Is local anaesthesia actually beneficial in flexible fibreoptic nasendoscopy?

Although the application of a topical local anaesthetic before fibreoptic nasendoscopy is routine practice in many otolaryngological outpatients, the actual benefit to the patient of this procedure remains in doubt. Eighty-two patients were recruited in this double-blind randomized control trial which compared the patients’ experiences of fibreoptic nasendoscopy with nasal preparations of Xylocaine^® (lidocaine), normal saline, and no spray to the nose and throat. A visual analogue scoring system was used to determine scores for the overall unpleasantness of procedure, receiving a spray, and taste of the spray, and pain. This study has shown significantly worse overall experience (P = 0.001) and pain (P = 0.048) scores for Xylocaine^® spray versus no spray. It is concluded that the routine use of topical local anaesthetics within the nose before routine fibreoptic nasendoscopy is not only of no value, but actually makes the experience worse for the patient.     

原发性气管肿瘤的外科治疗

 自1991年6月至1996年11月, 我们对原发性气管肿瘤23例进行手术治疗, 其中良性肿瘤2例, 恶性肿瘤21例, 施行气管节段切除11例, 侧壁切除6例, 气管腔内肿瘤刮除加电灼术6例。 术后无发生气管瘘、无手术死亡。 术后1、3、5年生存率分别是86％、53％和21％。 作者认为应根据气管肿瘤的病理性质, 病变范围和外侵程度, 酌情使用气管节段切除、侧壁切除和肿瘤刮除加电灼术。     

区域注射磷—32玻璃微球对裸鼠移植性人肝细胞癌的形态学影响

目的：研究－３２玻璃微球（３２Ｐ－ＧＭＳ）区域注射对裸鼠移植性人肝细胞癌的形态学影响及其意义。方法：应用光镜、免疫组织化学及电镜观察对照组及治疗组的肿瘤组织学和超微结构特征。结果：对照组中，瘤体长径约３ｃｍ，瘤细胞排列紧密，呈小梁状，富于血窦，约５％瘤细胞坏死。治疗组中，瘤体长径为０．４～２ｃｍ，其中少部分瘤体边缘细胞排列紧密，大部分瘤细胞排列松散，呈网状或假腺样且被纤维血管束分割成巢。４０％～８０％的瘤细胞呈凝固性坏死。７５％以上排列紧密的瘤细胞ＰＣＮＡ阳性，而排列松散的ＰＣＮＡ阳性瘤细胞不足２５％。松散排列的瘤细胞较紧密排列的瘤细胞，桥粒显著减少、细胞变性坏死增多。结论：本研究提示局部内放射３２Ｐ－ＧＭＳ明显具有杀伤癌细胞和抑制肿瘤生长的作用。这为３２Ｐ－ＧＭＳ对肝癌治疗的实验研究和临床应用提供形态学依据。     

闽产47种中成药中重金属的含量测定

 目的　以福州、漳州、厦门、建阳等 4个地区的47种中成药为研究对象进行铅、砷、汞、镉含量测定。方法　按国标食品中重金属含量的测定方法。结果　参照药用植物及制剂进出口绿色行业标准 ,超标率(%)为:铅0;镉0;汞53.23;砷2.13;结论　铅、镉的含量在福建省的几个地区含量不高,符合标准,个别样品含砷量超标,汞的项目超标率较高。     

18F-FDG符合线路SPECT显像在胃肠道恶性肿瘤术后的应用

目的探讨^18F—FDG符合线路SPECT显像在探测胃肠道恶性肿瘤术后复发和远处转移中的应用价值。方法24例胃肠道恶性肿瘤术后患者，其中食管癌4例，胃癌7例，结肠癌6例，直肠癌7例，运用SIEMENS ECAM^deut SPECT仪进行^18F—FDG显像。结果^18F—FDG显像诊断胃肠道恶性肿瘤术后转移和复发的灵敏度为94．7％，特异性80．0％，准确性91．7％。在^18F—FDG显像真阳性18例中，2例为局部复发，5例为局部复发伴转移，11例为远处转移。在有复发的7例患者中，5例^18F—FDG显像结果与CT检查结果一致，2例CT检查局部未见异常，在有转移的16例患者中，共检出转移灶55处。结论符合线路SPECT仪^18F—FDG显像是检测胃肠道恶性肿瘤术后复发和转移的敏感而有效的方法。     

鸦胆子油乳结合支气管动脉灌注化疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

目的探讨鸦胆子油乳结合支气管动脉灌注化疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效。方法82例局部晚期非小细胞肺癌随机分为治疗组42例,采用鸦胆子油乳结合支气管动脉灌注化疗,对照组40例,采用单纯支气管动脉灌注化疗。结果治疗组客观疗效(CR+PR)达64.2%,对照组45%,二组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);治疗组脑转移发生率11.9%,对照组脑转移发生率30%,二组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。治疗组在提高生活质量、保护免疫和骨髓功能方面优于化疗组,二组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01及P<0.05)。结论鸦胆子油乳结合支气管动脉灌注化疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌能提高客观疗效,可防止脑转移,并能提高生活质量、保护免疫功能及骨髓功能。     

