Therapeutic effects of exon skipping and losartan on skeletal muscle of mdx mice

Various attempts have been made to find treatments for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients. Exon skipping is one of the promising technologies for DMD treatment by restoring dystropin protein, which is one of the muscle components. It is well known that losartan, an angiotensin II type1 receptor blocker, promotes muscle regeneration and differentiation by lowering the level of transforming growth factor–beta1 signaling. In this study, we illustrated the combined effects of exon skipping and losartan on skeletal muscle of mdx mice. We supplied mdx mice with losartan for 2 weeks before exon skipping treatment. The losartan with the exon skipping group showed less expression of myf5 than the losartan treated group. Also the losartan with exon skipping group recovered normal muscle architecture, in contrast to the losartan group which still showed many central nuclei. However, the exon skipping efficiency and the restoration of dystrophin protein were lower in the losartan with exon skipping group compared to the exon skipping group. We reveal that losartan promotes muscle regeneration and shortens the time taken to restore normal muscle structure when combined with exon skipping. However, combined treatment of exon skipping and losartan decreases the restoration of dystrophin protein meaning decrease of exon skipping efficiency.     

槟榔碱诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞表达α-SMA的实验研究

目的：检测氯沙坦干预下、槟榔碱诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVECs）表达α-SMA的情况。方法：用不同浓度槟榔碱刺激HUVECs,采用免疫细胞印迹法检测各组HUVECs中α-SMA的表达。再以固定槟榔碱浓度诱导HUVECs,不同浓度氯沙坦干预,检测各组HUVECs中α-SMA的表达。结果：槟榔碱可诱导HUVECs表达α-SMA,经氯沙坦干预后α-SMA的表达受到一定抑制。结论：HUVECs经槟榔碱刺激后可转化为表达α-SMA的肌成纤维细胞。血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂氯沙坦可部分抑制这种转化,提示血管紧张素Ⅱ及其受体参与了槟榔碱诱导的内皮-间充质转化。     

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: Comparison of arterial vs. venous activated clotting time

When arterial blood samples for activated clotting time (ACT) are difficult to obtain from the arterial sheath during coronary intervention, venous ACT serves as a substitute. Data are lacking on whether arterial and venous ACT are identical and whether one can serve as an effective substitute for the other. Forty-eight patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) were prospectively evaluated to answer this question. Simultaneous arterial and venous ACT samples were drawn from femoral artery and vein vascular sheaths before and during each procedure, and ACT values were determined with a Hemochron automated electronic timer. Porcine heparin dosing was guided by arterial ACT in the first 25 patients and by venous ACT in the last 23 patients. The target ACT value used for continued heparin dosing was 400 sec. At baseline and throughout the study up to 60 min, venous ACT was slightly and significantly greater than arterial ACT. Despite this statistical difference in ACT values, there was no difference in complication rate between the two groups, and the amount of heparin used during either guiding regimen was the same. Therefore, although venous ACT values are slightly higher than arterial, the more convenient venous ACT can be safely used to guide heparin dosing during PTCA when using a target ACT value of 400 sec. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

氯沙坦通过减少细胞凋亡减轻心肌肥大大鼠的骨骼肌萎缩

目的:探讨细胞凋亡在心肌肥大大鼠骨骼肌萎缩中的作用及氯沙坦对心肌肥大大鼠骨骼肌萎缩的影响. 方法:雄性SD大鼠42只随机分成3组(n=14):Ⅰ组(对照组),Ⅱ组(心肌肥大组),Ⅲ组(心肌肥大氯沙坦治疗组). Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组分别一次性腹腔注射野百合碱(30 mg/kg)以诱导心肌肥大. 2 wk后,Ⅲ组大鼠用氯沙坦[10 mg/(kg·d)]灌胃. 再过2 wk后全部处死动物,以腓肠肌(GAS)的质量和体质量比作为骨骼肌萎缩的指标. TUNEL法检测GAS细胞凋亡. 免疫组化和Western Blot法检测GAS Bcl-2,Bax的表达,并把Bax/Bcl-2值作为凋亡的程度. 结果:与Ⅰ组比,Ⅱ组的GAS细胞凋亡率明显增加[(147.6±32.6)‰ vs (4.1±1.8)‰, P<0.05],并且GAS出现了萎缩. 与Ⅱ组比,Ⅲ组的GAS细胞凋亡率明显减少[(46.2±12.3)‰ vs (147.6±32.6)‰, P<0.05],GAS萎缩减轻. Bcl-2的表达Ⅱ组比Ⅰ组明显减少(P<0.05),Bax的表达明显升高(P<0.05). 而Ⅲ组与Ⅱ组相比Bcl-2的表达明显升高(P<0.05),Bax的表达明显减少(P<0.05). Ⅱ组GAS的Bax/Bcl-2值明显升高,而Ⅲ组Bax/Bcl-2值明显下降. 结论:细胞凋亡在心肌肥大大鼠骨骼肌萎缩中发挥着重要的作用,可能是骨骼肌萎缩的原因之一,氯沙坦可能通过改变Bax/Bcl-2值减轻心肌肥大大鼠骨骼肌的凋亡和萎缩.     

