子宫动脉开口摄影角度分析

目的 探讨子宫动脉开口在DSA图像上的“最易显示角度区间”.方法 对12例患者子宫动脉开口部CTA三维容积重建(VR)、最大密度投影(MIP)成像进行标准正位和旋转观察,在正位分析出子宫动脉开口与其附着动脉的内外关系,在左右斜位获得能清晰显示子宫动脉开口的小角度区间.对27例患者子宫动脉开口部用同样方法于DSA造影过程中验证这个区间的准确性.结果 41支子宫动脉开口位于附着动脉外侧,向对侧倾斜10°～40°可显示清晰;13支开口位于附着动脉内侧,向同侧倾斜30°～50°显示清晰;24支开口位于附着动脉前方,大角度倾斜40°～60°显示清晰.结论 “最易显示角度区间”能很轻易、清晰显示子宫动脉开口.     

踝间线足背动脉在全膝关节置换术髓外定位中的临床应用

目的探讨踝关节力学中心体表标志点,为全膝关节置换术(TKA)下肢力线的准确定位提供依据。方法对64例膝骨关节炎(OA)终末期患者实施初次TKA治疗,股骨侧采用髓内定位,胫骨侧采用髓外定位,实验组(34例)踝关节力学中心位于踝间线足背动脉处,对照组(30例)定位则按传统方法进行。术后测量患者胫骨假体胫骨角及后倾角。结果患者均获得随访,时间4~6年。胫骨假体胫骨角平均度数:实验组为(2.1±0.2)°,对照组为(2.6±0.1)°,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);胫骨假体后倾角:实验组为(3.1±0.2)°,对照组为(3.3±0.1)°,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。实验组胫骨假体力线优于对照组。结论踝间线足背动脉定位可靠,其标示简单易行,能提高胫骨假体力线的精确度,不失为TKA术中踝关节力学中心定位的理想参考。     

范永升教授“利湿清热法”治疗白塞综合征经验拾零

[目的] 总结全国名中医范永升教授治疗白塞综合征的临床经验。[方法] 通过跟师临证、整理医案及相关文献等,总结范永升教授治疗白塞综合征的主要思想和处方用药,并举临床验案两则加以佐证。[结果] 范永升教授认为白塞综合征的基本病机为湿热内壅,治疗时应以利湿清热为大法,并需进一步分清湿热所在的位置。根据湿热所犯部位不同,可分为脾胃湿热上犯、肝胆湿热化火及下焦湿热流连三种类型,灵活应用甘草泻心汤、龙胆泻肝汤、四妙丸等方药,疗效显著。两则医案患者均表现出湿热内壅的症状,分别属于脾胃湿热上犯证、肝胆湿热化火证,以甘草泻心汤及龙胆泻肝汤为主方治疗,均取得较满意的疗效。[结论] 范永升教授把握白塞综合征湿热内壅的基本病机,灵活选用利湿清热方药,分病位治之,疗效显著,其经验可供参考借鉴。     

肠造口的规范化实施及造口旁疝的预防策略

肠造口在肠道良恶性疾病治疗和创伤救治中发挥重要作用,其规范化实施是减少造口并发症、提高造口病人生活质量的关键。外科医师首先要建立肠造口是肠道与皮肤吻合口的概念,术前应由外科医师、造口治疗师、病人及家属共同选择造口部位。应采取个体化危险因素评估以决定是否行预防性造口。规范化操作包括：合理选择造口部位、腹部切口大小、腹壁通道宽度以及造口外置高度,良好缝合造口肠管与腹壁各层组织等。造口旁疝是最常见的造口远期并发症。女性、肥胖、糖尿病等是造口旁疝常见的危险因素,多项研究结果表明,腹膜外造口和预防性补片置入能降低造口旁疝发生率。     

数据库研究第五部分:结直肠癌的肿瘤特征

目的分析目前版本的华西肠癌数据库(Database from Colorectal Cancer,DACCA)中有关结直肠癌数据所具有的肿瘤特征。方法本次数据分析选取的DACCA版本为2019年9月26日更新版,其中数据项目包括:手术日期、癌前病变、癌家族史、肿瘤部位、缘距、肿瘤形态、大小、方位、发生、分化、肿瘤病理、Ki-67指数及并发症(梗阻、套叠、穿孔、疼痛、水肿和出血),分别对各选取的数据项目作特征分析。结果按照条件筛选DACCA数据库获得11 898条可分析数据行。11 898条数据中,癌前病变有效数据为1 275条,提示结直肠癌患者有癌前病变的数据为541条(42.4%),没有癌前病变的数据734条(57.6%)。癌家族史有效数据为1 116条,有癌家族史的数据为761条(6.4%)。Ki-67指数有效数据共计1 893条,为0~95%、(59.0±20.1)%。根据"肿瘤发生"的类型划分后,原发性的结直肠癌占绝大多数(92.8%),转移性的结直肠癌最少(0.3%)。按原发性和多原发分别对肿瘤部位、缘距、肿瘤形态、大小、方位、分化和肿瘤病理进行分析,结果显示,肿瘤部位大多都在直肠(76.9%和41.9%),形态中最常见的都为溃疡型(42.4%和51.5%),肿瘤方位为一圈者居多(44.6%和35.0%),分化程度多为中分化(65.4%和61.3%),肿瘤病理大多都为腺癌(77.8%和64.0%)。结论通过DACCA数据库对结直肠癌的肿瘤特征进行更精确细致的分析,有利于在临床工作中确定诊疗计划、判断预后等。     

El problema de la estadificación axilar en el cáncer de mama tras quimioterapia neoadyuvante. Papel de la disección axilar dirigida y tipos de marcadores ganglionares

Targeted axillary dissection (TAD) consists of a new axillary staging technique that combines sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and clipped lymph node biopsy (CLNB) in the same surgery, in order to re-stage patients with breast cancer and positive axillary lymph nodes undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAQT). Prior to the NAQT, the affected lymph node is punctured and a solid marker is left inside echo-guided, in order to biopsy it in the subsequent surgery. There are numerous types of markers: metallic (steel, titanium or polyglycolic acid clips), radioiodine or ferromagnetic seeds, which differ in the method of location (wire, gamma-detection or magnetic probe). The aim of this study is to perform a systematic review about the current status of the TAD, as well as to explain the different techniques and types of axillary marking, based on the current available evidence.     

