乙型肝炎治疗研究进展

乙性肝炎病毒感染所导致的慢性肝炎是我国的一个大问题,给患者及社会带来了很大负担。慢性乙型肝炎现行治疗主要依靠干扰素、核苷类似物等,其存在高耐药、低耐受以及不良反应等问题。新的、更为安全有效的治疗药物及方法亟待发展。最近,科学家们发现人体内的TRIM22分子对抑制乙肝病毒的复制起到重要作用,为乙肝的治疗及有效药物的研发开辟了新的道路。     

Two novel gastric cancer-associated genes identified by differential display

AIM To clone novel gastric cancer-associated genes and investigate their roles in gastric cancer occurrence.METHODS A method called differential display was used which allows the identification of differentially expressed genes by using PAGE to display PCR-amplified cDNA fragments between gastric cancer cells and normal gastric mucosa cells. These fragments were cloned into plasmid vector pUC18. Homology analysis was made after sequencing these fragments.RESULTS Two novel genes were identified compared with sequences from GenBank. One was registered with the AD number AF 051783. In situ hybridization showed that these two novel genes expressed specifically in gastric cancer tissues.CONCLUSION The two novel genes obtained by differential display were confirmed to be gastric cancer-associated genes using in situ hybridization.     

Surgical treatment for carcinoma of the papilla of vater

Eighty of 89 patients who underwent radical resection (resectability 89.9%) for carcinoma of the papilla of Vater between 1976 and 1992 were retrospectively reviewed. Seventy-three patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and 7 underwent pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD). The postoperative mortality rate was only 3.8% (3 patients). The 3- and 5-year survival rates were 63.6% and 57.4%, respectively. Important factors influencing long-term survival were Stage (clinical stage = Stage), microscopic lymph node metastasis (n), duodenal wall invasion (d), vascular invasion (v), and the epithelium of origin. Early carcinoma of the papilla of Vater is defined as tumor in which invasion is limited within the papilla of Vater; in particular, carcinomatous invasion is within the muscle of Oddi (d₀) with n₀. PD and/or PPPD with radical lymph node dissection should be performed for carcinoma of the papilla of Vater, as these procedures can be performed with low morbidity and mortality.     

鹿茸有效成分对小鼠肝脏RNA和蛋白质合成的影响

多次给小鼠po鹿茸多胺30mg/kg,对[³H]leucine和[³H]uridine掺入肝组织蛋白和RNA有明显的促进作用,而庸茸非多胺则无此作用;当腐胺剂量为21mg/kg时,不仅促进[³H]leucine和[³H]uridiae掺入肝组织蛋白和RNA,也促进[³H]uridine掺入肝细胞核的RNA中,并增强RNA聚合酶的活性;精脒在剂量为8mg/kg时,仅对[³H]leucine掺入肝组织蛋白有促进;而精胺在1mg/kg时,没有观察到上述各种现象。此结果提示,鹿茸多胺类物质是鹿茸中刺激小鼠肝组织蛋白和RNA合成的主要活性物质,这 种刺激小鼠肝组织蛋白和RNA合成效应是由于鹿茸多胺能够显著地增强RNA聚合酶的活性。     

苯DNA加合物研究进展(综述)

苯ＤＮＡ加合物研究进展（综述）李桂兰，常平综述徐伯洪审校（中国预防医学科学院劳动卫生与职业病研究所，北京１０００５０）我国职业接触苯的工人约有５０万，长期接触苯可引起白血病。苯与其它实质性肿瘤的问题也有报道［１，２］。世界癌症研究机构（ＩＡＲＣ）１９...     

胰RNA对离体瘤细胞的杀伤作用及其机制的探讨

在体外培养瘤细胞的实验中,胰RNA提取物对艾氏腹水瘤细胞及其他瘤细胞(S_(180),P_(88),H_(22))有杀伤作用。在胰RNA提取物中,对瘤细胞具有杀伤作用的活性物质不是性凝集素样多糖类物质或能透过半透膜的小分子化合物,而是具有二级结构的低分子RNA。     

Electron-autoradiographic investigation of viability of human cells after death. Postmortem activation of RNA synthesis in neutrophils

Department of Pathological Anatomy, A. V. Vishnevskii Institute of Surgery, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR D. S. Sarkisov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 111, No. 2, pp. 199–201, February, 1991.     

RNA干扰（RNAi）技术及其在功能基因组学研究中的应用

近年来的研究表明 ,一些小的双链RNA可以高效、特异的阻断体内某些基因致使mRNA降解 ,诱使细胞表现出特定基因缺失的表型 ,称为RNA干扰 (RNAinterference ,RNAi)。由于可以作为代替基因敲除的遗传工具 ,RNAi技术正在改变着功能基因组学 (functionalgenomics)领域的研究步伐。《科学》杂志和美国科学促进会将RNAi技术评选为2 0 0 2年十大重大科学成就之首。1　RNAi及其作用机制1.1　RNAi回顾首次发现双链RNA (doublestrandRNA ,dsR NA)能够导致基因沉默的现象来源于对线虫Caenorhabditiselegans的研究。1995年 ,康乃尔大学的…     

Why do long-distance runners not have more bone? A vital biomechanical explanation and an estrogen effect

Inanimate structures cannot detect and repair their fatigue damage or microdamage, so to minimize it they need more structural material and strength. Living bone handles this matter differently. Bone modeling drifts adapt bone architecture and strength to the loads on bones in ways that tend to keep strains from exceeding a “modeling threshold” range. Strains (or equivalent features) above that threshold switch mechanically controlled modeling ON. Where strains stay below that threshold, this modeling goes OFF. Repeatedly loading-deloading a bone causes microdamage in it, and basic multicellular unit (BMU)-based bone remodeling normally repairs it. Where strains stay below an operational “microdamage threshold,” remodeling can repair whatever microdamage happens for as long as it happens. Strains above that threshold can cause too much microdamage to repair completely and lead to fatigue fractures of trabeculae or whole bones. The modeling threshold normally lies comforably below the microdamage threshold. Since modeling normally adjusts bone architecture to keep strains from exceeding the modeling threshold, this keeps strains below the microdamage threshold, too, and voluntary activities do not cause more microdamage than remodeling can repair. Therefore, long-distance runners do not need more bone mass and strength than nonrunners of comparable age, sex, and body size.