屏幕时间和静态生活方式对大学生体质健康的影响

目的 探讨屏幕时间和生活方式对大学生体质与健康的影响。方法 使用自制问卷对某高校555名大学生的屏幕时间和运动、睡眠等状况进行调查,采用生物电阻抗法测定人体成分,SPSS 19.0对数据进行统计分析。结果 60%大学生屏幕时间超过2 h/d,其中存在各种不适感的占51%,屏幕时间发生地点在宿舍的占87%,发生时段在睡前的占64.5%。不同屏幕时间的女生在体重、总水分和矿物质等体成分方面差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),而男生未见差异(P>0.05)。17.8%的大学生进行中等强度运动;90.1%男生和85.1%女生每天睡眠时间在6～8 h,睡眠质量较好的大学生仅占11%。结论 大学生屏幕时间普遍过长,且屏幕时间过长与女生的体成分具有相关性;静态生活方式对体成分和健康具有一定的影响。     

Group leader and participant perceptions of Balancing Everyday Life,a group-based lifestyle intervention for mental health service users

Abstract

Background: There exist few recovery and occupation-based interventions for mental health service users. Balancing Everyday Life (BEL) is a new occupation-based lifestyle intervention that was created to fill this need.

Aim: To gain group leaders’ and participants’ perspectives of the BEL intervention content and format, including factors that helped, hindered, and could be improved.

Methods: A constructivist grounded theory method guided data collection and analysis. Interviews took place with 12 BEL group leaders and 19 BEL participants from out-patient psychiatry settings and community-based day centers in Sweden.

Results: BEL’s structure and content were appreciated, yet flexibility was desired to adapt to participant needs. BEL could act as a bridge, helping participants connect with others, and to a more engaged and balanced everyday life. Facilitating factors included a person-focused (versus illness-focused) approach, physical and emotional environments, and connection. Barriers included room resources. More sessions were desired for the intervention.

Conclusion: Group leaders and participants experienced BEL as a useful tool to instigate meaningful change and connection in the participants’ lives. The combination of a positive person-focused approach and group support was appreciated. These results could inform future research, evaluation, and development of occupation-focused lifestyle interventions for mental health service users.     

Associations of multiple unhealthy lifestyle behaviors with overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity among Brazilian adolescents: A country-wide survey

Background and Aims

Physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, smoking and heavy drinking are four key unhealthy lifestyle behaviors (ULB) that may influence body weight and obesity development. More recently, sedentary time has been recognized as another potentially emerging ULB related to obesity. We therefore investigated the association of multiple ULB with overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity among Brazilian adolescents.

The relationship between healthy lifestyles and bone health: A narrative review

BackgroundBone health, especially osteoporosis among ageing populations, has become an important topic for both clinical and basic researchers. The relationship between bone health and healthy lifestyles has been frequently discussed. The present study focuses on the relationship between bone health and healthy lifestyles among older adults, based on a global comparison.MethodsThis narrative review was performed by collecting clinical trials, basic research and reviews on lifestyle and bone health in PubMed database.ResultsPositive effects of physical activity and negative effects of malnutrition, alcohol abuse, and cigarette smoking on bone health were revealed. The relationship between bone health and drinking coffee and tea is still inconclusive. Moreover, the diversity of each region should be aware when considering healthy lifestyles to improve bone health.ConclusionHealthy lifestyles are highly related to bone health, and different lifestyles may have different influences on regions with a high risk of bone diseases. It is practical to acknowledge the diversity of economic, religious, environmental and geological conditions in each region when providing suitable and effective recommendations for healthy lifestyles that can improve overall bone health.     

老年人健康促进生活方式和健康价值的相关性

目的:调查大连市某街道社区老年人的健康促进生活方式水平和健康价值的现状,分析两者之间的关系,为大连市社区老年人的生活方式进行健康指导,制定切实可行的社区卫生护理服务措施,以提高社区老年人的生活质量,并且为以后的社区护理教育提供理论依据。方法:采用方便抽样抽取大连市某街道(下属5个社区)60岁以上182例老年人,采用一般情况调查表、健康价值量表、健康促进生活方式量表,调查老年人健康促进生活方式与健康价值并分析健康价值与生活方式的关系。结果:大连市社区老年人健康促进生活方式的得分为(140.08±22.573)分;健康价值得分为(7.86±1.502)分,社区老年人的健康促进生活方式与健康价值之间呈正相关(r=0.833,P0.001)。结论:社区老年人的健康促进生活方式水平良好,健康价值处于高水平,且两者之间有明显正相关关系。     

Physical activity promotion for people with spinal cord injury: physiotherapists’ beliefs and actions

Purpose: It is vital that people with spinal cord injury (SCI) lead a physically active lifestyle to promote long term health and well-being. Yet within rehabilitation and upon discharge into the community, people with SCI are largely inactive. Physiotherapists are well placed to promote a physically active lifestyle and are valued and trusted messengers of physical activity (PA) by people with SCI. Therefore this study aimed to explore the perceptions of physiotherapists in SCI rehabilitation on PA for people with SCI, and what is done to promote PA.

