不同家庭类型网络成瘾青少年的家庭养育方式与人格特征

大量研究表明，父母离异对儿童的学业、社会性及身心健康均有消极影响，也有研究认为父母离异是子女易患网络成瘾（1AD）的一个因素。但目前有关离异家庭网络成瘾青少年父母教养方式和人格特征的研究却罕见，为此我们进行了此项研究。[第一段]     

Holocaust survivors: Coping with post-traumatic memories in childhood and 40 years later

This essay deals with coping processes of childhood trauma of survivors who were children during World War II over the lifecycle in a nonclinical group. The main issues refer to: (1) responses to war memories immediately after the war and 40 years later; (2) dealing with memories and feelings at present; (3) victims' feelings and attitudes toward the persecutor; (4) attitudes of survivors' children to the war experience of their parents; and (5) coping styles immediately and 40 years after the war, including the survivors' responses at present. Using a semistructural interview and a qualitative content analysis of interviews, it is suggested that for most persons the reactivation of memories and the need to document their experiences enhances, in a limited scope, the recognition of their loss and brings some relief; it also discloses new ways for these adults to comprehend their traumatic past.     

抑郁症患者自动思维及应付方式的性别差异

目的　探讨抑郁症患者自动思维、应付方式变化的性别差异。方法　对 97例抑郁症患者分别在其入、出院时进行测评 ,测评工具包括自评抑郁量表 (SDS)、自动思维问卷和应付方式问卷。此外对 10 0例正常对照亦进行上述测评 ,其中 2 9例在 15～ 2 0天后重测。结果　病人及对照组的自动思维及应付方式无性别差异 ,但病人组SDS得分存在性别差异。性别、自动思维、应付方式各指标的logistic回归分析显示 ,自动思维、幻想、合理化、解决问题有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,性别、应付方式其他各指标影响无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;治疗后抑郁症组性别、自动思维、应付方式各指标差值的logistic回归分析表明 ,自动思维的差值有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,性别、应付方式其他各指标影响无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　抑郁症患者的自动思维及应付方式无性别差异 ,自动思维、幻想、合理化、解决问题对抑郁严重程度有显著影响。     

大学生强迫倾向与外向人格、父母教养方式的关系

目的探讨大学生外向人格及其父母教养方式对其强迫性倾向的影响。方法根据方便取样的原则,在武汉市3所大学抽取在校大学生276名进行问卷调查,并对数据进行统计分析。结果大学生强迫倾向与外向人格(r=-0.231,P<0.01)、父亲情感温暖、理解(r=-0.147,P<0.05)和母亲情感温暖、理解教养方式(r=-0.135,P<0.05)存在显著的负相关,与父亲惩罚严厉(r=0.19,P<0.01)、父亲拒绝否认(r=0.14,P<0.05)、父亲过度保护(r=0.192,P<0.01)、母亲惩罚严厉(r=0.162,P<0.01)、母亲拒绝否认(r=0.184,P<0.01)、母亲过分干涉、保护(r=0.191,P<0.01)教养方式存在显著的正相关;分层回归分析表明外向人格与父母教养方式对大学生强迫倾向影响时交互作用不显著(外向人格与各种教养方式交互项回归系数对应的P都大于0.05)。结论外向人格及父母教养方式是大学生强迫倾向的2个重要影响因素,但这2个因素是相对独立地起作用。     

女员工婚姻质量与自我和谐、应对方式的相关研究

目的考察邯郸市某公司女员工婚姻质量、自我和谐程度以及应对方式的基本情况,探讨婚姻质量与自我和谐、应对方式的关系。方法采用Olison婚姻质量问卷、自我和谐量表(SCCS)及特质应对方式问卷(TCSQ)对邯郸市某大型商场82名女性销售员工进行问卷调查。结果①婚姻满意度、夫妻交流、解决冲突的方式因子得分均低于常模,具有显著性统计学意义(t=-6.4296,P<0.01;t=-4.1643,P<0.01;t=-6.6874,P<0.01);②婚姻满意度与自我和谐呈负相关(r=-0.280,P<0.05),与自我的灵活性呈显著正相关(r=0.303,P<0.01),与自我的刻板性呈负相关(r=-0.228,P<0.05),与消极应对呈负相关(r=-0.240,P<0.05);夫妻交流与自我和谐呈负相关(r=-0.297,P<0.05),与灵活性呈显著正相关(r=0.298,P<0.01)。结论婚姻质量与自我和谐之间存在一定联系,婚姻质量与应对方式关系较为复杂。     

大学生压力应对方式与主观幸福感相关性研究

目的 探讨大学生压力应对方式与主观幸福感的相关性,为科学地引导其构建积极的压力应对机制,提高幸福感提供依据.方法 对220名在校大学生采用应对方式问卷和幸福感指数量表进行测评分析.结果 农村大学生总体情感指数、生活满意度和幸福感指数均显著高于城市大学生(P＜0.05).大学生的总体情感指数、生活满意度和幸福感指数与解决问题、求助等积极应对方式呈显著正相关(P＜0.01),与自责、幻想、退避等消极应对方式和合理化的混合型应对方式呈显著负相关(P＜0.05或0.01).年级、性别、压力应对方式与幸福感建立的三个回归方程均显著(F=44.462、21.744、11.955,P＜0.001);影响幸福感指数和总体情感指数的主要因素为解决问题、退避、自责、求助、年级(大四),联合解释量分别为27.9%、34.8%;影响生活满意度的主要因素为解决问题、自责、合理化,联合解释量为14.8%;解决问题、求助和年级(大四)对因变量均具有正向预测作用,退避、自责和合理化对因变量均具有负向预测作用.结论 大学生的压力应对方式与主观幸福感密切相关,对其有显著的预测和解释作用.     

Individual and contextual parameters associated with adolescents’ domain specific self-perceptions

The present study examined the role of adolescents’ self-esteem and perceptions of family and classroom contexts on their domain specific self-perceptions. 345 Greek junior high school adolescents aged 14-16 completed measures of domain specific self-perceptions, self-esteem, parenting styles and classroom climate. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that both family and classroom contexts predicted students’ self-perceptions, after students’ demographics, academic achievement and self-esteem were controlled for. However, different patterns emerged in the relationship between family, classroom climate and self-esteem depending on domain specific self-perceptions. Academic self-perceptions (scholastic, mathematics and language competences) were predicted by classroom climate dimensions (order and organization, student involvement, rule clarity), whereas self-perceptions regarding relations with parents, close friends and behaviour conduct, were predicted by parenting styles. Given the fact that adolescence is a period of fluctuation in self-understanding which renders self-perceptions particularly malleable, the results support the critical role of the social environments where adolescents operate.