大学生压力应对方式与主观幸福感相关性研究

目的 探讨大学生压力应对方式与主观幸福感的相关性,为科学地引导其构建积极的压力应对机制,提高幸福感提供依据.方法 对220名在校大学生采用应对方式问卷和幸福感指数量表进行测评分析.结果 农村大学生总体情感指数、生活满意度和幸福感指数均显著高于城市大学生(P＜0.05).大学生的总体情感指数、生活满意度和幸福感指数与解决问题、求助等积极应对方式呈显著正相关(P＜0.01),与自责、幻想、退避等消极应对方式和合理化的混合型应对方式呈显著负相关(P＜0.05或0.01).年级、性别、压力应对方式与幸福感建立的三个回归方程均显著(F=44.462、21.744、11.955,P＜0.001);影响幸福感指数和总体情感指数的主要因素为解决问题、退避、自责、求助、年级(大四),联合解释量分别为27.9%、34.8%;影响生活满意度的主要因素为解决问题、自责、合理化,联合解释量为14.8%;解决问题、求助和年级(大四)对因变量均具有正向预测作用,退避、自责和合理化对因变量均具有负向预测作用.结论 大学生的压力应对方式与主观幸福感密切相关,对其有显著的预测和解释作用.     

Individual and contextual parameters associated with adolescents’ domain specific self-perceptions

The present study examined the role of adolescents’ self-esteem and perceptions of family and classroom contexts on their domain specific self-perceptions. 345 Greek junior high school adolescents aged 14-16 completed measures of domain specific self-perceptions, self-esteem, parenting styles and classroom climate. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that both family and classroom contexts predicted students’ self-perceptions, after students’ demographics, academic achievement and self-esteem were controlled for. However, different patterns emerged in the relationship between family, classroom climate and self-esteem depending on domain specific self-perceptions. Academic self-perceptions (scholastic, mathematics and language competences) were predicted by classroom climate dimensions (order and organization, student involvement, rule clarity), whereas self-perceptions regarding relations with parents, close friends and behaviour conduct, were predicted by parenting styles. Given the fact that adolescence is a period of fluctuation in self-understanding which renders self-perceptions particularly malleable, the results support the critical role of the social environments where adolescents operate.     

Alcohol and Drug Use among Youth – The Interplay of Future Orientation,Parenting, and Housing Conditions

Background: Past research indicated that future orientation might protect against substance use; however, this potential had not yet been examined in the context of a multiple risk factor model that would include different parenting styles and indicators of the material situation. Additionally, past research draws primarily from a limited set of geographical regions, often using convenience samples of children and adolescents. Objectives: The current study addresses these issues by examining (in)direct relationships between substance use (alcohol, marijuana, hard drugs), future orientation, different parenting styles (authoritarian, authoritative, permissive), and family housing conditions, using a representative sample of Slovenian youth. Methods: Correlational and path analyses were used to test the proposed hypotheses. Additionally, possible mediating pathways were examined and evaluated. Results: Findings indicated a negative relation between future orientation and use of all substances. Next, future orientation fully mediated the effect of authoritative parenting on substance use. Finally, housing conditions had a direct and positive effect on authoritative parenting, a direct and an indirect effect on future orientation and only an indirect (through authoritative parenting and future orientation) effect on substance use. Conclusions: Results, besides indicating the relevance of future orientation in understanding substance use among youth, highlight the importance of authoritative parenting (that spans beyond childhood and adolescence) and housing conditions on the development of future orientation. In addition, findings highlight the importance of the material situation when examining antecedents of substance use among youth that might be missed if only direct effects are observed. Results are discussed in the context of the risk factor paradigm.     

