Nimesulide: an NSAID that preferentially inhibits COX-2, and has various unique pharmacological activities

Nimesulide is a NSAID with good anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities expected of such compounds. However, in addition it has some unique therapeutic and pharmacological activities. The novel therapeutic aspects include a relatively low toxicity to the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys, it can be given to most patients who experience respiratory problems with other NSAIDs, and the onset of analgesia is comparatively quick. The main novel pharmacological actions obtained using nimesulide in vivo at therapeutic doses, or in vitro at concentrations within the therapeutic range of free (unbound) drug, include: a preferential inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis via COX-2, and reductions in cytokine action/release, histamine release, the release of enzymes that degrade cartilage, and the release of superoxide anions and other toxic substances from neutrophils. Interactions with other drugs are few and of little or no clinical significance.     

Cancer mucosa antigens: novel immunotherapeutic targets

Background: Prevention and treatment of human cancer through immunotherapy has been difficult owing to lack of a specific target and poor immunity. It is of no surprise that cancer mucosa antigens (CMAs) may serve as attractive targets for cancer immunotherapy. Objective: To present and discuss the current state of the research on CMAs. Methods: We review the evidence that a number of CMAs have been used to augment immune responses against cancer and that some progress has been made. We envisage future developments toward identifying CMAs and their potential applications to cancer treatment. Results/conclusion: CMAs may reasonably be considered as novel targets for immunotherapy. More investigations should be performed to improve the success of immunotherapy in clinical trials.     

Uptake of Ovalbumin-conjugated Starch Microparticles by Pig Respiratory Nasal Mucosa In Vitro

The uptake of ovalbumin-conjugated starch microparticles (OVA-MP) was studied after application to porcine respiratory nasal mucosa in vitro. Nasal mucosa from freshly slaughtered pigs was mounted in horizontal Ussing chambers, which permit monitoring of the viability of the tissue exposed to microparticles and ensure that the microparticles are deposited on the mucosa. The antigen-conjugated starch microparticles have previously been shown to produce strong mucosal, cellular and systemic immune responses to conjugated model antigens following oral administration. Intranasal administration of vaccines for mucosal immunisation is an interesting alternative to oral administration, since nasal delivery systems generally require lower doses of antigen and the site of application is better suited for protection against air-borne antigens. Most of a nasally administered dose is deposited on the surface of the respiratory area of the nasal mucosa. It is therefore important to examine whether the microparticles are taken up in this area and, if so, by which cell type.

Confocal laser scanning microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the nasal tissue both showed intracellular OVA-MP in non-ciliated epithelial cells after 45 min' incubation. The morphology of the cells in the TEM preparations did not support the presence of either M cells (specialised antigen sampling cells) or adjacent lymphocytes. Anticytokeratin-18 (Ac18) was used as a potential M cell marker. However, there was no indication of Ac18 binding to M cells, but it did bind to mucus-producing cells in the respiratory nasal mucosa. In conclusion, OVA-MP were taken up intracellularly by non-ciliated epithelial cells in the nasal respiratory mucosa of pigs, in vitro.     

胃、肠活检标本中印戒细胞癌的形态观察与病理诊断

目的探讨胃肠道印戒细胞癌患者的病理诊断以及形态观察,给胃肠道印戒细胞癌患者的临床治疗提供科学依据。方法回顾性分析本院2010～2012年收治的100例通过活检标本进行病理证实的胃肠道印戒细胞癌患者的临床资料。结果本组患者的病灶有4例分布在贲门,15例分布在胃体,25例分布在胃角,32例分布在胃窦,5例在胃底与胃体同时受累,4例在全胃及胃部同时受累,15例在胃体以及胃窦同时受累。其中有50例溃疡型,32例弥漫浸润型,18例糜烂型。结论胃肠道印戒细胞癌具有较差预后、较高转移率、较强浸润性等基本特征。及时对患者胃肠黏膜内印戒细胞癌的病理以及形态进行确诊,并采取相应的措施进行治疗,对确保患者的生命安全有着重要的意义。     

Delivery of insulin to the buccal mucosa utilizing the RapidMist™ system

Background: The burgeoning number of people with diabetes mellitus is a global problem. Simple but effective treatment with minimal side effects will be required to reduce the risk for macro- and micro-vascular complications. A big part of this goal can be achieved by the ready administration of insulin with or without other medications. Methods: The RapidMist^? drug delivery system places human recombinant insulin in a liquid formulation so as to be delivered to the buccal mucosa with an asthma-like device. As with nitroglycerin, the insulin PK-PD is very fast, thus affording flexibility. Conclusion: Serial data show clinical efficacy in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes with at least non-inferiority to regular insulin.     

