B超引导下微波消融术在老年患者高危部位肝癌中的应用

目的 探讨B超引导下经皮肝穿刺微波消融治疗老年患者高危部位肝癌（指邻近胆囊、肝门部管道、下腔静脉以及位于脏面贴近腹内脏器的肝癌,且肿瘤距上述脏器或管腔最短距离≤1 cm）中的疗效和应用价值。方法 回顾分析2007年3月至2012年6月间我科收住的24例老年肝癌患者31个高危部位肝癌进行微波消融治疗的临床资料。术后观察肿瘤大小、AFP变化、肝功能及其他相关并发症。结果 PMCT治疗1个月后全组肿瘤直径及AFP值较前明显下降,治疗前肿瘤直径（4.25±1.02）cm,治疗后（2.82±0.63）cm（P＜0.05）,治疗前整体AFP值（457.3±27.4）μg/L,治疗后（176.7±17.8）μg/L（P＜0.01）,22例患者术后有不同程度的肝功能异常,对症治疗后好转。术后14例出现轻至中度发热,17例出现伤口或肝区疼痛,2～10 d后缓解。结论 B超引导下微波消融术在治疗老年患者高危部位的肝癌中疗效明显,定位精确,副作用小,对于无法切除肝癌的老年患者是一种积极有效的治疗手段,同时可避免手术的相关并发症。     

Genetic effects on infant handedness under spatial constraint conditions

Previous studies have reported a genetic influence on the individual differences in adult handedness; however, relatively little is known about genetic influences on the development of infant hand selection. In the current study, we examined whether genetic influences on handedness are expressed in various spatial locations in infants aged 18 months using the twin method. Infants were asked to respond to targets positioned in left, middle, and right locations using grasping movements. Results showed that similarities in hand selection within monozygotic twin pairs was more than two times higher than that of the dizygotic twin pairs in the middle location. In the left location, similarities in hand selection within monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs were low. In addition, low individual differences in hand selection in the right location were also observed. These results suggest a non‐additive genetic influence on handedness, and that spatial constraint is a crucial factor for the expression of genetic effects on handedness in infants. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 51: 605–615, 2009     

某城市交通区大气多环芳烃污染的时空分布特征

[目的]了解城市交通区不同地区和不同时间内颗粒物中多环芳烃的分布特征。[方法]对某城市某交通区不同地点颗粒物和多环芳烃的含量分别进行了监测，同时在1个地点进行了连续24h监测。[结果]不同地段颗粒物中多环芳烃的含量不同，总体趋势是：高架下大气中颗粒物多环芳烃的污染比高架上严重；城区比郊区污染严重；隧道内比隧道外污染严重。同时，同一地点颗粒物及其中多环芳烃连续24h的监测结果表明，在24h内，大气中颗粒物及其中的多环芳烃含量有规律的波动，在清晨、下午出现两个高峰。研究还发现在颗粒物和其中多环芳烃之间存在明显的相关性，相关系数为0．231，并得到了回归模型；对不同粒径的成分分析结果表明，PM2.5占PM10的30％～50％，是主要的多环芳烃携带颗粒物。[结论]交通因素以及周围环境因素是导致大气中颗粒物多环芳烃污染浓度改变的主要因素之一；PM2.5是主要的多环芳烃的携带者。     

全蝎不同部位抗凝活性的比较研究

目的 采用不同提取方法比较全蝎不同部位的抗凝活性.方法 用凝血酶时间(TT)为指标,测定全蝎不同部位水提醇沉和冻融法提取液的抗凝血活性.结果 水提醇沉法全蝎凝血酶时间长于冻融法,两种提取方法中,各部位的凝血时间比较是蝎尾>蝎全体>蝎身.结论 全蝎抗凝活性成分提取方法中水提醇沉优于冻融法,抗凝活性成分主要集中于蝎尾.     