海洛因依赖者心理健康在戒毒次数上的变化规律及其影响因素分析

目的探究强制隔离戒毒模式下不同性别海济吲依赖并的心理健康水平存成毒次数上的变化规律,为不同性别戒毒并的心理门磺提供依据。方法用自编一般情况凋查表、90项症状清单（SCL-90）、艾森克人格问卷（EPQ）、特质应对方式问卷（TCSQ）和礼会支持评定量表（SSRS）对386例海洛因依赖者进行测验。结果（1）海洛冈依赖者SCL-90各冈子分湿著高于常模（P〈0．001）。（2）男性首次戒毒者SCL-90各因子得分较低,然后随着戒毒次数呈现高低交替的波动性变化,而女性戒毒者的心理健康状况相埘平稳。（3）人格是影响男性戒毒者心理健康的主要因素,而对于女性戒毒者,人格、应埘方式和年龄三种渊素影响差别不明显。结论戒毒者心理健康水平较差,对男性戒毒者,要加强心理健康及其影响因素的监测,尤其要关注其人格改变     

随访干预对糖尿病合并非酒精性脂肪肝患者自我效能和应对方式的影响研究

目的：探讨随访干预对糖尿病合并非酒精性脂肪肝患者自我效能和应对方式的影响。方法：选择2型糖尿病合并非酒精性脂肪肝的患者102例,随机分为实验组52例和对照组50例,对照组给予常规随访,实验组在此基础上进行PDCA循环结合全程健康教育形式的随访管理。结果 ：随访6个月时,实验组自我效能评分优于对照组,应对方式上回避、屈服因子明显降低（P〈0.05）。结论：随访干预能充分发挥患者自我管理效能,使其采用积极的应对方式,对改善糖尿病合并非酒精性脂肪肝患者健康状况和提高生活质量具有重要意义。     

儿科护士心理压力源及应对方式的质性研究

目的 探讨儿科护士心理压力源及应对方式,为儿科护士寻求有效减压方式、护理管理者实施有效干预提供参考和依据.方法 采用含有3个问题的半结构式访谈提纲,对某医院儿科的12名护士进行深入访谈,应用现象学资料整理分析方法,将资料编码、分类、解释现象实质和意义、提炼主题和要素,之后获得主题.结果 沟通、工作量以及工作表现是主要压力源.无经验的儿科护士与有经验的儿科护士相比,有经验儿科护士的应对方式更有效,负面健康结果也少得多.结论 本研究结果表明明确儿科护士压力源、积极制定并采取干预措施改善儿科护士应对方式需要个人及组织共同努力.     

肝癌患者生活质量与应对方式及其相关性研究

目的探讨肝癌患者的生活质量与应对方式及其相关性,以寻找提高生活质量的护理对策.方法采用癌症患者生存质量量表（EROTCQLQ-C30）和医学应对问卷（MCMQ）,分别对30例住院肝癌患者（患者组）和30名健康成人（对照组）进行调查.结果患者组生活质量评分显著低于健康对照组,患者最常采用的应对方式依次为面对或斗争、回避、屈服或接受;屈服或接受应对方式与肝癌患者生活质量呈负相关（P〈0.05）.结论肝癌患者生活质量显著降低,但首要采用积极面对;在护理工作中,指导患者尽量避免屈服心理,以提高生活质量.     

Oxytocin modulates the link between adult attachment and cooperation through reduced betrayal aversion

An experiment examined whether and how the relationship between individual differences in social attachment and cooperation is modulated by brain oxytocin, a neuropeptide implicated both in parent-child bonding, and in social approach. Healthy males completed a validated attachment style measure, received intranasal oxytocin or placebo, and privately chose between cooperation and non-cooperation in an incentivized social dilemma with an anonymous stranger. Attachment anxiety--the tendency to fear rejection by others--had few effects and was not modulated by oxytocin. However, oxytocin interacted with attachment avoidance--the tendency to fear dependency and closeness in interpersonal relations. Especially among participants high rather than low in attachment avoidance, oxytocin reduced betrayal aversion, and increased trust and cooperation compared to placebo. Effects of attachment avoidance and oxytocin on cooperation were mediated by betrayal aversion, and not by affiliation tendencies.     

应对技能训练应用于抑郁症患者

目的:探讨应对技能训练对抑郁症患者应对方式的影响。方法:将60例抑郁症患者随机分为研究组30例和对照组30例,研究组给予药物治疗加应对技能训练,对照组仅给予药物治疗。观察8周。于训练前及训练8周采用应付方式问卷评价患者的应对水平。结果:应对技能训练后,在应对方式上,研究组自责、幻想、退避评分低于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01),而解决问题、求助评分高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:应对技能训练可部分改善抑郁症患者的应对方式。