甘草浸膏超声辅助真空干燥传热传质模拟与试验

目的 以甘草浸膏为研究对象,探索浸膏超声辅助真空干燥强化传热传质机制,为新技术在中药浸膏干燥中的应用提供理论依据。方法 基于过程模拟软件建立“超声场-温度场-压力场”多场耦合的甘草浸膏超声辅助真空干燥传热传质模型并求解;进行了干燥温度70、80、90℃,超声功率40、80、120、160、200 W的干燥试验,以特征点温度及干燥水分试验结果与模型计算理论值进行比较。结果 甘草浸膏干燥过程水分有效扩散系数（Deff）和传质系数（kc）随温度和超声功率的升高而增大,超声功率由40 W提高至200 W,Deff及kc分别提高200.65%、154.46%;结果验证了建立的浸膏超声辅助真空干燥模型精度良好,在一定条件下能反映真实干燥过程。结论 通过建立精度良好的甘草浸膏超声辅助真空干燥过程仿真模型,直观得到了浸膏内部超声场强分布及热质传递规律,为该技术用于中药浸膏高效干燥工艺开发和装备设计提供参考。     

波长切换高效液相色谱法同时测定青翘抗毒颗粒中7个成分的含量

目的：建立高效液相色谱法同时测定青翘抗毒颗粒中绿原酸、马钱苷、连翘苷、葛根素、（R,S）-告依春、射干苷、咖啡酸的含量。方法：采用岛津InertSustain C₁₈柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,以甲醇-0.3%磷酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱;流速为1.0 mL·min^-1;进样量为5 μL;检测波长为240 nm（0~25 min,检测（R,S）-告依春）、327 nm（25~39 min,检测绿原酸和咖啡酸）、240 nm（39~45 min,检测葛根素和马钱苷）、265 nm（45~53 nm,检测射干苷）、228 nm（53~65 min,检测连翘苷）;柱温为30℃。结果：绿原酸、马钱苷、连翘苷、葛根素、射干苷、咖啡酸、（R,S）-告依春7个成分的进样质量浓度分别在4.56~228 μg·mL^-1（R²=0.999 9）、4.04~202 μg·mL^-1（R²=0.999 8）、8.10~405 μg·mL^-1（R²=0.999 9）、8.06~161 μg·mL^-1（R²=0.999 9）、2.10~105 μg·mL^-1（R²=0.999 9）、3.46~173 μg·mL^-1（R²=0.999 9）、4.58~229 μg·mL^-1（R²=0.999 9）与峰面积呈良好的线性关系;各组分分离度良好;加样回收率（n=6）分别为99.35%（RSD为2.6%）、100.76%（RSD为1.5%）、100.34%（RSD为0.9%）、100.63%（RSD为1.5%）、100.31%（RSD为1.7%）、100.70%（RSD为1.6%）、99.03%（RSD为1.7%）。结论：本研究建立的含量测定方法符合方法学验证要求,可用于青翘抗毒颗粒7个指标性成分的同时测定。     

Inhibition by licorice flavonoid oil of glutathione S-transferase–positive foci in the medium-term rat hepatocarcinogenesis bioassay

Licorice flavonoid oil (LFO) is a new functional food ingredient consisting of hydrophobic licorice polyphenols in medium-chain triglycerides. Recently, it was reported that licorice and its derivatives have anticarcinogenic activity in some types of tumors. However, the anticarcinogenic activity has not been identified in the liver, which is a major target organ for carcinogenesis in human. Therefore, we hypothesized that LFO has antihepatocarcinogenic activity, and we tested this hypothesis using the rat medium-term liver bioassay for carcinogens. Six-week-old male F344 rats (15 animals/group) received N-diethylnitrosamine (200 mg/kg by intraperitoneal injection) to initiate carcinogenesis. From the second week after initiation, animals received a 6-week regimen of either LFO concentrate solution (0, 150, 300, or 600 mg/kg) intragastrically or phenobarbital sodium salt in the diet (500 ppm) as a positive control. During the third week after initiation, animals were subjected to a two-thirds partial hepatectomy. During the eighth week of the treatment period, liver samples were taken from animals and examined immunohistochemically for expression of glutathione S-transferase placental form. No increase in the number of glutathione S-transferase placental form–positive liver foci was observed in all LFO groups compared with the negative control (solvent) group, and the number of foci in the 600 mg/kg LFO group was significantly lower than that in the negative control group. These results indicate that LFO concentrate solution has a significant inhibitory effect on liver carcinogenesis at 600 mg/kg.     

