Using aggregated mobile phone location data to compare the realised foodscapes of different socio-economic groups.

The foodscape (the built food environment) is considered one of the driving factors of the higher burden of obesity and chronic disease observed in low socio-economic status (SES) groups. Traditional data collection methods struggle to accurately capture actual access and exposure to the foodscape (realised foodscape). We assess the use of anonymised mobile phone location data (location data) in foodscape studies by applying them to a case study in Perth, Western Australia to test the hypothesis that lower SES groups have poorer realised foodscapes than high SES groups. Kernel density estimation was used to calculate realised foodscapes of different SES groups and home foodscape typologies, which were compared to home foodscapes of the different groups. The location data enabled us to measure realised foodscapes of multiple groups over an extended period and at the city scale. Low SES groups had poor availability of food outlets, including unhealthy outlets, in their home and realised foodscapes and may be more susceptible to a poor home foodscape because of low mobility.     

Who receives influenza vaccinations at the Pharmacy? An analysis of the Texas Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System

IntroductionVaccination helps to prevent influenza infection and reduce associated costs but the influenza vaccination rate in Texas for adults between the ages of 18 to 64 years old is the lowest in the US. Pharmacies and alternative locations have been shown to help increase vaccination rates but many adults still go unvaccinated.ObjectiveThis research aims to determine the factors associated with obtaining influenza vaccination at the pharmacy compared to non-pharmacy locations in Texas.MethodThis study used pooled Texas Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System datasets (2014 to 2018) for this assessment. The main outcome variable was categorized into pharmacy and non-pharmacy vaccination locations and analyzed using a logistic regression analysis. Further statistical analysis was done using a multinomial logistic regression after re-categorizing the outcome variable into pharmacy, doctor office, and other locations.ResultBlacks were 63% (AOR 0.37, C.I. 0.26, 0.50) and Hispanics were 38% (AOR 0.62, C.I. 0.48, 0.80) less likely to receive influenza vaccinations at the pharmacy respectively when compared to Whites. Furthermore, those who did not live in a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) were 33% (AOR 0.67, C.I 0.53, 0.84) less likely to receive influenza vaccinations at the pharmacy compared to those who lived in an MSA. While there was no observed difference in the likelihood of receiving influenza vaccination, the unemployed population were 40% (AOR 1.40, C.I 1.15, 1.71) more likely to be vaccinated in the pharmacy compared to the employed population.ConclusionThere is potential for increased utilization of pharmacies as a source of influenza vaccination in Texas. Racial differences exist both for receiving influenza vaccinations and being vaccinated in the pharmacy. Influenza vaccination advocacy and education efforts may be necessary to improve pharmacy-based vaccination in Texas, especially for minorities and rural-dwelling Texans.     

Determination of microviscosity and location of 1,3-Di(1-pyrenyl)propane in brain membranes

We determined the microviscosity of synaptosomal plasma membrane vesicles (SPMV) isolated from bovine cerebral cortex and liposomes of total lipids (SPMTL) and phospholipids (SPMPL) extracted from SPMV. Changes in the microviscosity induced by the range and rate of lateral diffusion were measured by the intramolecular excimerization of 1,3-di(1-pyrenyl)-propane (Py-3-Py). The microviscosity values of the direct probe environment in SPMV, SPMTL and SPMPL were 38.17, 31.11 and 27.64 cP, respectively, at 37°C and the activation energies (E_a) of the excimer formation of Py-3-Py in SPMV, SPMTL and SPMPL were 8.236, 7.448 amd 7.025 kcal/mol, respectively. Probe location was measured by polarity and polarizability parameters of the probe Py-3-Py and probe analogues, pyrene, 1-pyrenenonanol and 1-pyrenemethyl-3β-hydroxy-22,23-bisnor-5-cholenate (PMC), incorporated into membranes or solubilized in reference solvents. There existed a good linear relationship between the first absorption peak of the¹L_a band and the polarizability parameter (n ²−1)/(2n ²+1). The calculated refractive index values for SPMV, SPMTL and SPMPL were close to 1.50, which is higher than that of liquid paraffin (n=1.475). The probe location was also determined by using a polarity parameter (f−1/2f¹). Here f=(ε−1)/(2ε+1) is the dielectric constant function and f'=(n ²−1)/(2n ²+1) is the refractive index function. A correlation existed between the monomer fluorescence intensity ratio and the solvent polarity parameter. The probes incorporated in SPMV, SPMTL, and SPMPL report a polarity value close to that of 1-hexanol (ε=13.29). In conclusion, Py-3-Py is located completely inside the membrane, not in the very hydrophobic core, but displaced toward the polar head groups of phospholipid molecules, e.g., central methylene region of aliphatic chains of phospholipid molecules.     