姜黄素对5-Fu化疗大鼠肠黏膜屏障保护作用的实验研究

目的：观察姜黄素在利用5-Fu化疗期间对大鼠肠黏膜屏障的保护功能的研究。方法：健康Wister大鼠60只随机分成Control组（20只）,5-Fu组（20只,5-氟尿嘧啶）,5-Fu＋Cur.组（20只,5-氟尿嘧啶＋姜黄素）,在实验的第2、4、6天监测各组大鼠的体重、内毒素、DAO、D-乳酸水平,第7天处死大鼠后取出大鼠回肠,并在光镜下观察肠黏膜组织结构病理变化。结果：与正常组相比,化疗组的体重明显下降（P〈0.05）;内毒素、血浆DAO、D-乳酸水平明显增高（P〈0.05）;肠组织病理学观察可见：肠黏膜明显萎缩,绒毛脱落,并伴有大量炎性细胞浸润。结论：姜黄素对5-Fu化疗期间肠黏膜屏障具有保护作用。     

四痛泻汤治疗慢性结肠炎50例临床观察

[目的]观察四痛泻汤治疗慢性结肠炎疗效。[方法]采用前瞻性设计方法,对50例门诊及住院患者四痛泻汤(补骨脂10g,吴茱萸6g,党参15g,白术15g,茯苓、防风、陈皮、白芍、五味子、当归、黄连各10g,甘草5g;气滞加木香、槟榔各10g;黏液加苍术12g;食滞加神曲、山楂各15g;便浓血加地榆15g),1000mL水煎至500mL滤出,再加水500mL,煎至300mL滤出,2次煎得药液浓煎至400mL,早晚饭前温服。连续治疗30d为1疗程。观测临床症状、便常规、结肠黏膜状况、不良反应。治疗1疗程,判定疗效。[结果]痊愈24例,显效19例,有效4例,无效3例,总有效率94.00%。[结论]四痛泻汤治疗慢性结肠炎疗效显著,值得推广。     

慢性胃炎证型及胃黏膜表现研究概况

慢性胃炎(chronic gastritis,CG)病因多为脾胃虚弱、感受外邪、情志失调,终致中焦气机不利,升降失司,不能受纳腐熟水谷。脾胃气虚是发病基础,脾胃气虚则气血生化无源,免疫力低下,易感毒及产生瘀血、食滞、痰饮等病理产物,致脏腑气机失调,经脉不通,局部组织失养而形成慢性炎症。张仲景根据"按之不痛为虚,痛者为实"原则辨其虚实,确定证治大法。辨证分型主要有脾胃虚弱、脾胃虚寒、寒邪客胃、饮食伤胃、肝郁气滞、肝气犯胃、肝胃不和、肝胃郁热、湿热中阻、瘀血停胃、胃阴亏耗等。胃镜下黏膜表现作为中医望诊延伸,是辨证分型的物质基础,各证型和胃黏膜变化之间有一定内在联系。对CG病因病机、辨证分型、辨证治疗及证型与胃镜下黏膜表现的相关性等方面概括,表明结合内镜下微观辨证对诊治CG具有明显优势,为临床处方用药提供依据。     

42 例原发性胃淋巴瘤的临床特点分析

目的：探讨原发性胃淋巴瘤（PGL）的临床特点,以期提高该病的诊治水平。方法：回顾性分析湖北医药学院附属太和医院2003年01月至2013年01月收治的42例原发性胃淋巴瘤患者的临床病理资料。结果：患者多以消化道症状为主要表现,腹痛最常见,占83．3％,其次为恶心、呕吐、黑便和腹部包块。胃镜诊断阳性率为46．1％,高于钡餐及cT,超声胃镜可以协助诊断。DLBCL是其最常见的病理类型。IE期23例、ⅡE期11例、ⅢE期5例、ⅣE期3例。MALToma的预后与DLBCL无显著差异。LDH升高者预后较正常水平者差;IE期、ⅡE期患者预后较ⅢE期、ⅣE期好。结论：PGL临床表现以消化道症状为主,胃镜检查有利于诊断,治疗手段包括手术、化疗及放疗,选用CHOP化疗方案的患者联合美罗华预后较仅行CHOP方案好。     

口腔黏膜移植治疗义眼座植入术后重度结膜囊狭窄的疗效分析

目的:探讨口腔黏膜移植在HA眼座植入术后重度结膜囊狭窄成形术中的临床效果。方法:眼球严重损害同时伴重度结膜囊狭窄33例33眼者,先行羟基磷灰石义眼座植入,6mo后再行口腔黏膜移植全结膜囊成形术。结果:口唇黏膜31例移植成功,结膜囊成形良好,未见并发症,1例上睑下垂,1例结膜囊再狭窄。结论:对眼球严重损害伴重度结膜囊狭窄患者,可在羟基磷灰石义眼座植入后,以口腔黏膜Ⅱ期行结膜囊成形术,效果良好。