Efficacy of bevacizumab therapy in recurrent malignant gliomas in relation to the prior recurrence pattern or tumor location

Although promising preliminary results have been widely observed with bevacizumab for recurrent malignant gliomas, many unanswered questions remain to be resolved to achieve an optimal outcome. No predictive biomarkers of a survival benefit from bevacizumab have been established, and no consensus exists about the response or survival benefit regarding the prior recurrence pattern or tumor location. Here we retrospectively analyzed the clinical benefit from bevacizumab for recurrent malignant gliomas in relation to the prior recurrence pattern or tumor location. Thirty-one consecutive patients with recurrent malignant gliomas who were treated with bevacizumab were investigated. The treatment response and survival benefit from bevacizumab were analyzed in association with age, sex, Karnofsky performance status, prior pathological diagnosis, prior recurrence pattern, primary location of tumor, recurrence status, and expression of angiogenic and hypoxic markers. The group with leptomeningeal dissemination had a significantly shorter median overall survival with bevacizumab (OS_Bev) (6.0 months, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4–10.7) compared to those in the local/distant group (11.8 months, 95% CI 6.1–17.4). The median OS_Bev of the infratentorial tumor group and supratentorial tumor group were 9.2 months (95% CI 5.0–13.4) and 10.4 months (95% CI 6.6–14.3), respectively. With multivariate analysis, the prior recurrence pattern was the only independent prognostic factor of OS_Bev. Patients with leptomeningeal dissemination of recurrent malignant glioma experienced minimal benefit from bevacizumab. Therefore, in the context of cost effectiveness, bevacizumab is not recommended for patients with leptomeningeal dissemination.     

IDH1 mutation may not be prognostically favorable in glioblastoma when controlled for tumor location: A case-control study

Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation is a known prognostic factor in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). It has been well documented that patients with IDH1 mutant (IDH1-mu) GBM have a better outcome compared to patients with IDH1 wild-type (IDH1-WT) GBM. IDH1-mu tumors have been shown to be more commonly located in the frontal lobe, and less likely to be in multiple lobes. It is unclear whether differential location is part of the prognostically favorable profile of these tumors. We performed a case-control study, matching IDH1-mu GBMs to IDH1-WT GBMs that are controlled for age, sex and tumor location. There were 21 IDH1-mu tumors and 21 matched IDH1-WT tumors. Age, sex and tumor location were matched between the two groups. After controlling for the factors described, the IDH1-mu tumors were more likely to be secondary GBM (61.9% secondary vs. 14.3%, p = 0.004). There was an insignificant trend towards smaller tumor volume in the IDH1-mu group (28.13 ± 6.56 vs. 41.8 ± 7.33 cm³, p = 0.173). Extent of surgical resection was similar in both groups (mean 84.49% vs. 89.89%, p = 0.419). There was no survival advantage for IDH1-mu tumors when controlled for location: 25.2 months overall survival for IDH1-mu patients and 23.6 for IDH1-WT patients, p = 0.794. IDH1 mutation may provide part of its prognostic significance by differential localization of tumor, both making IDH1-mu tumors more amenable to gross total resection and placing these tumors in less eloquent areas, thereby lowering neurological morbidity.     

虹膜定位引导的SBK和超薄瓣LASIK治疗超高度近视的疗效

目的：比较分析虹膜定位引导的前弹力层下准分子激光角膜磨镶术(SBK)和虹膜定位引导的超薄瓣准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(LASIK)治疗超高度近视的疗效。

方法：超高度近视患者行虹膜定位引导的SBK治疗的患者32例64眼,行虹膜定位引导的超薄瓣LASIK治疗的患者42例84眼,年龄22～35岁,术前等效球镜屈光度-9.00～-11.00D,随访6mo观察两术式的治疗效果。观察指标包括裸眼视力(UCVA)、屈光状态、裂隙灯检查、残余角膜基质床厚度、角膜地形图、角膜厚度、角膜瓣厚度并发症。