局麻药心脏毒性研究进展

自从首例局麻药引发心脏毒性的病例报道以来,20多年来对局麻药的心脏毒性机理及治疗的研究从来没有终止过,本文旨在对局麻药心脏毒性的机理、比较及治疗进展作综述。     

中药制草乌中重金属、六六六及滴滴涕含量分析

目的:通过对制草乌进行重金属、六六六及滴滴涕的含量分析,了解制草乌中重金属、六六六及滴滴涕含量的情况,为质量标准的制定提供依据.方法:按食品检验标准方法,分别用原子吸收分光光度计和原子荧光分光光度计对制草乌进行铅与镉、砷与汞等重金属测定;采用毛细管气相色谱测定六六六、滴滴涕含量.结果:制草乌中汞、六六六及滴滴涕的含量符合汞≤0.2 mg·kg-1、BHC≤0.1 mg·kg-1、DDT≤0.1 mg·kg-1的规定;重金属铅、镉、砷含量不符合铅≤5.0mg·kg-1、镉≤0.3 mg·kg-1、砷≤2.0 mg·kg-1的规定,10个样品中有7个样品铅含量偏高、有5个样品镉含量偏高、有8个样品砷含量偏高.结论:重金属铅、镉、砷含量偏高;汞、六六六、滴滴涕含量正常.     

Comparison of remifentanil versus regional anaesthesia in children anaesthetised with isoflurane/nitrous oxide. International Remifentanil Paediatric Anaesthesia Study group

We compared the efficacy and safety of a remifentanil (0.25 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1)-based balanced anaesthetic technique with a bupivacaine-based regional anaesthetic technique in an open label, multicentre study in 271 ASA physical status 1 or 2 children aged 1-12 years. Subjects requiring major intra-abdominal, urological or orthopaedic surgery were randomly allocated to receive either intravenous remifentanil (group R; n = 185) or epidural bupivacaine (group B; n = 86) with isoflurane/nitrous oxide for their anaesthesia. The majority of children in both groups (85% in group R, 78% in group B) showed no defined response to skin incision, and although the mean increase in systolic blood pressure (+11 mm Hg) was significantly greater in group R than in group B, this change did not represent a serious haemodynamic disturbance. More children in group R (31%) required interventions to treat hypotension and/or bradycardia than those in group B (12%), but these were easily managed by administration of fluids or anticholinergic drugs. Adverse events, mainly nausea and/or vomiting, occurred in 45% of group R and 42% of group B (NS). The adverse event profile of remifentanil in this study was typical of a potent mu-opioid receptor agonist. Remifentanil was as effective as epidural or caudal block in providing analgesia and suppressing physiological responses to surgical stimuli in children aged between 1 and 12 years undergoing major abdominal, urological, or orthopaedic surgery under isoflurane/nitrous oxide anaesthesia.     

Day-case laparoscopy: a comparison of prophylactic opioid, NSAID or local anesthesia for postoperative analgesia

BACKGROUND: The study was aimed to evaluate the analgesic efficacy, postoperative comfort, recovery characteristics and side effects of three different analgesic agents administered prophylactically. METHODS: Eighty patients undergoing day-case minor operative laparoscopy were randomly allocated into four groups to receive tenoxicam 20 mg i.v. (Group T), fentanyl 100 microg i.v. (Group F), 5 ml of bupivacaine 2.5 mg/ml for infiltration of trocar sites (Group B), 30, 10 and 5 min before incision respectively. Bupivacaine, 35 ml, 2.5 mg/ml was also administered into the pelvic cavity in Group B. Group P received only placebo. Postoperative pain, analgesic requirements, first response to verbal stimulus, first analgesic requirement, ability to walk without help, to drink and to void, blood pressures, SpO2 and respiration rates were recorded in the PACU. Postoperative pain was evaluated by verbal rating scale. Pain scores, analgesic requirements and side effects were evaluated by telephone calls until the 48th postoperative hour. RESULTS: Postoperative pain scores were lower and time to requirement of rescue analgesics was longer in groups F and B compared to Group P. In the PACU, analgesic requirements were lower in Group B, compared to Group P. Nausea and vomiting were increased in Group F. CONCLUSION: Tenoxicam 20 mg i.v. was found to be ineffective whereas bupivacaine was superior to other groups in reducing pain and analgesic requirements. Bupivacaine also increased time to first analgesics and obtained better recovery characteristics, underlining its value in prophylactic pain management compared to the other two agents.