甘草止咳药效与其数字化颜色测量值的相关性分析

目的：通过色度计对甘草的颜色性状测定,对甘草断面颜色特性与甘草质量评价的相关性进行探讨。方法：运用分光光度计测定甘草颜色数字化测量值,并对甘草止咳药效进行评价。将甘草止咳药效与甘草断面颜色数字化测量值进行相关性分析。结果：阳性对照组、杭锦旗野生、玉门野生甘草大剂量组与空白组相比,小鼠咳嗽潜伏期时间延长,2分钟内咳嗽次数降低,与空白对照组比较差异有显著性意义（P < 0.01）。杭锦旗栽培大中小剂量组、玉门栽培大、中剂量组2分钟内咳嗽次数均有不同程度降低,与空白对照组比较存在显著差异。指标值L*、a*和甘草止咳作用之间不存在显著相关,指标值b*和止咳作用之间存在显著相关,b*值越大,药材的感官颜色越黄,甘草止咳效果越好。结论：可以通过颜色数字化信息推断甘草止咳作用的趋势,颜色测量在甘草质量评价中的应用得到了常用质量评价方法的支持。     

Induction of apoptosis in human leukemia cells by MCS-C2 via caspase-dependent Bid cleavage and cytochrome c release

Much of the interest on the chemopreventive properties of licorice has been focused on the plant genius Glycyrrhiza glabra. In this study the ethanol extract of Chinese licorice root, Glycyrrhiza uralensis (G. uralensis) was investigated for its estrogenic effect and the ability to inhibit cell proliferation in the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. The extract of the root of G. uralensis was fractionated in EtOH:H₂O (80:20) (80% ethanol). The extract exhibited estrogenic effects similar to 17β- estradiol (E2) and induced apoptosis at the same dose level (100 μg/ml) in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, results were associated with up-regulation of tumor suppressor gene p53 and pro-apoptotic protein Bax. G. uralensis extract caused the up-regulation of p21^waf1/cip1 and down-regulation of cdk 2 and cyclin E and most significantly, induced G1 cell cycle arrest. This is the first study to show that the ethanolic extract of the root of G. uralensis has an estrogen-like activity and anti-cancer effects against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Whilst the use of phytoestrogens to protect against hormone-dependent cancers or as a ‘natural’ alternative to hormone replacement therapy remains controversial, the data in this paper support the suggestion that extracts of root of the Chinese licorice G. uralensis might be of importance in this debate.     

亚甲蓝比色法测定甘草及其制剂中甘草酸的含量

本法根据甘草次酸与亚甲蓝生成的复合物在640nm 处有最大吸收的原理,将甘草酸以酸水解为甘草次酸,然后比色测定。文中测定了不同产地的甘草及不同厂家的甘草浸膏。方法简便,精确,不需特殊仪器。     

Effects of flavonoids isolated from licorice roots (Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat.) On degranulation in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils

The effects of chalcones and flavanone isolated from licorice roots (Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat.) on human polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) degranulation were investigated. Licochalcone A (2-methoxy-4,4′-dihydroxy-5-α,α-dimethylallylchalcone) and licochalcone B (2-methoxy 3,4,4′-trihydroxychalcone), at concentrations of 10^?6M to 10^?3M, inhibited calcium ionophore A 23187 (A 23187)-, leukotriene B₄ (LTB₄) plus cytochalasin B (cyto B)-, platelet activating factor (PAF) plus cyto B- and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) plus cyto B-induced lysosomal enzyme release from human PMNs. Isoliquiritigenin, isoliquiritin, liquiritigenin and liquiritin had no effects on PMN degranulation induced by various stimuli. In addition, licochalcones A and B, at high concentrations (10^?4M–10^?3M), increased cyclic AMP in human PMNs. Furthermore, licochalcones A and B, at concentrations of 10^?6M to 10^?3M, reduced the elevation of cytosolic free calcium concentration induced by calcium ionophore ionomycine (ionomycine), fMLP, PAF and LTB₄.     

HPLC法同时测定甘草指纹图谱暨甘草苷、甘草酸含量

目的:建立甘草甲醇提取物的HPLC指纹图谱测定方法,并同时对其中甘草苷(liqu iritin,L)、甘草酸(glycyrrh izicac id,GA)的含量进行测定;方法:筛选适当提取方法,采用C18反相色谱柱,0.1%磷酸水-乙腈梯度洗脱,对不同色谱峰采用不同紫外波长检测;结果:测定了不同产地野生甘草及同一产地不同年限和部位栽培甘草的指纹图谱和甘草酸、甘草苷含量;结论:方法准确、稳定、可靠,可用于甘草的质量研究和评价。     

植物生长物质HKL-4对甘草叶片活性氧代谢及PSⅡ光化学效率调控的研究

目的：研究在大田条件下植物生长物质HKL-4系统调控对甘草叶片活性氧代谢及PSⅡ光化学效率影响。方法：以乌拉尔甘草为材料,定期测定HKL-4对甘草叶片的活性氧代谢及PSⅡ光化学效率的影响。结果与结论：HKL-4提高了叶片中叶绿素的含量、提高了超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性,降低了过氧化物酶（POD）活性和膜脂过氧化物产物丙二醛（MDA）的积累,改善了活性氧代谢,延缓了叶片的衰老,提高了叶片的光化学效率(F_v/F_m)。