结果：术后随访6mo,UCVA≥1.0者SBK组为93.8%,超薄瓣LASIK组为92.9%,两术式相比较差异无统计学意义; 残余屈光度在±0.50D以内者SBK组为89.1%,超薄瓣LASIK组为84.5%,两术式相比较差异无统计学意义; SBK组角膜后表面Diff值为0.046±0.012μm,超薄瓣LASIK组为0.056±0.015μm,两术式相比较差异无统计学意义; 术后SBK组角膜中央残余基质厚度为328.6±14.7μm,超薄瓣LASIK组为301.2±21.6μm,两组相比较差异有显著性(t=3.127,P=0.001); SBK组、超薄瓣LASIK组患者泪膜破裂时间(BUT)分别为11.38±4.02s和17.81±4.89s,两组相比较差异无统计学意义。术后两组患者均无严重并发症。

结论：虹膜定位引导的SBK和超薄瓣LASIK治疗超高度近视具有良好的效果,与LASIK相比SBK制作角膜瓣的预测性更好,可以降低医源性圆锥角膜发生的概率; 术后干眼症状轻、恢复更快,对于超高度近视患者来说是一种经济有效的手术治疗方式。     

现代畜牧产业经济联合体集聚效度分析

农牧民增收一直是"三农"问题的核心内容之一,如何提升农牧民收入也是党和国家非常关心的重点问题。本文基于新疆伊吾县"现代畜牧产业经济联合体(以下全文简称现代畜牧联合体)"的调查发现,该组织形式和经营模式在提升农牧民一次收入的同时,可以二次增加农牧民收入,有利于降低产品交易费用、产生规模效益、稳固范围经济效能、减少对农牧民生产积极性的挫伤,同时有利于形成品牌、便于产品质量安全追溯体系的构建,实现经济效益、社会效益和生态效益的综合协调发展。     

低位直肠癌腹腔镜下根治保肛术中改良襻式单一切口末端回肠造口定位的研究

目的观察直肠癌根治术单一切口预防性回肠造口术术前定位对患者术后造口并发症及护理的影响。方法对78例直肠癌根治术单一切口预防性回肠造口术患者进行术前于麦氏点上方2~3 cm,向内侧成15~20°角定位。结果本组发生造口旁疝1例,造口周围皮肤炎3例,造口感染4例,80%以上患者无不适或有轻度不适。结论造瘘口术前正确定位便于护理,可减少造口并发症的发生。     

Genotype–Phenotype Correlations by Ethnicity and Mutation Location in BRCA Mutation Carriers

The genotype–phenotype correlations of the specific BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in multi‐ethnic populations in USA have not yet been fully investigated. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of ethnicity at specific mutation locations and breast/ovarian cancer phenotypes. Our cohort included 445 women with different ethnic backgrounds who underwent BRCA genetic testing between 1997 and 2010. Known clinical and pathologic characteristics were compared with Chi‐Square Analysis or Fisher's Exact test as appropriate. The three most common mutation locations in BRCA1 (exons 2, 11, and 20) and BRCA2 (exons 10, 11, and 25) genes were chosen. Prevalence of BRCA1 exon 2 mutations were significantly higher in Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) women compared to Caucasians (41% versus 15%; p = 0.001). Similarly, AJ women with breast cancer were more likely to have BRCA1 exon 2 mutation (47% positivity in AJ women versus 0–12.5% positivity in other ethnicities; p = 0.004). Women carrying the exon 20 BRCA1 mutation had the highest probability of having combined breast and ovarian cancers compared to women carrying other exon mutations (p = 0.05). The median age at initial cancer diagnosis, phenotypic features of breast cancer tumors, and overall survival did not vary significantly by ethnicity or mutation location. Our data suggest that ethnicity does not affect age of onset, overall survival or confer different risks of breast and ovarian cancer development in BRCA carriers. These results also suggest that women carrying the exon 20 BRCA1 mutation may warrant mutation‐specific counseling and be more aggressively managed for risk reduction.