组,降压药物用量显著少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);观察组治疗后总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TrG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)显著低于治疗前,高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)水平则高于治疗前(P＜0.05),而对照组血脂水平与治疗前相比无差异(P＞0.05);治疗后观察组患者生理机能、躯体疼痛、总体健康、生理职能、社会功能、情感职能、精神健康、精力及SF-36总评分显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:对高血压患者在常规治疗同时进行行为转变理论教育能有效降低患者血压及血脂水平,改善患者生存状况,提高患者生存质量.     

老年2型糖尿病患者颈动脉粥样硬化与骨密度的相关性研究

目的 探讨老年2型糖尿病患者颈动脉粥样硬化与骨质疏松症的关系.方法 昆明医科大学第二附属医院住院2型糖尿病患者200例行颈部血管彩超,IMT＜1.0 mm为对照组,IMT≥1.0 mm为实验组.均用双能X线骨密度测量技术检测骨密度,分为骨量正常组与骨量变化组,分析各组生化指标及颈动脉粥样硬化斑块与骨密度的相关性.结果 实验组发生骨量变化的机率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);年龄、HOMA、TC、TG、LDL-C、UA、MAU、硬化斑块是骨量减低的独立危险因素,BMI是保护因素(P＜0.01).结论 老年2型糖尿病患者颈部血管病变与骨密度密切相关.     

Association of a single-nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter region of leukemia inhibitory factor receptor gene with low bone mineral density in adult women

Background:   Osteoporosis is believed to result from the interaction among multiple environmental and genetic determinants that regulate bone-mineral density (BMD).
Methods:   To investigate a potentially predisposing genetic factor in the onset of osteoporosis, we looked for a possible association between BMD in adult Japanese women and known polymorphisms in the leukemia inhibitory factor receptor gene (LIFR).
Results:   An association analysis of chromosomes from 384 volunteer subjects revealed significant correlation between the −603T > C variant of LIFR and radial BMD ( r  = 0.11, P  = 0.032) in this test population. Comparisons of mean values of adjusted radial BMD among separate genotypic groups implied an allelic dosage effect, because homozygous carriers of T alleles of that SNP had the highest adjusted BMDs (0.403 ± 0.054 g/cm²); women homozygous for the C-allele had the lowest (0.373 ± 0.042 g/cm²), and heterozygous individuals had intermediate scores (0.394 ± 0.056 g/cm²).
Conclusion:   This polymorphism in LIFR may be an important determinant of predisposition to postmenopausal osteoporosis.     

Association between alcohol consumption and both osteoporotic fracture and bone density

Objective

Alcoholism is a risk factor for osteoporotic fractures and low bone density, but the effects of moderate alcohol consumption on bone are unknown. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the associations between alcohol consumption and osteoporotic fractures, bone density and bone density loss over time, bone response to estrogen replacement, and bone remodeling.

Methods

MEDLINE, Current Contents, PsychINFO, and Cochrane Libraries were searched for studies published before May 14, 2007. We assessed quality using the internal validity criteria of the US Preventive Services Task Force.

Results

We pooled effect sizes for 2 specific outcomes (hip fracture and bone density) and synthesized data qualitatively for 4 outcomes (non-hip fracture, bone density loss over time, bone response to estrogen replacement, and bone remodeling). Compared with abstainers, persons consuming from more than 0.5 to 1.0 drinks per day had lower hip fracture risk (relative risk = 0.80 [95% confidence interval, 0.71-0.91]), and persons consuming more than 2 drinks per day had higher risk (relative risk = 1.39 [95% confidence interval, 1.08-1.79]). A linear relationship existed between femoral neck bone density and alcohol consumption. Because studies often combined moderate and heavier drinkers in a single category, we could not assess relative associations between alcohol consumption and bone density in moderate compared with heavy drinkers.

Conclusion

Compared with abstainers and heavier drinkers, persons who consume 0.5 to 1.0 drink per day have a lower risk of hip fracture. Although available evidence suggests a favorable effect of alcohol consumption on bone density, a precise range of beneficial alcohol consumption cannot be determined.     

Resultados de la ablación con catéter con mínimo o nulo empleo de fluoroscopia en pacientes pediátricos con taquiarritmias supraventriculares

Introduction and objectivesIonizing radiation exposure in catheter ablation procedures carries health risks, especially in pediatric patients. Our aim was to compare the safety and efficacy of catheter ablation guided by a nonfluoroscopic intracardiac navigation system (NFINS) with those of an exclusively fluoroscopy-guided approach in pediatric patients.MethodsWe analyzed catheter ablation results in pediatric patients with high-risk accessory pathways or supraventricular tachycardia referred to our center during a 6-year period. We compared fluoroscopy-guided procedures (group A) with NFINS guided procedures (group B).ResultsWe analyzed 120 catheter ablation procedures in 110 pediatric patients (11 ± 3.2 years, 70% male); there were 62 procedures in group A and 58 in group B. We found no significant differences between the 2 groups in procedure success (95% group A vs 93.5% group B; P = .53), complications (1.7% vs 1.6%; P = .23), or recurrences (7.3% vs 6.9%; P = .61). However, fluoroscopy time (median 1.1 minutes vs 12 minutes; P < .0005) and ablation time (median 96.5 seconds vs 133.5 seconds; P = .03) were lower in group B. The presence of structural heart disease was independently associated with recurrence (P = .03).ConclusionsThe use of NFINS to guide catheter ablation procedures in pediatric patients reduces radiation exposure time. Its widespread use in pediatric ablations could decrease the risk of ionizing radiation.     

垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活肽对内皮细胞表面低密度脂蛋白受体分布的影响

为研究垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活肽对内皮细胞表面低密度脂蛋白受体分布的影响，以胶体金－低密度脂蛋白为示踪物，结合透射电镜技术观察垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活肽作用于体外培养的内皮细胞后，其表面低密度脂蛋白受体分布变化情况，结果表明；垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活肽作用内皮细胞后，内皮细胞光镜及电镜下的形态与对照组无明显差异，但内皮细胞表面低密度脂蛋白受体分布发生了变化，胶体金－低密度脂蛋白颗粒单独出现率升高（Ｐ〈０．０５