沼泽红假单胞菌生物转化丹参醇提物转化酶初步定域

目的比较丹参醇提物经沼泽红假单胞菌以及其各细胞部位转化后化学成分的变化,对其转化酶在细胞部位水平上进行初步定域。方法利用沼泽红假单胞菌各细胞部位分别对丹参醇提物进行生物转化,高效液相色谱法(HPLC)分析转化前后主要化学成分的变化,用主成分分析法(PCA)对转化后变化程度进行评估。结果经不同细胞部位转化后,丹参醇提物的化学成分均发生变化。与对照比较,经细胞质、细胞膜化转后化学成分改变最大,表明细胞质、细胞膜含转化酶更多。结论沼泽红假单胞菌对丹参醇提物转化酶主要分布于细胞质、细胞膜上。     

基于YCbCr颜色空间相邻帧差建模的眼睛定位算法研究

目的：研究一种基于YCbCr相邻帧差法检测头部运动及眼睛位移、定位眼睛位置的算法,使之能在基于眼睛状态的疲劳驾驶监测中真正发挥作用。方法：利用YCbCr颜色空间改进相邻帧差法,并依据相邻帧差法对运动物体检测的原理,建立眼睛位移检测的模型。运用该模型检测出后一帧相对于前一帧的眼睛位移量,参照前一帧眼睛所在的矩形区域,框选出后一帧图像中眼睛的候选区域,再利用形态学方法处理,最终得到后一帧图像眼睛的精确矩形区域。结果：本算法的眼睛定位处理速度为14帧/s,较传统眼睛定位算法的9帧/s提升了55%,能确保实时检测到人眨眼瞬间（0.2～0.4 s）的时间间隙,且正确率与传统眼睛定位算法相当。结论：本研究的眼睛定位算法大幅提高了眼睛检测算法的速度,能确保实时检测到人眨眼瞬间（0.20.4 s）的时间间隙,提高疲劳监测指标PERCLOS的检测准确性。     

Effects of a WLAN-based real time location system on outpatient contentment in a Level I trauma center

BackgroundPre-existing wireless local area network (WLAN) infrastructures enable the implementation of a real-time location system (RTLS) in the clinical setting. RTLS enable clinics to capture and process patient position data and link it with clinical data. The improvements in workflow and treatment brought about by RTLS may improve patient satisfaction. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of a WLAN-based RTLS on outpatient satisfaction in our Level I trauma center.MethodsThis investigation was performed under different study arms (termed “phase”): In phase 0, patient satisfaction was determined (with a questionnaire) without RTLS implementation. In phase I, patient tracking with RTLS was performed, and satisfaction was determined (with a questionnaire); however, medical personnel did not utilize information gathered by RTLS. In phase II, patients were tracked by RTLS and satisfaction was determined (with a questionnaire); however, unlike phase I, the RTLS-acquired data was utilized by medical personnel. Information obtained from the questionnaire included: treatment rendered, subjective estimation of length of visit, subjective estimation of the most time-consuming portions of the clinic visit, subjective estimation of time of medical treatment, overall contentment, and contentment with wait time. In phase I and phase II, position data was automatically collected and analyzed. Statistical analyses were performed using Student's t-test and one-way Anova test. Significance level was set at 0.05.Results and discussionIn total, 1234 patients were included in our study (188 in phase 0, 540 in phase I, and 506 in phase II). Completed questionnaires were collected in 53% (654) of the patients. Statistically significant higher patient contentment and lower subjective wait times were noted in phase II patients as compared to phase I patients. However, no statistical differences in the questionnaire findings were noted between phase 0 and I patients.ConclusionsWLAN-based RTLS can help alleviate process inefficiencies associated with traditional clinic workflow methods, which can lead to improved patient satisfaction.     

眶上神经、血管主干的坐标定位

目的:为临床上手术去除眉间皱纹时防止眶上神经、血管的损伤提供解剖学依据.方法:逐层解剖防腐固定的尸体头部标本,建立相关坐标体系,得出眶上神经内侧支、眶上神经外侧支、眶上动脉主干的体表定位坐标参数,制作出走行范围轨迹.结果:以经过两侧眉弓最高点的水平线为X轴,以经过前正中线的垂直线为Y轴,建立坐标体系,得出在额部左侧面(坐标轴右侧)由(25.14±1.24,10) mm、(25.14±1.24,-10)mm、(28.16±1.23,10) mm、(28.16±1.23,-10)mm4点连线所围成的矩形区域以及在额部右侧面(坐标轴左侧)由(-24.31±2.67,10)mm、(-24.31±2.67,-7.5)mm、(-26.98±1.27,10)mm、(-26.98±1.27,-7.5)mm4点连线所围成的矩形区域为最容易损伤眶上神经、眶上动脉主干的“危险区”.结论:在额眉部有易损伤眶上神经、血管的危险区,临床上在进行额眉部手术时,应尽量保护此区域,尽量减小对眶上神经、眶上动脉的损伤.