Method: Semi-structured interviews were completed with 18 neurological physiotherapists (2–22 years experience) from SCI centres in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Framed by interpretivism, an inductive thematic analysis was conducted.

Results: Three themes were identified: (1) perceived importance of PA; (2) inconsistent PA promotion efforts; and (3) concern regarding community PA.

Conclusions: This article makes a significant contribution to the literature by identifying that although physiotherapists value PA, active promotion of PA remains largely absent from their practice. To enable physiotherapists to promote and prescribe PA as a structured and integral component of their practice, effective knowledge strategies need designing and implementing at the macro, meso, and micro levels of healthcare.

• Implications for Rehabilitation

• Physiotherapists are well placed to promote a physically active lifestyle and are perceived as valued and trusted messengers of physical activity (PA).

• The importance of PA for patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) is valued by physiotherapists yet PA promotion is largely absent from their practice.

• Physiotherapists lack specific education and training on PA and SCI and hold certain beliefs which restrict their promotion of PA.

• Knowledge translation across the macro, meso, and micro levels of healthcare are essential to facilitate effective PA promotion.

     

Lifestyle Patterns Are Associated with Elevated Blood Pressure among Qatari Women of Reproductive Age: A Cross-Sectional National Study

Women of childbearing age are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of elevated blood pressure (BP), with dietary and lifestyle habits being increasingly recognized as important modifiable environmental risk factors for this condition. Using data from the National STEPwise survey conducted in Qatar in year 2012, we aimed to examine lifestyle patterns and their association with elevated BP among Qatari women of childbearing age (18–45 years). Socio-demographic, lifestyle, dietary, anthropometric and BP data were used (n = 747). Principal component factor analysis was applied to identify the patterns using the frequency of consumption of 13 foods/food groups, physical activity level, and smoking status. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association of the identified lifestyle patterns with elevated BP and to examine the socio-demographic correlates of these patterns. Three lifestyle patterns were identified: a “healthy” pattern characterized by intake of fruits, natural juices, and vegetables; a “fast food & smoking” pattern characterized by fast foods, sweetened beverages, and sweets, in addition to smoking; and a “traditional sedentary” pattern which consisted of refined grains, dairy products, and meat in addition to low physical activity. The fast food & smoking and the traditional & sedentary patterns were associated with an approximately 2-fold increase in the risk of elevated BP in the study population. The findings of this study highlight the synergistic effect that diet, smoking and physical inactivity may have on the risk of elevated BP among Qatari women.     

Ethnic differences in response to lifestyle intervention for the prevention of type 2 diabetes in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) varies by ethnicity, but ethnic differences in response to diabetes prevention interventions remain unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed ethnic differences in the effects of lifestyle interventions on T2DM incidence, glycemic outcomes (fasting glucose, 2-h glucose, HbA_1c), anthropometric measures (weight, BMI, waist circumference), and lifestyle behaviors (physical activity, energy intake, energy from fat, fiber intake). MEDLINE, EMBASE, and other databases were searched (to June 15, 2020) for randomized and non-randomized controlled trials on lifestyle interventions (diet and/or physical activity) in adults at risk of T2DM. Ethnicity was categorized into European, South Asian, East and Southeast Asian, Middle Eastern, Latin American, and African groups. Forty-four studies were included in meta-analyses. Overall, lifestyle interventions resulted in significant improvement in T2DM incidence, glycemic outcomes, anthropometric measures, physical activity, and energy intake (all P < 0.01). Significant subgroup differences by ethnicity were found for 2-h glucose, weight, BMI, and waist circumference (all P < 0.05) but not for T2DM incidence, fasting glucose, HbA_1c, and physical activity (all P > 0.05). Few studies in non-European groups reported dietary intake. Lifestyle interventions in different ethnic groups may have similar effects in reducing incidence of T2DM although this needs to be confirmed in further studies.