甘草的色泽与甘草苷、甘草酸含量的相关性研究

目的:通过色差仪对甘草的颜色性状测定,对颜色特性与甘草质量评价的相关性进行探讨.方法:通过色差仪对甘草根皮和断面颜色进行测定,并应用HPLC测定甘草中指标性成分——甘草苷、甘草酸含量.结果:色差仪测定甘草颜色各色度值的RSD均＜2％,结果表明色度值数据稳定性良好,方法可以使甘草性状评价指标中颜色性状指标得到量化,克服了不同人对颜色识别的主观个体差异和个体对于颜色细微差异所引起识别的不敏感性,并且数据经统计相关性分析,发现色度值与野生甘草的指标性成分成含量呈显著性相关.而色度值与栽培甘草中指标性成分含量无明显性相关性.结论:采用色差仪测定中药材及其饮片色泽,具有一定的可行性,为规范中药材质量评价体系提供了新的方法.     

Glycyrrhetinic Acid Exhibits Strong Inhibitory Effects Towards UDP‐Glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A3 and 2B7

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the inhibitory effects of liver UDP‐glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) by glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid, which are the bioactive ingredients isolated from licorice. The results showed that glycyrrhetinic acid exhibited stronger inhibition towards all the tested UGT isoforms, indicating that the deglycosylation process played an important role in the inhibitory potential towards UGT isoforms. Furthermore, the inhibition kinetic type and parameters were determined for the inhibition of glycyrrhetinic acid towards UGT1A3 and UGT2B7. Data fitting using Dixon and Lineweaver‐Burk plots demonstrated that the inhibition of UGT1A3 and UGT2B7 by glycyrrhetinic acid was best fit to competitive and noncompetitive type, respectively. The second plot using the slopes from Lineweaver‐Burk plots versus glycyrrhetinic acid concentrations was employed to calculate the inhibition kinetic parameters (K_i), and the values were calculated to be 0.2 and 1.7 μM for UGT1A3 and UGT2B7, respectively. All these results remind us the possibility of UGT inhibition‐based herb–drug interaction. However, the explanation of these in vitro parameters should be paid more caution due to complicated factors, including the probe substrate‐dependent UGT inhibition behaviour, environmental factors affecting the abundance of herbs' ingredients, and individual difference of pharmacokinetic factors. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

甘草渣化学成分及其综合利用的研究

查阅甘草渣已有的现代研究,归纳其主要化学成分的提取方法、分离鉴定、药理作用及应用,指出甘草渣中富含黄酮类、多糖类及木质纤维素等,其综合利用涉及燃料、禽畜饲料及添加剂、食用菌栽培、培养基质、有机肥和食品包装等;对甘草渣化学成分及综合利用进行研究具有一定的现实意义及可观的经济效益,其广阔的应用前景对可持续发展意义重大。     

Pseudohyperaldosteronism due to mumijo consumption during pregnancy: a licorice-like syndrome

Abstract

Herbal supplements are widely used during pregnancy, although there are insufficient data regarding their efficacy and safety. Some of them have been associated with hypertension, including licorice, which induces the so called mineralocorticoid-excess syndrome, a clinical picture resembling to pseudohyperaldosteronism. This action is mediated via inhibition of 11-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11-HSD2), leading to impaired inactivation of cortisol to cortisone, accumulation of cortisol, and finally to excessive mineralocorticoid activity, especially in the distal and cumulative tubule of kidneys. This syndrome is characterized by hypertension and hypokalemia. Herein, we report a case of a 37-year-old pregnant woman, who was referred from obstetrics department to our department due to persistent hypertension and hypokalemia. She consumed a herbal supplement called “mumijo” during the last 6?months. After a thorough diagnostic work-up, the diagnosis of a “licorice-like syndrome” due to mumijo consumption was made. Potassium supplementation at the acute phase and discontinuation of mumijo were the treatment of choice. This is the first report of pseudohyperaldosteronism due to mumijo consumption in literature. Clinicians should be aware of this side effect and this agent should be included in those causing pseudohyperaldosteronism. Besides all, our case highlights the undeniable value of a detailed medical history.     

高效液相色谱法分析甘草炮制前后化学成分的变化

目的 从化学成分变化的角度探讨中药炮制的合理性.方法 采用高效液相色谱法对比分析甘草炮制前后的提取液.结果 甘草炮制前后色谱图存在差异,在炙甘草的色谱图中保留了甘草的大部分特征峰,但23,24 min时甘草的2个特征峰消失,在29 min时出现1个新的特征峰.结论 中药炮制具有合理性、科学性.     