体内微型装置磁定位系统的计算机接口设计

在微型诊疗装置的应用中,微型装置的体内空间定位非常重要,而定位数据的采集是其中的关键环节.根据体内微型装置磁定位实验研究系统数据采集的特点,设计出一种基于单片机和串口通信的计算机接口用于定位数据的收集、传输等.实验表明,该接口电路能满足实时采集数据的需要,数据传输可靠,在计算机中可以进行现场采集数据的实时保存及其他后处理,能满足实验系统的要求.     

球花石斛茎中香豆素类成分的定位与相对定量

目的探讨不同生长年限、不同部位球花石斛 (Dendrobium thyrsiflorum Rchb. f.)茎中香豆素类(coumarins)成分的分布与相对含量变化，为合理评价及利用药用石斛提供科学依据。方法利用激光共聚焦显微技术(laser scanning confocal microscopy, LSCM)观察二月份采收的球花石斛1-3龄茎的基部、中部和顶部的香豆素类成分。所记录数据经正态性、方差齐性检验后进行方差分析(ANOVA)，并使用Tukey′s检验作多重比较。结果 香豆素类成分主要分布在球花石斛茎的维管束部位并以维管束外侧纤维的壁较多。统计分析显示香豆素类成分的含量在不同年龄茎的各个部位之间差异极显著或显著，显著值分别为：基部P=0.004(<0.01)；中部P=0.009(<0.01)；顶部P=0.036(<0.05)。结论若以利用香豆素类成分为目的，建议二月采收时，宜选择2龄茎。     

首诊于眼科的成人非创伤性霍纳综合征临床特点及病因分析

目的 分析首诊于眼科的成人非外伤性、非医源性霍纳综合征(Horner syndrome,HS)的临床特点及病因.设计回顾性病例系列.研究对象2018年1月至2020年6月首诊于眼科的HS患者7例.方法 回顾患者的临床及影像学资料,分析其临床表现特点,病变位置及病因.主要指标起病形式、HS三主征、其他临床表现及影像学检查...     

Coronary artery lesion distribution in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

PurposeTo determine the location of coronary atherosclerosis distribution observed in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted using the database of cardiovascular medicine data from Saitama Sekishinkai Hospital to clarify the association between renal function and angiographic characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis. In total, 3268 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention were included. Propensity score matching revised the total to 1772. The association of renal function with the location and/or distribution of coronary atherosclerosis lesions was then examined.ResultsOverall, coronary lesion was observed in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in 56% patients, whereas 28% and 22% were in the right coronary artery (RCA) and left circumflex coronary artery (LCX), respectively. LAD was most affected and observed in 57% patients with stage 1 CKD. RCA was second-most affected, at 26% CKD stage 1, but it increased to 31%, 38%, and 59% in CKD 3, 4, and 5, respectively. In CKD 5 patients, the RCA was the most affected artery (59%), with 41% LAD lesions. Logistic regression analysis after propensity score matching showed that the odds ratios for an RCA lesion was 3.658 in CKD 5 (p = .025) compared with CKD 1 after adjusting for traditional risk factors.ConclusionThe prevalence of RCA lesions, but not LAD or LCX lesions, increased with increasing CKD stage. The pathophysiology of coronary atherosclerosis may differ by lesion location. Deterioration of renal function may affect progression of atherosclerosis more in the RCA than in the LAD or LCX.     

《神农本草经》药物产地研究

分析《本草经》药物产地分布的区域特征后指出 :以出产药物数量计 ,汉代十三部政区中之益州 ,郡国中之泰山都是当时大宗药物产地 ;从药物产地分布来看 ,药物出产分别以东都雒阳、西京长安为中心 ,向外辐射 ,而东部产药多于西部 ;推测位于雒阳与长安中心点的弘农郡 ,可能是东汉时期重要的药材贸易场所 :《本草经》关于药物产地的记载 ,反映了此书对药物道地性的重视 ,同时也在一定程度上揭示了秦汉以来药物道地产区的变化。     

YAP在骨肉瘤细胞中的表达及定位

目的:研究YAP在骨肉瘤细胞中的表达情况和定位。方法:使用SOSP9607、MG63、U2-OS骨肉瘤细胞系和hFOB1.19成骨细胞系,进行qRT-PCR、Western blot实验和荧光共聚焦显微镜观察YAP的表达情况和所在的具体细胞位置。结果:YAP在骨肉瘤细胞中表达量非常高,高于正常的成骨细胞hFOB1.19。YAP在骨肉瘤细胞系中主要表达于细胞核内,而在成骨细胞系中主要表达于细胞质。结论:YAP在骨肉瘤细胞中高表达,在成骨细胞中低表达。在肿瘤细胞中主要位于细胞核内,而在成骨细胞系中主要表达于胞质内。可以推断YAP进入细胞核内,结合下游靶基因,促进肿瘤细胞的生长,参与骨肉瘤细胞的发生。这一发现可以为治疗骨肉瘤提供新的靶点。