深部单发脑脓肿的微创治疗

目的:探讨深部单发脑脓肿的立体定向手术方法。方法:应用立体定向技术对14例经规范联合抗生素治疗4周以上的深部单发脑脓肿做脓肿腔内置管抽吸引流术。结果:手术均获成功,术后24h脓肿腔闭合9例,3d脓肿腔闭合5例,神经缺损症状多在1个月内恢复。无手术并发症及死亡。随访:3~6个月脓肿无复发。结论:立体定向脓肿腔内置管引流术治疗深部单发脑脓肿是一种定位准确,微创安全,疗效满意的手术方法。     

'Opportunity structures': urban landscape,social capital and health promotion in Australia

This paper presents data from 40 in-depth interviews that were conducted as part of a study of social capital and health in relation to people's perceptions of the influence of 'place' on their participation levels and health. These data were used to examine features of the western suburbs of Adelaide that were perceived as health damaging and health promoting. The paper demonstrates that our Australian suburban respondents expressed a considerable concern about these features and the impact they have on their perception of community and their ability to participate in it. Safety, connectedness to the area, the reputation of an area and the extent and nature of community facilities are all seen as important to a healthy community. The research found that in the more deprived socioeconomic areas within the study area, there was a significant degree of dissatisfaction with features of the urban environment, such as availability of amenities, provision of public transport, and proximity of industry to private dwellings. The paper concludes by considering certain features of urban environments that might make them more supportive of health through encouraging contact between people. We conclude that these environments could be improved using the following measures: a subsidy scheme to support the viability of local shops and cafés (thereby providing meeting places and employment); parks with facilitators (who could play a role in increasing safety in the park but also encouraging community development); attractive places to walk; and a general environmental improvement program.     

Triadic bed-sharing and infant temperature

The effects on infants of sleeping with their parents is currently the subject of much debate. One concern regarding infants who sleep in their parents' bed involves the possibility of overheating. Previous research reported a significantly greater core temperature of 0.1 degrees C among a cohort of bed-sharing infants compared with a matched cohort of infants sleeping alone. This paper presents a preliminary analysis of the overnight rectal temperature of 12 of the 20 infants who were monitored sleeping alone and with their parents on separate nights at the University of Durham Parent-Infant Sleep Lab. No significant differences were found in all night rectal temperature, or temperature from 2 h after sleep onset between bed-sharing and cot sleeping nights. These preliminary analyses suggest a night-time difference in rectal temperature between routine bed-sharers and routine cot sleepers, however, these findings will be further explored in the full analyses for this study.     

Surgical Outcome and Prognostic Factors of Spinal Intramedullary Ependymomas in Adults

The goal of treatment for spinal ependymoma is complete removal with minimal postoperative neurological deficit. The authors correlated the results of surgical management for spinal cord ependymoma with the rate of postoperative disease progression and the prognostic factors. Thirty-one cases of spinal ependymomas, surgically treated between 1979 and 1998, were retrospectively analyzed. The authors reviewed clinical features, radiological characteristics and operative findings for the surgical outcome analysis. Thirty-five percent of patients with preoperative Nuricks grade better than grade 4 showed improvement in functional status, whereas no improvement was observed in patients with preoperatively poorer functional status (P=0.05). The proportion of complete surgical removals was influenced by tumor location (40% in cases around the conus versus 97% in other regions, P=0.003) and histology (42% in the myxopapillary subtype versus 97% in the non-myxopapillary subtype, P=0.001). Disease progression was observed in six cases, the mean progression free interval after surgical removal was 83 months and the 5-year progression free rate was 70%. Disease progression was found in two out of 23 cases from the complete removal group and in four out of eight cases from the incomplete removal group (P=0.008). In the aspect of disease progression, the only statistically significant factor by multivariate analysis was the surgical extent of removal (P=0.010). Of those patients where there was incomplete removal, radiation therapy lead to improved clinical results, which were not statistically significant (P=0.27). In the surgical treatment of spinal cord ependymoma, preoperative functional status and the extent of removal were the significant prognostic factors influencing postoperative outcome. Early diagnosis is vital and complete removal of the tumor should be attempted in all surgical treatment of spinal ependymoma.