单亲家庭青少年人格特征与应对方式的相关性研究

目的:探讨单亲家庭青少年的人格特征与应对方式的相关性。方法:采用艾森克个性问卷(幼年版)(EPQ)及应对方式问卷(CSQ)评估62例单亲家庭青少年(研究组)及62例正常对照(对照组)的人格特征及应对方式。结果:1研究组的内-外向维度评分值显著低于对照组,神经质维度评分值显著高于对照组,两组间差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05;P<0.01)。2研究组在解决问题、求助等两项因子的评分值显著低于对照组,而在自责、幻想及逃避等三项因子的评分值显著高于对照组,两组间差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。3研究组的精神质与幻想、逃避及合理化呈显著正相关(P<0.05;P<0.01);内-外向与解决问题、求助呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与逃避呈显著负相关(P<0.05);神经质与自责、幻想、逃避、合理化呈显著正相关(P<0.05;P<0.01);掩饰性与合理化呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。结论:单亲家庭青少年的人格特征可能与其采用消极的应对方式存在相关性。     

霍桑《小布朗先生》主要人物形象的功能语境解读

系统功能语言学视文学作品为社会语篇,主张从广阔的文化语境的视角来研究文学语篇,为文学语境研究提供了系统的理论框架指导。借用系统功能语言学的语境理论,文章将《小布朗先生》中的主要人物小布朗先生置于1692年的塞勒姆巫术妄想事件中,考察了该文学语篇的社会文化语境,分析了其情景语境和上下文语境。文章认为该语篇之情景语境为当年巫术妄想事件之实例化,从而驱散霍桑通过词汇语法手段制造弥漫于情景语境和上下文语境中的“朦胧迷雾”,功能语境解读使得该人物形象明晰化、合理化。     

Highlighting CCQ-CAT calculation and advantages

Abstract

Background: Symptoms of anxiety, depression and exercise intolerance contribute to an impaired health status in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Coping styles may also be related to symptoms and health status. Objectives of this study were to assess the distribution of coping styles in patients entering pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) with and without anxiety and/or depression; and to assess whether coping styles contribute to exercise intolerance and reduced health status. Methods: Coping styles were studied in 698 patients using the Utrecht Coping List (UCL). Disease-specific health status (St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire, SGRQ), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS), exercise tolerance (6-minute walking distance, 6MWD) and clinical characteristics were assessed. Results: High levels (16.5%) of active confronting coping style were rarely reported. A minority of patients used low levels (17.5%) of passive reaction pattern coping style. Differences in coping profiles were present between patients with and without anxiety and/or depression. A higher level of active confronting coping style was associated with a higher 6MWD (Beta 0.092, p < 0.01), while a higher level of avoidance coping style was associated with a lower 6MWD (Beta -0.074, p = 0.017). The UCL subscales were not related to SGRQ total score (p > 0.05). Conclusions: In COPD patients entering PR, coping styles were associated with symptoms of anxiety, depression and exercise intolerance, but not associated with disease-specific health status. Future studies should examine whether interventions aiming at optimizing coping styles during PR can improve outcomes for patients with COPD.     

Parenting styles and emotional intelligence of HIV-affected children in Thailand

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of parenting styles on emotional intelligence of HIV-affected children in Thailand. This study uses data from 205 HIV-affected children in northern and northeastern Thailand. Correlation and regression analyses were used to examine the predictors of emotional intelligence. Children reporting higher levels of stress reported less caring parenting style (standardized beta [B]=?0.18, p=0.050). Children with higher self-esteem were also more likely to perceive their parents as caring (B=0.48, p=0.002). Children who scored lower on their self-esteem reported their parents to be more overprotective (B=?0.30, p=0.030), and children reporting higher levels of stress reported their parents to be more overprotective (B=0.12, p=0.010). Children reporting caring parenting style were significantly more likely to report higher emotional intelligence (B=0.66, p=0.001). Parenting styles play an important role in the emotional intelligence. Identifying and testing interventions to help parents improve their parenting styles, while helping their HIV-affected children cope with stress and self-esteem, are essential in promoting mental health of HIV-affected children in Thailand.     

三峡库区高师学生心理健康状况与应对方式的研究

目的了解三峡库区高师学生心理健康状况与使用应对方式的情况.方法采用SCL-90症状自评量表和应对方式问卷进行测查.结果学生SCL-90各因子分均显著地高于全国常模;学生较多地选择了解决问题等积极应对方式,较少地使用了自责等消极应对方式,但对幻想、退避应对方式的使用程度仍较高;学生使用的应对方式与心理健康状况之间有密切关系.结论学生的心理健康状况较为严峻,采用积极、成熟的应对方式有助于学生维持良好的心理状态.     

贫困地区老年人压力源及应对方式调查分析

目的探讨贫困地区老年人的压力源及应对方式，为社区护理人员开展健康干预提供依据。方法采用压力源和应对方式问卷对62名农村贫困地区老年人进行调查。结果主要压力源依次是收入低、机体功能减退或慢性疾病、孤独、丧偶、对死亡的恐惧等。应用最多且有效的应对方式是解决问题，其次是退避、合理化，应用最少的为自责。结论农村贫困地区老年人通过1种或1种以上的应对方式应对压力源，首先采用的是积极应对方式，其次是消极应对方式。社区护理人员应鼓励贫困地区的老年人多采取积极应对方式。     

Psychological adaptation of anxiety disorder patients following repeated exposure to emergency situations

Thirty one patients in treatment for anxiety disorders and 31 controls were interviewed within hours after both the first and second Iraqi missile attacks on Israel during the Gulf war. After the first attack patients did not report higher anxiety levels, nor were they more pessimistic about the war and their fate in the war than the control subjects. Anxiety disorder patients tended to be engaged in cognitive-behavioral tactics for self-calming, while control subjects clearly preferred to cope by interacting with their social and physical environments. Following the second missible bombardment, patients were more inclined to retain their initial levels of anxiety and pessimism, while controls seem to have better adapted and showed significant improvements in those variables. The results are discussed in terms of coping skills and vulnerability as factors influencing adaptation to prolonged emergency situations.     

精神分裂症患者防御方式及家庭背景因素研究

目的:探讨精神分裂症患者的防御方式、父母教养方式及亲密度和适应性的特点.方法: 采用防御方式问卷(DSQ)、父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU)及家庭亲密度和适应性量表(中文版)(FACESII-CV)对80例精神分裂症患者(研究组)进行了问卷调查,并与80例正常受试者(对照组)加以比较.结果:①研究组中间型和不成熟防御方式因子分均明显高于对照组(P<0.01),而成熟防御方式因子分则明显低于对照组(P<0.05);②研究组父母的情感温暖因子分明显低于对照组(P<0.01),而惩罚及拒绝因子分则明显高于对照组(P<0.01),另外患者父亲的过分干涉及母亲的偏爱被试因子分亦均明显高于对照组(前者P<0.01,后者P<0.05).③研究组家庭的实际亲密度、实际适应性、理想亲密度和理想适应性评分均明显低于对照组(P<0.01).结论: 精神分裂症患者的防御方式、父母教养方式及亲密度和适应性与正常人有着明显的不同.     

不同家庭类型网络成瘾青少年的家庭养育方式与人格特征

大量研究表明，父母离异对儿童的学业、社会性及身心健康均有消极影响，也有研究认为父母离异是子女易患网络成瘾（1AD）的一个因素。但目前有关离异家庭网络成瘾青少年父母教养方式和人格特征的研究却罕见，为此我们进行了此项研究。[第一段]