三峡库区高师学生心理健康状况与应对方式的研究

目的了解三峡库区高师学生心理健康状况与使用应对方式的情况.方法采用SCL-90症状自评量表和应对方式问卷进行测查.结果学生SCL-90各因子分均显著地高于全国常模;学生较多地选择了解决问题等积极应对方式,较少地使用了自责等消极应对方式,但对幻想、退避应对方式的使用程度仍较高;学生使用的应对方式与心理健康状况之间有密切关系.结论学生的心理健康状况较为严峻,采用积极、成熟的应对方式有助于学生维持良好的心理状态.     

贫困地区老年人压力源及应对方式调查分析

目的探讨贫困地区老年人的压力源及应对方式，为社区护理人员开展健康干预提供依据。方法采用压力源和应对方式问卷对62名农村贫困地区老年人进行调查。结果主要压力源依次是收入低、机体功能减退或慢性疾病、孤独、丧偶、对死亡的恐惧等。应用最多且有效的应对方式是解决问题，其次是退避、合理化，应用最少的为自责。结论农村贫困地区老年人通过1种或1种以上的应对方式应对压力源，首先采用的是积极应对方式，其次是消极应对方式。社区护理人员应鼓励贫困地区的老年人多采取积极应对方式。     

Psychological adaptation of anxiety disorder patients following repeated exposure to emergency situations

Thirty one patients in treatment for anxiety disorders and 31 controls were interviewed within hours after both the first and second Iraqi missile attacks on Israel during the Gulf war. After the first attack patients did not report higher anxiety levels, nor were they more pessimistic about the war and their fate in the war than the control subjects. Anxiety disorder patients tended to be engaged in cognitive-behavioral tactics for self-calming, while control subjects clearly preferred to cope by interacting with their social and physical environments. Following the second missible bombardment, patients were more inclined to retain their initial levels of anxiety and pessimism, while controls seem to have better adapted and showed significant improvements in those variables. The results are discussed in terms of coping skills and vulnerability as factors influencing adaptation to prolonged emergency situations.     

精神分裂症患者防御方式及家庭背景因素研究

目的:探讨精神分裂症患者的防御方式、父母教养方式及亲密度和适应性的特点.方法: 采用防御方式问卷(DSQ)、父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU)及家庭亲密度和适应性量表(中文版)(FACESII-CV)对80例精神分裂症患者(研究组)进行了问卷调查,并与80例正常受试者(对照组)加以比较.结果:①研究组中间型和不成熟防御方式因子分均明显高于对照组(P<0.01),而成熟防御方式因子分则明显低于对照组(P<0.05);②研究组父母的情感温暖因子分明显低于对照组(P<0.01),而惩罚及拒绝因子分则明显高于对照组(P<0.01),另外患者父亲的过分干涉及母亲的偏爱被试因子分亦均明显高于对照组(前者P<0.01,后者P<0.05).③研究组家庭的实际亲密度、实际适应性、理想亲密度和理想适应性评分均明显低于对照组(P<0.01).结论: 精神分裂症患者的防御方式、父母教养方式及亲密度和适应性与正常人有着明显的不同.     

不同家庭类型网络成瘾青少年的家庭养育方式与人格特征

大量研究表明，父母离异对儿童的学业、社会性及身心健康均有消极影响，也有研究认为父母离异是子女易患网络成瘾（1AD）的一个因素。但目前有关离异家庭网络成瘾青少年父母教养方式和人格特征的研究却罕见，为此我们进行了此项研究。[第一段]     

Holocaust survivors: Coping with post-traumatic memories in childhood and 40 years later

This essay deals with coping processes of childhood trauma of survivors who were children during World War II over the lifecycle in a nonclinical group. The main issues refer to: (1) responses to war memories immediately after the war and 40 years later; (2) dealing with memories and feelings at present; (3) victims' feelings and attitudes toward the persecutor; (4) attitudes of survivors' children to the war experience of their parents; and (5) coping styles immediately and 40 years after the war, including the survivors' responses at present. Using a semistructural interview and a qualitative content analysis of interviews, it is suggested that for most persons the reactivation of memories and the need to document their experiences enhances, in a limited scope, the recognition of their loss and brings some relief; it also discloses new ways for these adults to comprehend their traumatic past.     

大学生强迫倾向与外向人格、父母教养方式的关系

目的探讨大学生外向人格及其父母教养方式对其强迫性倾向的影响。方法根据方便取样的原则,在武汉市3所大学抽取在校大学生276名进行问卷调查,并对数据进行统计分析。结果大学生强迫倾向与外向人格(r=-0.231,P<0.01)、父亲情感温暖、理解(r=-0.147,P<0.05)和母亲情感温暖、理解教养方式(r=-0.135,P<0.05)存在显著的负相关,与父亲惩罚严厉(r=0.19,P<0.01)、父亲拒绝否认(r=0.14,P<0.05)、父亲过度保护(r=0.192,P<0.01)、母亲惩罚严厉(r=0.162,P<0.01)、母亲拒绝否认(r=0.184,P<0.01)、母亲过分干涉、保护(r=0.191,P<0.01)教养方式存在显著的正相关;分层回归分析表明外向人格与父母教养方式对大学生强迫倾向影响时交互作用不显著(外向人格与各种教养方式交互项回归系数对应的P都大于0.05)。结论外向人格及父母教养方式是大学生强迫倾向的2个重要影响因素,但这2个因素是相对独立地起作用。