复方甘草含片与复方甘草片的药效学比较研究

目的 比较复方甘草含片与复方甘草片的止咳、化痰、平喘以及抗炎作用。方法 采用小鼠氨水引咳模型,通过检测小鼠咳嗽潜伏期以及3 min内咳嗽次数,比较空白组和给药组的止咳效果;采用气管段酚红排泌量测定法,通过检测OD值,比较复方甘草含片与复方甘草片的化痰作用;采用磷酸组胺致豚鼠哮喘方法,通过检测豚鼠引喘潜伏期以及抽搐跌倒的豚鼠数量,比较空白组和给药组的平喘作用;采用二甲苯致炎模型,通过检测小鼠耳廓肿胀度及肿胀抑制率,比较复方甘草含片与复方甘草片的抗炎效果。结果 与空白对照组相比,给药组均可延长小鼠咳嗽潜伏期,减少咳嗽次数（P＜0.01,P＜0.05）,可明显延长豚鼠引喘潜伏期（P<0.01）,减少抽搐跌倒的豚鼠数量;给药组OD值明显增大（P＜0.01）,表示复方甘草含片及复方甘草片均可明显增加酚红排泌量,具有化痰作用,且对小鼠耳廓肿胀的抑制率明显增高（P<0.01）,具有抗炎作用。与复方甘草片组相比,复方甘草含片对小鼠咳嗽潜伏期的延长效果以及减少咳嗽次数的趋势更显著（P＜0.05）,对豚鼠引喘潜伏期的延长效果以及减少抽搐跌倒的豚鼠数量更明显（P<0.01）,复方甘草含片的化痰作用及抗炎效果也更明显。结论 复方甘草含片止咳、化痰、平喘以及抗炎的作用效果比复方甘草片更显著。     

甘草浸膏HPLC指纹图谱及多指标成分含量测定研究

目的 建立甘草浸膏HPLC指纹图谱及多指标成分含量测定方法。方法 采用HPLC建立甘草浸膏的指纹图谱,并通过中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统对13家企业的35批次样品进行相似度评价;以甘草苷、芹糖异甘草苷、异甘草苷、新异甘草苷、甘草查尔酮B和甘草酸6种成分为指标,采用Boston Green ODS色谱柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）,以乙腈（A）-0.1%甲酸（B）为流动相,梯度洗脱,建立了甘草浸膏的多指标HPLC含量测定方法。结果 建立了甘草浸膏HPLC指纹图谱,标定了22个共有峰,并指认了其中10个共有峰,35批样品相似度均>0.96,说明各批次甘草浸膏有较好的一致性;建立了6种指标成分含量测定方法,方法学考察符合规定。结论 本实验所建立的方法准确、简便、重复性好,可用于全面评价甘草浸膏的质量。     

我国甘草及其制品进出境调查研究

甘草应用广泛,自古有"十方九草"之说。但是随着工业化生产需求的增加,我国甘草资源迅速减少,我国开始从哈萨克斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦等进口甘草资源。为了摸清我国甘草贸易流向和评估我国甘草在世界甘草贸易中的地位,通过对我国海关甘草及其制品2011—2015年5年的贸易情况调查和分析,提出我国甘草及其制品在国际贸易中存在的问题:我国甘草进出口量双双下滑;我国甘草国际贸易进出口量较为集中,贸易风险较大;存在出口配额管理执行不到位的现象。提出了我国甘草资源作为医药战略资源的一种,必须立足国内发展,出口配额管理由被动配额转向主动配额管理,提升我国甘草资源内在价值,确立我国甘草及其制品的国际市场地位,以及掌控国际市场定价权力。     

吸湿回干处理对甘草种子萌发的作用

吸湿回干处理对甘草种子的萌发有显著的促进作用,以吸湿2小时,处理4次后效果最好。     

附子汤与芍药甘草汤合用的镇痛作用及机制研究

目的 :研究附子汤与芍药甘草汤合用的镇痛作用及其机制。方法 :采用福尔马林疼痛模型大鼠 ,观察药物的镇痛作用 ;采用冰醋酸致痛模型小鼠 ,测血清和脊髓中一氧化氮 (NO催化光度法 )、前列腺素E2 (PGE2 )的含量和超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性 (紫外分光光度法 )。结果 :附子汤加芍药甘草汤能抑制福尔马林引起的I相及Ⅱ相疼痛 ,能显著降低冰醋酸疼痛模型小鼠血清中和脊髓中的NO ,PGE2 的含量 ,增加SOD的活性。结论 :附子汤与芍药甘草汤合用对中枢及外周神经末梢均有镇痛作用 ,其镇痛作用与NO ,PGE2 ,SOD有关