氯沙坦保护ox-LDL诱导的内皮细胞损伤与ADMA的关系

目的：探讨氯沙坦对氧化型低密度脂蛋白（ox-LDL）诱导的内皮细胞损伤的保护作用及其与内源性一氧化氮合酶抑制物非对称性二甲基精氨酸（ADMA）的关系。方法：用ox-LDL（100mg／L）孵育人脐静脉内皮细胞株HUVEC12 24h或用10^-8～10^-6mmol／L的氯沙坦预孵育HUVEC12 30min后再与ox-LDL共孵育24h,测定培养液中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性、一氧化氮（NO）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、ADMA含量和细胞内二甲基精氨酸二甲胺水解酶（DDAH）活性。结果ox-LDL孵育HUVEC12细胞24h后细胞培养液中LDH活性、TNF-α和ADMA含量明显增加（P〈0．05）,同时NO含量下降和细胞DDAH酶活性受到抑制（P〈0．05）;氯沙坦（10^-8～10^-6mmoL／L）可显著减轻ox-LDL诱导的LDH活性、TNF-α和ADMA含量的增加以及NO含量的降低（P〈0．05）,并呈浓度依赖性的增加DDAH活性（P〈0.05）。结论：氯沙坦对ox-LDL诱导的血管内皮细胞损伤具有保护作用,该作用可能与增加DDAH活性,降低ADMA浓度有关。     

奥美沙坦酯氢氯噻嗪片治疗原发性高血压患者的临床有效性及安全性分析

目的 观察原发性高血压患者应用奥美沙坦酯氢氯噻嗪片治疗的效果及安全性.方法 80例原发性高血压患者,依据用药方案不同分为对照组和观察组,每组40例.对照组患者应用氯沙坦钾片进行治疗,观察组患者应用奥美沙坦酯氢氯噻嗪片进行治疗.对比两组患者的舒张压(DBP)、收缩压(SBP)、临床疗效、血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)...     

贝那普利联合氯沙坦对环孢素A致大鼠慢性肾毒性的防治作用

目的:探讨贝那普利和氯沙坦防治环孢素A(CsA)慢性肾毒性的疗效及作用机制.方法:50只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、贝那普利组、氯沙坦组、联合用药组,每组10只.低盐饲料饲养,以CsA 15 mg/(kg·d)皮下注射造模,贝那普利组、氯沙坦组、联合用药组分别以单用贝那普利、氯沙坦及两者联用灌胃治疗,对照组和模型组以同体积生理盐水灌胃.于第4周末处死动物,取肾脏作肾组织血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)含量测定,Masson染色检测肾脏纤维化,免疫组织化学方法检测生长转化因子-β1(TGF-β1)和胶原Ⅲ(ColⅢ)的表达情况.结果:与对照组相比,模型组的肾组织AngⅡ含量、间质纤维化程度、TGF-β1、ColⅢ明显升高;单药治疗组间质纤维化程度、TGF-β1、ColⅢ较模型组均有所下降,联合用药组低于单药治疗组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:贝那普利和氯沙坦可能是通过下调TGF-β1,抑制ColⅢ表达,从而延缓CsA大鼠肾间质纤维化进展.两者联合应用,疗效更显著.     

Bacteriologic,Etiologic, and Serologic Studies in Epilepsy and Schizophrenia II

The principles which should guide us in the management of breech presentation are more important to keep in mind than detailed manual maneuvers. These principles are here reviewed and discussed with reference to this recurrent obstetric problem.     

三点定位法和传统穿刺法在血液透析动静脉内瘘中的应用效果比较

目的比较三点定位法和传统穿刺法在血液透析患者动静脉内瘘中的应用效果其临床价值。方法将800例血液透析患者随机分为三点定位法穿刺(观察组)和传统穿刺法穿刺(对照组),每组各400例,所有穿刺均由资深护士执行,应用彩色多普勒分别观测穿刺前、穿刺60次后动静脉内瘘血管内膜壁的厚度,对比2组的穿刺失败率、动静脉内瘘动脉瘤发生状况、动静脉内瘘狭窄发生状况及患者满意度。结果 2组患者穿刺前后的动静脉内瘘血管内壁厚经比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者治疗后对动静脉内瘘血管内膜壁的厚度的影响程度显著低于对照组(P0.05);观察组患者穿刺60次的穿刺失败率、动静脉内瘘动脉瘤发生率、动静脉内瘘狭窄发生率显著低于对照组(P0.05);观察组患者满意度显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论三点定位穿刺法联合氯沙坦的应用在血液透析患者动静脉内瘘中的临床效果较好,可以有效延长穿刺血管的使用寿命,降低血透内瘘血管并发症的发生率。     

Double-Negative T Cell Levels Correlate with Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease Severity

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is a major complication, affecting 50% to 80% of long-term survivors of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Current cGVHD therapies are neither specific nor curative, and patients are typically maintained for several months to years under immunosuppressive regimens that are associated with important side effects and increased susceptibility to life-threatening infections. As a result, continued investigation into the pathology of the disease and the search for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to treat cGVHD remains a high priority. We report that the cellular dynamics of various immune cell subsets are related to cGVHD onset and severity in a cohort of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients. We document a decrease in the proportion of CD45RO⁺ CD4^?CD8^? (double-negative [DN]) T cells at the onset of cGVHD, a time at which serum levels of B cell activating factor and B cells are increased. We also find that DN T cell levels are correlated with cGVHD severity. Our present findings are in line with the view that activated DN T cells exhibit their immunoregulatory potential by eliminating B cells in vivo. Taken together, these findings suggest that maintaining elevated DN T cell numbers before the onset of cGVHD may prevent pathological B cell responses.